Existing practices primarily emphasized the accessibility and per capita index of public service facilities (PSFs) in decision-making processes aimed at promoting social equity. However, the national commitment of carbon peak may induce additional considerations into the planning and policy decisions of PSFs for local governments. By conducting a two-stage simulation of carbon emissions (CEs) and correlation analysis, we identified uncertainties and confirmed the nonnegligible impact of land use structure, particularly PSF distribution, on achieving the urban transport-related carbon peak. Subsequently, we elaborated on the imperative of optimizing PSF distribution for carbon reduction, rather than solely depending on transport management strategies, through a case study of individual medical care travel characteristics. Moreover, a further discussion of the potential trade-offs and synergies between current and low carbon oriented PSF planning and policy decisions underscores the necessity of collaboration among decision-makers across pertinent administrative sectors.