Characteristics Of Urban Areas Research Articles

New radio paging system and its propagation characteristics

A radio paging system using a 200 band NRZ-digital code for the selective calling signal on new frequency bands is discussed. This system uses the 250-MHz band, and its propagation characteristics in urban areas, necessary for the radio system design, was measured in the Tokyo area. Distance versus median field strength characteristics in this band approximate that of the 150-MHz band. Building loss is 19.7 dB and is less than that of the 150-MHz band. Therefore, the new system will provide nearly the same grade of service as the former system using the 150-MHz band.

HOUSING CONSTRUCTION, VACANCY CHAINS, AND RESIDENTIAL MOBILITY IN WINDSOR

Residential mobility is one of the most important forces underlying changes in the social composition and physical characteristics of urban areas (Rossi 1955, p. 2). Consequently, numerous studies on residential migration have been carried out in order to comprehend this process better and thereby aid in the assessment of migration theories and in the development of appropriate models. Mobility studies have examined the characteristics of outmigration areas and households, motivations to move, satisfaction achieved through relocation, and the impact of residential changes. However, as Maher (1974) points out, previous analyses are incomplete in that they tend to focus on the demand characteristics of residential relocation and to omit the supply side of the process, the available housing stock. This study attempts to rectify this omission by considering the provision of newly constructed single-family detached housing in Windsor and the resultant migration patterns and processes through vacancy chain analysis. The demand and supply concepts of residential mobility are examined with regard to the housing multiplier generated by different locations and values of new homes, the socio-economic and demographic characteristics of households at various positions in the turnover process, the reasons for moving, and the spatial patterns of residential moves originating from new housing. In addition, by focusing on a specific form of housing the study avoids problems which may arise from aggregate level analyses of households adjusting to new housing opportunities.

Spatial Patterning of Urban Population Characteristics

This paper develops a methematical expression of the classic zone and sector phenomena in the distribution of residential neighborhood characteristics in urban areas. Problems of evaluation are discussed, and the use of the model is illustrated with the 1960 census tract statistic for Baltimore, Maryland.

Location of National Headquarters of Voluntary Associations

The location of national headquarters of voluntary associations is examined, using data from several directories. New York, Washington, and Chicago, the three leading metropolitan centers, have nearly 60 per cent of all headquarters. Wide variations in location patterns are found, however, between and within different types of associations. These are studied in terms of the interaction between the functions of associations, distribution of members, and the differences in the social, economic, and political characteristics of urban areas. The influence of organizational function and urban specialization is examined through a case study of lobbying and its relation to location in Washington. Industrial differences among cities are found to influence the specific types of trade and business associations located in sixteen leading cities. Location of industrial associations in New York, however, is only slightly related to the industrial composition of that center. Stanley Lieberson is associate professor of sociology, University of Wisconsin; Irving L. Allen, Jr., is instructor of sociology, University of Connecticut.