Political Characteristics Research Articles

Cooperation between the Russian Federation and Vietnam in the XXI Centuriy: SWOT Analysis of Features, Problems and Development Prospects

The paper presents research and analytical assessment of the important factors, problems and prospects of cooperation between Russia and Vietnam. The Asian region currently plays an important role in international relations due to its economic, political and demographic characteristics. The Socialist Republic of Vietnam One of the countries in the region that attracts attention from foreign business institutions. While making the analysis of the development of Russian-Vietnamese political and economic relations, the authors come to the conclusion that, despite the existing effective partnership in a number of sectors, the current state of economic cooperation between the two countries does not correspond to the level of political dialogue. The further development of economic relations not only corresponds to the national interests and strategic goals of Vietnam and Russia, but can positively impact the development of the region.

Characteristics of Extreme Right Politics in Latin America: Types and Drivers

Characteristics of Extreme Right Politics in Latin America: Types and Drivers

ROSJA W UKRAIŃSKICH MEMACH INTERNETOWYCH (OKRES WOJENNY 2022-2023)

This paper contains a linguistic analysis of visual messages published on the Internet (mainly on Ukrainian websites) in the period from the beginning of Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine on February 24, 2022 to mid-2023. The content of the messages reflects current war events in the form of comments satirical, less often humorous, within the framework of political discourse. Discourse in the context of this study is understood as a set of speech activities in the form of a dialogue or monologue, realizing a specific communicative goal under specific conditions or circumstances. During the description of the empirical material, the following components of the war discourse will be indicated: participants of the discourse, time and space, goals and strategies of action, values cultivated by the participants, which are the subject of reminiscence references, precedent texts and genre-specific linguistic units and constructions. The article consists of three parts. The first part contains the definition of an Internet meme, as well as the characteristics of this genre, including stylistic and media aspects. In the second part, I will present the structure of the war discourse, partly referring to the protest discourse. In the third part, I analyzed the empirical material, focusing on linguistic means and their historical, political and ideological characteristics. Material for the study was collected from February 2022 to June 2023 on Ukrainian websites, on YouTube, and on Telegram communicator blogs.

THE ESSENCE AND PROBLEMS OF DEFINING THE TERM «RURAL TERRITORY»

This article is devoted not to urbanized territories, but to rural territories. It turned out that when considering this term, there is a need for an in-depth study of the origins of the formation of the concept of "village". Historically, a village is both a diversity of resources and a place of production capacities and agricultural products. The village has always been a mirror of the spirituality of peoples, traditions and reflected its national exclusivity. The village is rich in natural biodiversity and cultural heritage. All this requires the need to study, develop and improve rural territories. But it turned out that in the Ukrainian legislation the concept of "rural territories" is not officially approved. The term is used in state acts, but its definition in the legal field is not officially. This concept has been studied by many scientists in different fields of scientific activity. The term "rural territories" is used in various concepts and development strategies, for example: "Draft Strategy for the Development of Agriculture and Rural Territories of Ukraine for the Period up to 2030"; in the legal field; in political slogans, etc. The term "rural territories" is used, but unfortunately, it has not yet been officially enshrined in law. And this has led to many problems, such as: confusion in the theoretical aspect, corruption schemes at the practical level, incorrect interpretation in regulatory documents, and with all this, the failure to allocate funds due to the uncertainty of the object, which leads to the decline of rural areas. But there is a fact of population migration from urbanized cities to the hinterland (villages, suburban areas, etc.). This is explained by poor ecology, the inadequate condition of Ukrainian cities, the development of viruses (Covid, hepatitis, etc.) in cities with a population of over a million, and military actions. Therefore, the article discusses some of the positive aspects of living in rural areas, and also studies the problems that a modern resident may face. Domestic and foreign researchers helped to understand the question of what "rural territories" are and what characterizes them. The article provides an interdisciplinary analysis of the definition of rural areas from different scientific points of view. There are many definitions in different countries. They vary depending on the economic, social, demographic and political characteristics of the states. In the article, we also gave our individual definition of the term "rural territories " from the point of view of a new look at town planning science. We consider it important to pay special attention to the development of rural areas in the urban development aspect. This study can help the Ukrainian Legislation and regulatory framework to achieve success in the tasks set on the topic of regional development. And it can also become a good foundation for subsequent scientific works.

Revisiting the theoretical foundations of depoliticisation: A Gramscian state theory approach for an era of crisis

Despite voluminous research on depoliticisation, there is relatively little analysis of the theoretical perspectives underpinning the literature. Recently, depoliticisation has been reconceptualised as a contingent process examined at increasingly granular levels. While this contextualist approach has underscored the political character of depoliticisation, it has often neglected underlying structural and macro-political context. This article offers three contributions to depoliticisation literature. First, it reviews recent approaches, arguing that contextualist understandings of depoliticisation have narrowed the analytical focus of the literature. Second, it provides a comparison of two of the main theoretical frameworks underpinning depoliticisation literature, Open Marxism and Constructivist Institutionalism. It examines how their theories of the state, politics, and crisis have led to highly distinct understandings of depoliticisation and evaluates the insights and limitations of each approach. Third, the article proposes a Gramscian state theory approach to provide a macro-political perspective to understand the instabilities unfolding in capitalist democracies today.

‘Taking the border out of politics’?: The 1973 Northern Ireland border poll and the political character of (de)politicisation

This article examines governing tactics which, prima facie, seek to remove issues from political contestation, yet utilise democracy in doing so. It explores this tension through the case of the 1973 Northern Ireland border poll. In the context of escalating violence and entrenched political conflict, the Heath government announced the poll alongside direct rule to ‘take the border out of politics’. Although the poll was consistently framed in terms of depoliticisation, it was increasingly viewed by both the government and the public as a means to reassure the unionist community of Northern Ireland’s status in the United Kingdom. This attempt to reassure the unionists exposed the political character of the strategy, strengthening the nationalist boycott campaign. However, this article argues that in reconfiguring legitimacy for the United Kingdom, the poll temporarily defused unionist concerns and allowed the UK government to claim Northern Irish citizens had a democratic right to self-determination.

Radical uncertainty and pragmatism: Threat perception and response

Abstract This article brings a pragmatic perspective to the analysis of threat perception in two important ways. First, as does the philosophical tradition of pragmatism, the article joins perception (or knowledge) together with response (action). Perception and response, knowledge and action, are inextricably linked as people learn through the creation of knowledge what is useful in the world. It is in this sense that pragmatists understand the perception and response to threats as evolved practices that are conjoined. Second, the paper explores threat perception and response under the condition of radical uncertainty. I explore the kinds of strategies leaders can use to respond to perceived threat in a context of radical uncertainty, the defining characteristic of contemporary world politics, and explore the advantages of pragmatic strategies that proceed to look for ‘what works in the world’ as provisional responses to perceived threats through iterative, ongoing experimental processes.

Trends in the Development of Mass Media in the Context of Modern Chinese Political Ideology

Mass media have historically played a crucial role in shaping societal values and advancing political ideologies. This study aims to identify the distinctive features of the ideological functions and political characteristics of Chinese media at various stages of their development. The object of the study is Chinese media as an instrument of state power and a mechanism of ideological influence. The subject of the study is the evolution of the ideological functions of Chinese mass media throughout different stages of their development. The research employs historical, comparative, systemic, and functional analysis. The novelty of the study lies in its comprehensive examination of the transformation of Chinese media through the lens of their political functions and ideological objectives. The study emphasizes that Chinese media play a pivotal role in promoting party ideals, ensuring political stability, and shaping international discourse. The key findings of the research are as follows: 1. The dynamic process of adaptation by Chinese media to changes in social and political conditions is evident. 2. The critical role of media in fostering public consensus and legitimizing governmental authority is highlighted. A notable contribution of the author is the systematic classification of the stages in the evolution of Chinese media—from complete politicization to more subtle forms of political activity, and eventually to re-politicization in the modern era. The study illustrates the uniqueness of China’s media system, which blends national and international objectives, thereby strengthening political order domestically and advancing the nation’s interests on the global stage. This research is valuable for scholars and political scientists studying the history of communication, the use of media to achieve political goals, agenda-setting, and political propaganda.

Sex Work Regulation Across 85 Nations: The Political Economy of Prostitution

Despite the popularity and efficacy of laws that criminalize consumers in the sex industry, adoption of such policies is slow and limited. In other cases, countries act to adopt legal frameworks that may leave sex workers unprotected from violence or harm. How do we explain such different choices across different countries? To address this, I undertake a political and economic view of sex work, which refers specifically to prostitution in this study, and subsequently investigate political and economic characteristics across 85 countries as factors that may affect their selection of different types of sex work policies. Furthermore, I examine the impact of diverse political value systems as well as economic conditions. The project employs a multinomial logistic regression model to examine the relationship between these factors and the adoption of five different sex work policies. The analysis of data demonstrated that total female participation in the labor force was the most influential factor, followed by civil liberties and political rights, across the countries included in the study.

Can Translation Alter Political Persona? The Case of the Rhetorical Repertoire of Obama and Trump Translated From English to Indonesian

As rhetoric in political speeches represents a particular persona that political figures strive to cultivate, that rhetoric should project the same image as the original when translated. Therefore, this study aims to explore the shifts in rhetorical strategy categories as seen in the translation of the political speeches of former U.S. Presidents Barack Obama and Donald Trump from English to Indonesian, how they affect message correctness, and how they may change the orator's political character. In multiple case studies covering the acceptance and inauguration speeches of both Obama and Trump, some rhetoric maintains their original identities. Moreover, there are five different shifts found in the rhetoric of their speeches: 1.) a shift from rhetoric to non-rhetoric; 2.) a shift from rhetoric to lost or deleted rhetoric; 3.) a shift from a particular type of rhetoric strategy to another; 4.) lessening rhetorical power or degree of the same strategy; and 5.) a shift of propositional message. Furthermore, the study reveals that retaining rhetorical categories in the translation results in higher accuracy, whereas any shift has the opposite effect, as it changes the original rhetorical message. As a result, this raises the possibility that a particularly rhetorical-style political identity may change if a large number of alterations occur.

Beyond the Ballot: Personal Political Brand Characteristics and Voting Intention in Nonparty Political Contexts – Insights from Bangkok

Understanding voters as consumers is a fundamental factor contributing to campaign success. This study aims to investigate whether personal political brand characteristics (PPBC) significantly influence voting intention (VI) and whether self-image congruence (SC) mediates this association within a nonparty context in a developing country, an area that has been relatively underexamined. Using a sample size of 465 Bangkok voters, the study reveals that personal political brand characteristics have a positive and significant effect on self-image congruence, subsequently leading to higher voting intention. Notably, competence and charisma emerge as crucial characteristics in this context. The findings of this study make a valuable contribution to the field of political marketing and offer practical insights for politicians, particularly political leaders, to strategically build their personal brands.

Parish transformations and revolution, or Reformation of the Unreformable

The author examines the monograph by A.L. Beglov, dedicated to the evolution of the church parish in the history of Russia, and focuses primarily on the turbulent period of the early 20th century. At that time, the issue of parish reform acquired an acute political character. Two points of view emerged, essentially diametrically opposed: public and synodal. According to the author of the article, the politicization of the issue blocked a constructive discussion of ways to resolve the problem.

Vote choice in the context of lethal police violence: A research note

Do police-caused deaths predict presidential vote choice in the US? This study explores the relationship between lethal police violence and vote choice in the 2020 presidential election using individual-level data from Harvard University's Cooperative Election Study (CES), which has been linked with aggregate-level data on police killings, civilian homicide rates, and socioeconomic, political, and public health characteristics. Consistent with the issue ownership theory of voting, this study finds that voters living in areas characterized by lethal police violence are significantly more likely to vote for the Democratic Party above and beyond their individual-level attributes and other contextual conditions. These findings and supplemental analyses raise critical questions concerning the political salience of fatal force in presidential races in the post-2020 era. Findings also support the need for further criminological inquiry into the effects of different forms of violence on American political behavior.

Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon: A Translation Analysis of Culture Load Words Through the Perspective of Post-Colonialism

Post-colonial translation theory examines translation research from a brand new view. It begins to take into account the factors outside of the text that affect translation. Said’s view reveals the political character of post-colonial translation. Homi K. Bhabha‘s third space theory has attracted wide attention due to its great view and inclusive spirit. The film Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon is a representative success of Chinese films in the international film field. The success of the film comes from both the rich Chinese culture and the naturalized translation strategy. Through case analysis, this article finds that in the process of subtitle translation of the Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon, the meaning of some cultural loaded words cannot be completely and comprehensively transformed. This is related to the characteristics of subtitle translation and also to the cultural habits of the target groups of the film. The article proposes that such a translation strategy is conducive to Chinese films to find a place in the market, but we can also find a balance between retaining the culture and seizing the market.

Атеизм в цифровую эпоху

The article examines the transformation of atheism as a social and worldview phenomenon in the era of digitalization. Atheistic forums and collective blogs represent a rich field for the study of non-belief; however, they have so far received only sporadic attention from religious scholars and philosophers. The article also presents the phenomenon of “new atheism”. Rather than a system of logical argumentation and classical rational critique of typical theistic arguments, this new atheism comprises a complex of rhetorical techniques aimed at a mass audience, often characterized by irrationality and focused on eliciting specific emotions towards believers rather than fostering an informed understanding of the subject of controversy. Atheism took root in the postmodern situation from its ends of metanarratives, the primacy of feelings over reason, pluralism of opinions and other characteristic features. Moreover, the Internet turned out to be an excellent platform for disseminating the ideas of “new atheism”, promoted by opinion leaders and bloggers, which is a characteristic form of propaganda for Internet media. Nevertheless, the scale of modern non-belief does not approach that of religious movements, nor does it reach the level of cohesion and political passion characteristic of the militant atheism of the 20th century.

IMPLEMENTASI PEMBELAJARAN AKIDAH AKHLAK DALAM MEMBENTUK KARAKTER SISWA KELAS VIII DI MTS NEGERI 2 SUKOHARJO

Learning moral aqidah is one of the curricula taught at secondary education level which has a big influence on students' behavior, both in school life and outside of school. This research aims to find out how moral learning is implemented in shaping the character of Class VIII students at MTs Negeri 2 Sukoharjo. The approach in this research is a qualitative approach, using descriptive case study research. This research was conducted at MTs Negeri 2 Sukoharjo using data collection techniques in the form of observation and interviews. Aqidah Akhlak learning is used as a media for the process of forming polite character in students. This is supported by the role of Aqidah Akhlak teachers in directing and cultivating good moral character so that in the future students become good individuals in society. The culture of shaking hands before entering class at MTs Negeri 2 Sukoharjo is an inspiration for the polite character of students who need to be emulated in the millennial era.

Assessing social equity of federal disaster aid distribution: A nationwide analysis.

In this study, we conduct the first comprehensive, nationwide assessment of social equity performance of multiple federal post- and pre-disaster assistance programs that differ in targeted recipients, project types, forms of aid, and funding requirements. We draw on the social equity and distributive justice theory to develop and test a set of hypotheses on the influence of program design and specificity on their aid distributional patterns and equity performance. The analysis uses panel data of about 3000 US counties to examine the relationship between a county's receipt of federal assistance and its recent disaster damage, socioeconomic, demographic, political, local government, and geographic characteristics in a two-stage random effects Tobit model. Expectedly, we find that post-disaster grants are largely driven by recent disaster damage, while damage is simultaneously influenced by local socioeconomic conditions. For all disaster programs, disproportionately more federal aid is allocated to populous counties. For programs geared toward state and local governments and targeting community recovery and mitigation, more aid is received by counties with better socioeconomic conditions. Conversely, for programs targeting individual relief and recovery, more aid is given to counties with lower incomes and greater social vulnerability. Results also indicate that counties located in high-risk regions receive greater outlays. These findings shed light on the varying degrees of social equity of federal disaster assistance programs tied to their cost-share requirement, funding caps, and inherent complexity of application procedures.

الإرهاب السياسي: دراسة اجتماعية تحليلية

Violence has roots that go deep into antiquity, and its use began with the second generation of humanity, when Cain killed his brother Abel, thus committing the first crime in human history. This prompted thinkers, psychologists, and sociologists to say that violence is an instinct inherent in the human self and associated with human nature in its tendency to control and impose influence and domination. There have been many studies that have dealt with the subject of violence and that have come to addressing the subject of terrorism, and we find many of these studies that have defined it, and we also find that some of these studies and some governments, organizations and political figures intentionally and unintentionally confuse in many cases the phenomenon of terrorism with other human phenomena and problems. Other violent forms, such as national resistance, armed liberation movements, political crime, war, and the crime of genocide. In this analytical study, we will determine when terrorism transforms and acquires a political character? By analyzing political terrorism sociologically. We take into consideration two basic elements of this problem. The first is the subject of the phenomenon of political terrorism, or to whom the violent act of political terrorism occurs, and the second is the goal or objectives of practicing the act of political terrorism.

Political communication from the standpoint of ideational turn: cognitive representation of the idea of Shanghai Cooperation Organization (in English)

The article examines the specifics of political cognition as a structural element of political communication. The main task of the study is to identify, in the conditions of an ideational turn, the characteristics of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization political and media axis, modeled in scientific and media publications and conditioned by different logic and political cognitions of the authors. The mediatization of modern political discourse makes it possible to consider ideology as a potential opportunity that creates grounds for organizing the institutional present through the symbolism recontextualization of the institutional past. The Argentine sociologist, anthropologist and semiotic, Professor of Communication Sciences at the University of San Andres, Elisio Verona’s position is recognized as a priority in understanding ideology. Critical linguistics is considered to be the most productive in terms of representing and describing the multiplicity of interaction between participants in political communication, balancing communication of political cognitions. In the conceptual modeling process, elements of political analysis are used, based on the appeal to ideas as causal variables. The research is carried out taking into account the importance of causal-constitutive logics, while causal logic is recognized as the priority logic of communication, with an orientation towards the idea as a focal point. The authors consider the idea of cooperation, which models the SCO’s institutional functions, through cognitive presentations in scientific and media sources, and ground its interpretation on the terminological and conceptual apparatus of Russian constructivism.

The Resurrection of the Political Offence Exception to Extradition in UK Law

The resurrection of the political offence exception to extradition in UK law would be worthwhile. Once providing protection to persons sought for offences of a political character, the exception was removed from UK law in 2004. A number of factors weigh in favour of its reintroduction. Those relevant at the time of its development in the 19th century have become increasingly relevant again, supporting contemporary considerations. The cases of Julian Assange and Clara Ponsati illustrate the need for reintroduction. A new exception, a ‘constitutionalism bar’, founded upon the rule of law, human rights and democracy could protect the foundations of modern liberal democracies as well as individuals at risk of persecution.