Resonance Characteristics Research Articles

4 × 4 graphene nano-antenna array for plasmonic sensing applications

The manuscript presents the design and investigation of square and L-shaped graphene plasmonic nano-antenna arrays on a silicon dioxide substrate for plasmonic biosensing applications. The design parameters, such as the shape of the nanostructure, spacing between the antenna array elements, size of the antenna array and chemical potential of the graphene are used to analyze the plasmonic resonance characteristics of the proposed plasmonic nano-antenna array. Initially, dispersive characteristics of graphene, such as conductivity, permittivity and refractive index are analyzed using its chemical potential for the validation of the graphene material for plasmonic sensing applications. The proposed square and L-shaped nanopatch antenna structures are radiating at 30 THz with a reflection coefficient of -28.4 dB and − 44.6 dB respectively at 0.1 eV chemical potential. It is observed that graphene nanopatch antenna radiates at 30 THz, 115 THz and 176 THz at a chemical potential of 1.3 eV. Further, the study demonstrated that the designed square and L-shaped nano-antenna exhibit a gain of 3.52 dB and 9.51 dB respectively at 30 THz. The gain can be increased further using a square and L-shaped nano-antenna array of dimensions 2 × 2, 3 × 3 and 4 × 4. It is observed that maximum gains of 33.44 dB and 30.86 dB are obtained for the square and L-shaped 4 × 4 plasmonic nanoarray antenna respectively. Finally, a nanocircuit model of square and L-shaped nano-antennas is proposed and validated through CST simulations.

A novel exponential unsaturated bistable stochastic resonance-boosted incipient fault identification in rotating machineries

Abstract Stochastic resonance (SR) for weak fault detection stands as a significant constructive methodology leveraging noise in nonlinear information systems processing. In virtue of the SR technique in conjunction with coupled non-saturated nonlinear systems, an exponential unsaturated bistable stochastic resonance (EUBSR) model is developed to enhance output levels. By integrating the exponential monostable stochastic resonance system (ESR) and the unsaturated bistable stochastic resonance (UBSR) system through coupling coefficients, this model offers a broader spectrum of resonance characteristics. The performance of the EUBSR is evaluated based on the relevant indicators signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and residence time distribution ratio. These indicators are treated as multi-objective functions, with the coati optimization algorithm employed to optimize both the parameters and coupling coefficients of the EUBSR model simultaneously. Moreover, the paper takes into account the interdependence of nonlinear systems and their interactions by considering both cascade and parallel models of the ESR and UBSR systems. Fault diagnosis is carried out on simulation signals and bearings to validate the effectiveness of the proposed EUBSR model. The results demonstrate that the EUBSR model surpasses not only its individual component models but also cascade and parallel models.

A microstrip-based dielectric sensor with four fluidic channels for complex dielectric constant detection of aqueous alcohols

A cost-effective planar microstrip-based dielectric sensor with four fluidic channels on its ground plane is proposed for estimating the concentration and complex dielectric constants of ethanol/water mixtures. The channels are placed on the long sides of the slot resonators, which are slightly carved from the substrate. The sensor prototype is fabricated, showing good agreement between simulated and measured parameters. The sensor's resonance characteristics, influenced by the binary mixtures, are used to estimate the dielectric constants with an empirical relation. Validation is achieved through good correspondence with literature values. The sensor's resonance can be tailored by adjusting the number of fluidic channels. With a normalized sensitivity of 0.063% using 17.28 µl of material-under-test, the sensor is label-free, reusable, non-destructive, contactless, and suitable for lab-on-chip chemical sensing applications.

Design and theoretical analysis of near-infrared multiband metamaterial absorber with concentric sub-resonators for solar applications

Metamaterial absorbers with multiple frequency bands can be designed by stacking sub-resonators vertically or arranging them co-planarly. However, to increase the number of absorption peaks, we often need more sub-resonators. Therefore, a study explores dynamic infrared multiband metamaterial absorbers to enhance electromagnetic wave absorption and addresses tunability challenges by utilizing a periodic sub-wavelength structure-based unit cell. The novel design comprises a concentric triangular strip within a central hollow of a square patch, with four hollow cylindrical spaces at the patch corners, each containing four small square pillars. The design comprises a metal–dielectric–metal architecture, with silver as the top patch and the ground metal layer separated by a thin magnesium fluoride dielectric layer. A temperature-controlled material vanadium dioxide layer is introduced below the upper metal layer to enhance the absorbance. Moreover, extensive parametric investigations have been conducted involving the manipulation of shape while keeping other dimensions constant. The goal is achieving perfect multiple absorptions within the 90–300 THz frequency range, ensuring impedance match and exhibiting plasmonic resonance characteristics. The study also investigates unit cell behavior regarding polarization and incident angle variations. Simulations are conducted using CST Microwave Studio Suite® with finite integration technology and validated with COMSOL Multiphysics® using the finite element method in the frequency domain. The simulated results reveal multiple absorption peaks in the terahertz range, averaging 98.32% with a maximum absorption of up to 99.99% and exhibiting high absorption coefficients at discrete resonance frequencies, suggesting promising applications in terahertz technology-related fields.

Forced-Vibration Characteristics of Bowtie-Shaped Honeycomb Composite Sandwich Panel with Viscoelastic Damping Layer.

The incorporation of viscoelastic layers in laminates can markedly enhance the damped dynamic characteristics. This study focuses on integrating viscoelastic layers into the composite facesheet of the bowtie-shaped honeycomb core composite sandwich panel (BHC-CSP). The homogenization of the damped BHC-CSP is performed by employing the variational asymptotic method. Based on the generalized total energy equation, the energy functional of the representative unit cell of the damped BHC-CSP is asymptotically analyzed. The warping function, derived following the principle of minimum potential energy, provides a basis for obtaining the corresponding Euler-Lagrange equation to ascertain the equivalent elastic properties of the damped BHC-CSP. Utilizing the developed two-dimensional equivalent model, the free-vibration characteristics of the damped BHC-CSP are examined across diverse boundary conditions while delving into the impact of an external viscous damping layer on the natural frequency of the damped BHC-CSP. The results reveal that intensified boundary constraints effectively diminish the effective vibration region of the damped BHC-CSP, thereby enhancing its overall stability. The introduction of a PMI foam layer proves effective in adjusting the stiffness and mass distribution of the damped BHC-CSP. Resonance characteristics are explored through frequency and time-domain analyses, highlighting the pivotal roles of the excitation position and receiver point in influencing the displacement and velocity responses. Although the stiffness is improved by incorporating a PMI foam layer, its effect on the damping performance of the damped BHC-CSP is minimal when compared to the T-SW308 foam layer.

Erythrocyte nano-ghosts with dual optical and magnetic resonance characteristics.

Fluorescent organic dyes provide imaging capabilities at cellular and sub-cellular levels. However, a common problem associated with some of the existing dyes such as the US FDA-approved indocyanine green (ICG) is their weak fluorescence emission. Alternative dyes with greater emission characteristics would be useful in various imaging applications. Complementing optical imaging, magnetic resonance (MR) imaging enables deep tissue imaging. Nano-sized delivery systems containing dyes with greater fluorescence emission as well as MR contrast agents present a promising dual-mode platform with high optical sensitivity and deep tissue imaging for image-guided surgical applications. We have engineered a nano-sized platform, derived from erythrocyte ghosts (EGs), with dual near-infrared fluorescence and MR characteristics by co-encapsulation of a brominated carbocyanine dye and gadobenate dimeglumine (Gd-BOPTA). We have investigated the use of three brominated carbocyanine dyes (referred to as BrCy106, BrCy111, and BrCy112) with various degrees of bromination, structural symmetry, and acidic modifications for encapsulation by nano-sized EGs (nEGs) and compared their resulting optical characteristics with nEGs containing ICG. We find that asymmetric dyes (BrCy106 and BrCy112) with one dibromobenzene ring offer greater fluorescence emission characteristics. For example, the relative fluorescence quantum yield ( ) for nEGs fabricated using of BrCy112 is -fold higher than nEGs fabricated using the same concentrations of ICG. The dual-mode nEGs containing BrCy112 and Gd-BOPTA show a nearly twofold increase in their as compared with their single optical mode counterpart. Cytotoxicity is not observed upon incubation of SKOV3 cells with nEGs containing BrCy112. Erythrocyte nano-ghosts with dual optical and MR characteristics may ultimately prove useful in various biomedical imaging applications such as image-guided tumor surgery where MR imaging can be used for tumor staging and mapping, and fluorescence imaging can help visualize small tumor nodules for resection.

Study on vibration bandgap characteristics of a cantilever beam type local resonance unit

This article proposes a novel phononic crystal configuration consisting of a through-hole cantilever beam and a mass block, and conducts numerical analysis and experimental verification on the bandgap characteristics of a two-dimensional periodic array plate containing this configuration. The results indicate that there are multiple bending wave band gaps in the proposed structure, and the formation of the bandgap is due to the coupling between elastic waves in the matrix and the resonance characteristics of the local resonant structure. The width of the bandgap is related to the coupling strength. Further research has also found that the proportion of effective mass of the mode is a criterion for determining whether the mode generates a bandgap. At the same time, the regulation of band gaps by the cell constants and geometric parameters of local resonance units was studied. Based on the above research, by improving the original local resonance structure, more abundant bandgap features were obtained, providing a feasible approach for the design of broadband bandgaps. Finally, the vibration transmission rate of the finite period structural plate was obtained through simulation calculations and experiments, and its attenuation frequency band was basically consistent with the bandgap range, indicating that the structure has good low-frequency vibration reduction performance, which has broad engineering application prospects in the field of vibration and noise reduction.

Admittance stability model and equivalent circuit analysis of three‐phase AC systems in different coordinate systems

AbstractIn recent years, with a large number of distributed energy sources connected to the grid, the distribution network has shown a clear trend towards the use of power electronics. As a power conversion interface, the stability of the converter's interaction with the grid has received considerable attention. Adequate admittance (impedance) modeling of the three‐phase grid‐connected converter is a prerequisite for analyzing the stability and resonance characteristics of the grid‐connected system. Understanding the internal mechanisms and proposing effective solutions are crucial to enable power systems to effectively cope with the impact of power electronics. Therefore, by studying the admittance equivalence relationship and equivalent circuit of three‐phase AC systems in various coordinate systems, this paper focuses on solving the non‐uniqueness problem of impedance admittance modeling of three‐phase converter system. It is proposed that the input admittance of the three‐phase asymmetrical system in the dq and fb rotating coordinate systems is a 2‐order matrix and equivalent. The input admittance of the three‐phase unbalanced system in the αβ and “12” static coordinate systems is a 4‐order matrix and equivalent. From both theoretical analysis and simulation verification, it is shown that the number of eigenvalues of the three‐phase asymmetrical system in the stationary coordinate system is twice that in the rotating coordinate system, and the overall damping of the system is improved. The control strategy based on the stationary coordinate system will make the system more stable. The second contribution of this paper is to establish the equivalent circuit of the three‐phase symmetric converter system by the node admittance matrix and extend it to the multi‐machine system to explain the system instability mechanism by the circuit resonance mechanism. Finally, the frequency coupling phenomenon is studied for the three‐phase asymmetrical converter system, and it is explained that it cannot establish an equivalent circuit similar to the three‐phase symmetrical converter system.

A highly flexible and low-profile metasurface antenna for wearable WBAN systems

Recent years have witnessed the popularity of wearable devices. These devices use Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs) for healthcare monitoring, personalized tracking, and various other applications. An important component of these devices is the wearable antenna that provides reliable and efficient wireless communication between body-worn sensors and external devices. This paper presents a novel metasurface-based wearable antenna for WBAN applications. By incorporating metasurfaces into the antenna design, achieving enhanced performance is possible. The design was tested using four flexible substrates: wool, paper, fleece, and felt. The paper substrate was chosen because of its superior performance. The dimensions of the antenna are 30 mm x 20 mm, and a 5 ×3 metasurface is used, whose unit cell comprises a square patch. Simulation and experimental results have been performed to measure the radiation pattern, return loss, and gain. A good corroboration is observed between the measured and simulated results. The antenna resonates at three frequencies and offers wide-band resonance characteristics when backed by the metasurface. The peak gain of the antenna without the metasurface was less than 4 dB, but when backed by the metasurface, the peak gain was enhanced to approximately 6 dB. Also, it has been observed that the designed antenna’s performance is not significantly affected by the radius of curvature, making it ideal for on-body measurements. This design can inspire further research on low-cost paper substrate-based antennas for WBAN applications.

Influence of polymer types on the performance of piezoelectric ceramic/polymer composite arrays based on 1–3 type structure

Piezoelectric ceramic/polymer composite array elements based on a 1–3 structure are widely used in high-frequency transducers. This study selected three commonly used polymers (epoxy resin, silicone rubber, and polyurethane) to prepare three types of piezoelectric ceramic/polymer composite array elements. These elements were tested using a concentric ring sampling scheme from the inside to the outside and analyzed through finite element simulation to explain the performance differences in piezoelectric ceramic/polymer composite arrays. The test results demonstrate that compared to composite arrays made with piezoelectric ceramic and epoxy resin or polyurethane, piezoelectric ceramic/silicone rubber composite arrays exhibit superior resonance characteristics and consistency. The resonance frequency fluctuation is within 6 kHz, with a maximum deviation factor of 1.22 %, and an average effective electromechanical coupling factor of up to 0.69. The experimental results also show significant performance differences between edge and non-edge elements, suggesting that in practical applications, edge elements of the array can be set as dummy elements to ensure array consistency.

The Influence of Large Variations in Fluid Density and Viscosity on the Resonance Characteristics of Tuning Forks Simulated by Finite Element Method

The use of tuning forks to measure fluid density and viscosity is widely employed in fields such as food, medicine, textiles, automobiles, petrochemicals, and deep drilling. The explicit analytical model based on the Euler–Bernoulli cantilever-beam theory for the relationship between tuning-fork resonance characteristics and the density and viscosity of fluid is only applicable to the situation where the fluid viscous effect is very small. In this paper, the finite element method is used to simulate the influence of large variations in fluid density and viscosity on the resonance characteristic parameters (resonant frequency and quality factor) of the tuning fork. The numerical simulation results are compared with the analytical analysis results and experimental measurement results. Then, the sensitivity of tuning-fork resonance characteristic parameters to fluid density and viscosity is studied. The results show that compared with the analytical results, the numerical simulation results have a higher degree of agreement with the experimental measurement results. The relative difference in resonant frequency is less than 2%, and the relative difference in quality factor is less than 4%. This indicates that the finite element method includes the influence of fluid viscosity on tuning-fork resonance parameters, which is more in line with the actual conditions than the analytical model. Simulating and analyzing the sensitivity of the tuning fork to fluid density and viscosity by the finite element method, it is possible to consider the situation where fluid density and viscosity vary over a large range. Compared with experimental measurements, this method has higher efficiency and can significantly save time and economic costs. This study can overcome the limitation of existing explicit analytical models, which are only applicable when the viscous effects of the fluid are very small. It enables a more accurate simulation of the coupling vibration between tuning forks and fluids, thereby providing theoretical references for further optimizing tuning-fork structural parameters to enhance the accuracy of measuring fluid characteristic parameters.

Secondary resonance of a cantilever beam with concentrated mass under time delay feedback control

The present work discusses the strongly nonlinear dynamical characteristics of the secondary resonance in a cantilever beam system with concentrated mass regulated through displacement and velocity time delay. Through the homotopy analysis method, the potential superharmonic and subharmonic resonance issues are resolved. A detailed analysis is conducted to investigate the influences of the time delay, feedback gain coefficient, excitation amplitude, and damping coefficient on the nonlinear response. The results show that the system exhibits hardening behavior for superharmonic resonance with one or two peaks and softening behavior for subharmonic resonance. In time delay control systems, increasing the damping coefficient occasionally causes an increase in amplitude. Due to the complexity of the system, it is challenging to definitively determine whether displacement or velocity time delay control is more suitable. Only when specific working conditions are given can it be compared which way is better. Prudently choosing the velocity and displacement time delay factors can restrain the amplitude of the system, adjust the response region, jump frequency and the number of solutions. The findings of this paper are thought to be useful in the design of time delay feedback controllers.

Dynamic modeling and analysis of viscoelastic hard-magnetic soft actuators with thermal effects

Hard-magnetic soft materials (HMSMs) are a class of magnetoactive smart polymers capable of sustaining a high residual magnetic flux density and can undergo large actuation strains under an external magnetic excitation. Due to these exceptional characteristics, soft actuators based on HMSMs hold enormous potential for remote-controlled applications. The temperature and viscoelasticity considerably influence the performance of these materials during the operation. This work aims to develop an analytical framework for modeling the dynamic behavior of a planar hard-magnetic soft actuators (HMSA) considering temperature and viscoelastic effects. The constitutive behavior of the viscoelastic HMSA is described by employing an incompressible neo-Hookean model in conjunction with a Zener rheological model and the Rayleigh dissipation function. The dynamic governing differential equations of motion are derived by utilizing the non-conservative form of the Euler–Lagrange equation. This study delves into the collective influence of temperature and viscoelastic properties on the stability, periodicity, and resonance characteristics of nonlinear vibrations exhibited by HMSM-based planar actuator subjected to dynamic magnetic loading, presenting the findings through time-history responses, Poincaré maps, and phase-plane plots. The presented results can help in the efficient and robust design of HMSM-based actuators and can also serve as an initial step toward the development of advanced actuators exposed to dynamic loading under variable temperatures for diverse applications in the fields of engineering and medicine.

Multi-factor numerical simulation and response characteristics of two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance in digital cores

Two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (2D NMR) logging is an important technology for reservoir evaluation in oil and gas exploration and development, and it has unique advantages in fluid identification. However, in oil shale reservoirs, the mechanisms of 2D NMR logging are complex, and the response characteristics of various factors are unclear. Numerical simulation based on digital core is a significant method to study the influences of multiple factors on 2D NMR. This manuscript introduces the construction method of high-resolution three-dimensional (3D) digital core models, and expounds the principle and workflow of 2D NMR numerical simulation. High-resolution 3D digital cores were constructed based on X-CT, MAPS, and QEMSCAN data of Berea sandstone and Daqing Gulong shale, respectively. Based on 3D digital cores, 2D NMR numerical simulations were carried out on temperature/viscosity, echo spacing, and frequency. Then, 2D NMR mechanisms were analyzed and the response characteristics of multiple factors were summarized. The results show that the T2 and T1 of the water peak have a linear negative correlation with temperature/viscosity, and the T2 and T1 of the oil peak have a linear positive correlation. For Daqing Gulong shale, the T2 of the water peak has a linear positive correlation with echo spacing, while for Berea sandstone, echo spacing has little effect. For Berea sandstone, the T1 of the water peak is linearly positively correlated with frequency. For Daqing Gulong shale, the T1 of the water peak and oil peak are both linearly positively correlated with frequency. The response characteristics of multiple factors could provide a reference and basis for the interpretation and evaluation of 2D NMR logging under complex conditions.

Resonance and Topological Characteristics of BICs Based on Geared Structure THz Metasurface for Sensing Applications

Resonance and Topological Characteristics of BICs Based on Geared Structure THz Metasurface for Sensing Applications

Novel high performance Fano resonance sensor with circular split ring resonance

This study conducts an in-depth discussion on the Fano resonance phenomenon and its application in optical sensors. A circular split ring was proposed. By designing a metal-insulator-metal (MIM) waveguide structure with specific geometric parameters, we successfully excited the Fano resonance, which produced a unique asymmetric Fano through the coupling of discrete and continuous states. Resonance transmission spectroscopy. The sensitivity of Fano resonance is extremely sensitive to changes in structural parameters. This characteristic provides a theoretical basis for the development of highly sensitive optical sensors. The simulation results show that by optimizing the structural parameters, high sensitivity Fano resonance characteristics can be obtained, further enhancing the performance of the optical sensor. The calculated sensitivity is as high as 1250 nm/RIU, and the figure of merit (FOM) reaches 54, indicating that the designed MIM waveguide structure has excellent sensing capabilities. This study not only demonstrates the potential of Fano resonance in improving sensor sensitivity, but also provides valuable guidance for the design and development of future optical sensors.

Flexural-Mode Piezoelectric Resonators: Structure, Performance, and Emerging Applications in Physical Sensing Technology, Micropower Systems, and Biomedicine.

Piezoelectric material-based devices have garnered considerable attention from scientists and engineers due to their unique physical characteristics, resulting in numerous intriguing and practical applications. Among these, flexural-mode piezoelectric resonators (FMPRs) are progressively gaining prominence due to their compact, precise, and efficient performance in diverse applications. FMPRs, resonators that utilize one- or two-dimensional piezoelectric materials as their resonant structure, vibrate in a flexural mode. The resonant properties of the resonator directly influence its performance, making in-depth research into the resonant characteristics of FMPRs practically significant for optimizing their design and enhancing their performance. With the swift advancement of micro-nano electronic technology, the application range of FMPRs continues to broaden. These resonators, representing a domain of piezoelectric material application in micro-nanoelectromechanical systems, have found extensive use in the field of physical sensing and are starting to be used in micropower systems and biomedicine. This paper reviews the structure, working principle, resonance characteristics, applications, and future prospects of FMPRs.

Customizable polarization-selective narrowband meta-filters using a printable UV-curing nanocomposite.

Low-cost nanocomposite metasurfaces have demonstrated attractive potential to replace the equivalent dielectric metasurfaces for light engineering. However, the resonance characteristics of embedded structures in nanocomposite metasurfaces have not been further analyzed beyond the effective refractive index. Herein, we have proposed customizable polarization-selective narrowband meta-filters using ultraviolet-curable (UV) nanocomposites. As an additional degree of freedom, near-field effects between highly concentrated doped nanoparticles can enhance the Mie resonance of the low aspect ratio (AR = 0.2) meta-units. The surface lattice resonances (SLRs) of meta-filters can be coupled with enhanced Mie resonances of individual meta-units to realize tunable narrowband (FWHM ∼0.007λ) reflections with intensities near unity. Meanwhile, the polarization-selective properties of the reflection peaks can be tuned by optimizing the asymmetric lattice. Such proposed new-generation customizable meta-filters will offer, to our knowledge, novel strategies for filtering specific near-infrared polarized fluorescence in the integrated imaging systems.

Assessment of Calcaneal Spongy Bone Magnetic Resonance Characteristics in Women: A Comparison between Measures Obtained at 0.3 T, 1.5 T, and 3.0 T.

There is a growing interest in bone tissue MRI and an even greater interest in using low-cost MR scanners. However, the characteristics of bone MRI remain to be fully defined, especially at low field strength. This study aimed to characterize the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), T2, and T2* in spongy bone at 0.3 T, 1.5 T, and 3.0 T. Furthermore, relaxation times were characterized as a function of bone-marrow lipid/water ratio content and trabecular bone density. Thirty-two women in total underwent an MR-imaging investigation of the calcaneus at 0.3 T, 1.5 T, and 3.0 T. MR-spectroscopy was performed at 3.0 T to assess the fat/water ratio. SNR, T2, and T2* were quantified in distinct calcaneal regions (ST, TC, and CC). ANOVA and Pearson correlation statistics were used. SNR increase depends on the magnetic field strength, acquisition sequence, and calcaneal location. T2* was different at 3.0 T and 1.5 T in ST, TC, and CC. Relaxation times decrease as much as the magnetic field strength increases. The significant linear correlation between relaxation times and fat/water found in healthy young is lost in osteoporotic subjects. The results have implications for the possible use of relaxation vs. lipid/water marrow content for bone quality assessment and the development of quantitative MRI diagnostics at low field strength.

Key postnatal magnetic resonance characteristics for differentiating cystic biliary atresia from choledochal cyst.

To analyze the ability of magnetic resonance (MR) to identify cystic biliary atresia (CBA) and choledochal cyst (CC). Infants (≤ 1 year old) who were diagnosed with CBA or CC type I/IV from January 2010 to July 2023 were retrospectively reviewed. Imaging characteristics on MR were compared between the CBA and CC groups. Binary logistic regression and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) were analyzed for the identification of CBA. Sixty-three patients with CBA (median age, 30 days) and 172 patients with CC (median age, 60 days) were included. Gallbladder (GB) wall thickness (cutoff, 1.2 mm) showed 98.4% sensitivity and 100% specificity (AUC, 0.998). MR-triangular cord thickness (MR-TCT) (cutoff, 4.1 mm) showed 100% sensitivity and 95.9% specificity (AUC, 0.986). The bile duct loop visualization showed 96.8% sensitivity and 100% specificity (AUC, 0.984). Proximal bile duct (PBD) diameter (cutoff, 1.3 mm) showed 92.1% sensitivity and 95.3% specificity (AUC, 0.977). Cyst wall thickness (cutoff, 1 mm) showed 77.8% sensitivity and 95.3% specificity (AUC, 0.942). The combination of GB wall thickness > 1.2 mm and MR-TCT > 4.1 mm, GB wall thickness > 1.2 mm and loop visualization, GB wall thickness > 1.2 mm, and cyst wall thickness > 1 mm showed 100% sensitivity and 100% specificity (AUC, 1.000). Imaging characteristics on MR might be used to identify CBA and CC, and the combination of GB wall thickness and MR-TCT, or loop visualization, or cyst wall thickness, has a perfect diagnostic value. Early and accurate differentiation of CBA and CC is essential, but current methods rely on inherently subjective ultrasound. Biliary features on MRI allow for an objective, accurate diagnosis.