Plant genotypes significantly differ in their growth characteristics and dependence on arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi for maximum growth and productivity at a given soil fertility level. Therefore, we examined the mycorrhizal dependency and response of seven pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) genotypes (BRG–1, BRG–2, BRG–3, BRG–4, BRG–5, TRG–7 and Vamban–3) on native AM fungi. Plants of pigeon pea genotypes were grown in the presence and absence of native AM fungi for 45 days. At harvest, plant growth characteristics, root architecture, nodulation, AM fungal colonization, and plant nutrients were measured and nutrient uptake, nutrient use efficiencies and mycorrhizal dependency were calculated. The plant growth, root architecture, nodulation, and nutrient characteristics varied significantly among pigeon pea genotypes and were positively (except nutrient usage) influenced by AM fungi. The mycorrhizal dependency significantly varied among pigeon pea genotypes and ranged from 30.54% to 65.02%. The genotypes BRG–3 and BRG–4 were highly mycorrhizal dependent and accumulated maximum biomass under mycorrhizal conditions. Our results show that AM fungi in addition to improving plant growth and nutrient uptake can also modify the proportional allocation of biomass to shoot and root, root architecture, and nutrient use among pigeon pea genotypes.