Characteristics Of Willingness Research Articles

Willingness to Use Long-Acting Injectable PrEP Among PrEP Naïve Black and Hispanic Sexual Gender Minority Persons.

In December 2021, long-acting injectable pre-exposure prophylaxis (LAI-PrEP) was approved for the prevention of HIV in at-risk adults and adolescents. LAI-PrEP may address adherence issues of daily oral daily PrEP and PrEP stigma. However, studies assessing LAI-PrEP willingness among PrEP naive Black and Hispanic sexual and gender minority (SGM) persons- a group disproportionately impacted by the HIV epidemic in the United States - is rare. To assess the extent of and characteristics of willingness to use LAI-PrEP in a national sample of Black and Hispanic SGM who are self-reported that they have never used PrEP. We analyzed data from a national sample of Black and Hispanic SGM collected between March and August 2020. We used log-binomial regression models to assess characteristics associated with willingness to use LAI-PrEP. Of the overall sample (N = 380), the mean age was 24 (SD = 2.8) and the majority of the sample (54%, n = 205) reported willingness to use LAI-PrEP. In multivariable log-binomial regression models, PrEP stigma was independently associated with less [prevalence ratio (PR) = 0.7, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.6, 0.9], while number of sexual partners in the past 12 months was associated with a more willingness to use LAI-PrEP (PR = 1.1, 95% CI = 1.0, 1.2). Our findings highlight the persistence of PrEP stigma as a potential barrier to willingness to use LAI-PrEP in this sample of Black and Hispanic SGM who have never used PrEP. Additional work needs to be done to reduce PrEP stigma more broadly.

Willingness to forgiveness as a predictor of mental health and psychological resilience of displaced persons from the zone of military conflict in Eastern Ukraine

The article is devoted to the problem the characteristics of willingness to forgiveness in displaced persons from the conflict zone. The concepts of forgiveness and psychological resilience are considered. The article examines the characteristics of willingness to forgiveness as a predictor of mental health and psychological resilience of displaced persons from the conflict zone.
 The presented findings should be taken into account by persons offering professional support for such group of persons.

Rural Household Preferences for Active Participation in "Payment for Ecosystem Service" Programs: A Case in the Miyun Reservoir Catchment, China.

Many payment for ecosystem services (PES) programs, such as the Slope Land Conversion Program (SLCP), are passive and require full participation by impacted households. In contrast, this study considers the alternative of “active and incomplete” participation in PES programs, in which participants are not obliged to contract their own land, and have the right to select into the program or not. This type of program has been popular over the last decade in China; however, there have been few studies on the characteristics of willingness to participate and implementation. As such, this paper uses the Choice Experiment (CE) method to explore ways for inducing effective program participation, by analyzing the effects of different regime attributes. The case study used to analyze participation utility was the Jing-Ji Afforestation Program for Ecological and Water Protection (JAPEWP), a typical active-participation forestry PES program, and a key source of water near Beijing in the Miyun Reservoir Catchment (MRC). Analyzing rural household survey data indicated that the program faces a variety of challenges, including long-term maintenance, implementation performance, cost-effectiveness, and monitoring approaches. There are also challenges with one-size-fits-all payment strategies, due to ineffective program participation or imperfect implementation regimes. In response, this study proposes several policies, including providing secure and complete land tenure to the participants, creating more local off-farm employment opportunities, designing performance-based monitoring systems that are integrated with financial incentives, applying differentiated payment strategies, providing capacity building to support forestation activities, and establishing a comprehensive implementation regime that would address these challenges. These policy conclusions provide valuable lessons for other active-participation PES programs as well.

Interactional context and willingness to communicate: A comparison of behavior in whole class, group and dyadic interaction

This article reports on a study that investigated the dual characteristics of willingness to communicate (WTC) in a second language (L2): trait-like WTC and situational WTC. By adopting methods of classroom observation, participant interviews and questionnaires, consistency between L2 learners’ self-report WTC and their actual WTC behavior in an L2 classroom was examined. While trait-like WTC, as measured by a self-report survey, could predict a tendency to communicate, classroom observation of situational WTC and interviews with individual learners revealed actual behavior and the influence of contextual factors on the decision to engage in interaction with fellow students. A number of factors were perceived by learners to influence WTC behavior in class: the group size, familiarity with interlocutor(s), interlocutor(s)’ participation, familiarity with topics under discussion, self-confidence, medium of communication and cultural background. These findings contribute to an understanding of the dynamic nature of WTC in a second language and suggest implications for best practice in language pedagogy.

Sport Psychology in the Training Room: A Survey of Athletic Trainers

Although athletic injury is common in sport, little is documented about the application of psychological principles to injury rehabilitation. This study surveyed athletic trainers on the use of psychological strategies with injured athletes. Athletic trainers (N = 115) responded to Likert rating scales on athlete characteristics, efficacy of psychological strategies, and perceived importance of trainer knowledge about psychological strategies. Results revealed that trainers distinguished between athletes coping most versus least successfully with injury on characteristics of willingness to listen, positive attitude, intrinsic motivation, and willingness to learn about the injury and rehabilitation techniques. Trainers rated effective psychological techniques for facilitating athlete recovery as good interpersonal communication skills, positive reinforcement, coach support, and keeping the athlete involved with the team. Knowledge about using a positive communication style, strategies for setting realistic goals, methods for encouraging positive self-thoughts, and understanding individual motivation were rated as most important.