Characteristics Of New Product Research Articles

Difference Game of Closed-Loop Supply Chain of Innovative Products with Discrete-Time Conditions

This paper aims to explore the impact of the purchase regret of consumers on dynamic closed-loop supply chains (CLSCs) under discrete-time conditions. Durable products are mostly traded under discrete-time conditions, and consumers tend to have different purchase regret psychologies during the trading process of different types of durable products (innovative or remanufactured). In addition, different purchase regret psychologies can affect the dynamic decision-making behaviour of the nodal enterprises in the supply chain, thus affecting the dynamic decision-making optimization sequence of the supply chain and nodal enterprises. Based on the traditional Bass model, this paper introduces the factor of consumer purchase regret psychology into the Bass model and constructs a model of a CLSC led by the manufacturer and followed by the retailer and recycler on the premise of heterogeneous characteristics of new products and remanufactured products. The optimal control theory of discrete systems is used to obtain the optimal decision sequence for each participant in the CLSC, when there is consumer regret psychology in the market. Then, the effects of consumer purchase regret psychology on the members of the CLSC at each stage are analysed. Finally, the conclusions are verified by using a numerical analysis. Compared to previous studies, the results further revealed the following: when the market share of brand new products is below 50%, the wholesale and retail prices are positively related to the regret psychology; while when they are above 50%, the wholesale and retail prices are negatively related to the regret psychology; the product sales and the manufacturers and retailers’ profits are negatively related to the regret psychology; purchase regret psychology does not affect the recyclers’ profits. To mitigate the negative consequences of the purchase regret psychology, manufacturers and merchants should completely grasp the market, enhance product quality, such that the price plan for the product is fairer.

The possibilities of using rosehip fruits in the potable kissels technology

Research on the development of the recipe and technology of potable kissels containing native biologically active substances through the use of rosehip fruits is presented. Five variants of new products from fresh and dried rosehips with the addition of sugar, potato starch, xanthan gum and citric acid were analyzed. It was found that the potable kissels containing at least 21.5 % fresh or 5.37 % dried rosehip fruits were the most appealing. The use of mechanoacoustic equipment in the manufacture of kissels leads to physical and chemical changes in the raw materials (partial destruction of the cell walls, the formation of new coloring substances, etc.), which positively affects the formation of organoleptic characteristics of new products, as well as reduces the technological operations of production and inhibits microorganisms. The consumption of 200 cm3 of new products provides the human body with at least 62% of the daily requirement for ascorbic acid and at least 66 % for β-carotene, as well as dietary fiber of at least 0.6 g and 11 mg of phenolic substances. The shelf life of rosehip potable kissels is 12 months in glass jars at 25 ° C and relative humidity of 75 % or higher and in a place protected from direct sunlight. On the basis of this research, normative and technical documentation for potable rosehip kissels was developed.

RESTORATION OF THE SIZE AND QUALITY OF PARTS BY COMBINED ELECTROPLATING

A new method for restoring parts that have uneven wear during the operation of products is proposed. The method includes a combined local application of the material in places of increased wear with the following galvanomechanical coating with a high-strength conductive material. The proposed technology makes it possible to expand the scope of effective application of complex-profile components in mechanical engineering and restore their operational properties. The mechanism of combined processing in the process of restoring the dimensions and properties of products is revealed. A methodology has been developed and a technological process for the restoration of metal production facilities has been designed. Examples of the effective use of the developed technological process of electrocontact restoration of cast parts, combined with plastic deformation of the applied surface layer, are considered. The generalized reference data and recommendations on the choice of objects of reconstruction, parameters and modes of processing of standard parts are given, the most frequently required repairs and maintenance of the operational characteristics of new products. Proposals have been developed for using the technology of combined restoration of parts to improve the quality indicators of products, which strengthens the manufacturer՚s position to ensure the competitiveness of the created machine-building technology.

Product and design feature-based similar process retrieval and modeling for mold manufacturing

The design, machining, and assembly processes used to manufacture molds are knowledge-intensive, costly, and time-consuming operations requiring considerable human resources. Mold manufacturing is a typical make-to-order system. The characteristics of new products (molds or products produced using molds) determine the process and resource plan for mold manufacturing. Therefore, it is essential to store and inherit knowledge regarding products or mold design and process planning. In this study, we extract product features from images of products. We measure the similarity between features of new products and those of products previously manufactured. The clustering method is used to search for similar processes and resources among previously manufactured products. Moreover, design characteristics such as mold type, structure, and size, obtained from design data, are used to support this search for similar processes and resources. Herein, we propose a framework for a similarity retrieval model based on results of the product and design feature extraction. Convolutional neural networks and an agglomerative hierarchical clustering algorithm are used to derive similar processes. Furthermore, we propose a semiautomatic procedure to construct a collaborative process model that includes product, process, and resource information. This collaborative process modeling supports the visualization and analyses of complex processes for new products. Through this study, we endeavor to construct a collaborative process model by formulating it as an optimization problem.

ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ УЧЕТА И ИЗМЕРЕНИЯ ЦИФРОВОЙ ЭКОНОМИКИ НА ОСНОВЕ ПРИЛОЖЕНИЙ СИСТЕМЫ НАЦИОНАЛЬНЫХ СЧЕТОВ (The Prospects for Accounting and Measurement of the Digital Economy Based on National Accounts Applications)

Russian Abstract: Данное исследование посвящено разработке подходов к оценке макроэкономических индикаторов, совокупной факторной производительности, производительности труда, капитала и других показателей в условиях цифровизации национальной экономики. В рамках исследования была применена методологическая база, основанная на положениях Системы национальных счетов ООН (СНС 2008), Европейской системы национальных счетов (ЕСНС 2010) и специализированных разработок международных организаций в области макроэкономической статистики и статистики цифровой экономики (ОЭСР, МВФ, Всемирный банк и др.). В работе осуществлено измерение и учет качественных характеристик новых продуктов с принципиально новыми параметрами, которые ранее не наблюдались и не учитывались в других товарах. Применение гедонического метода к данным (на примере рынка города Москвы) показало, что данный метод способен давать результаты, согласующиеся с выводами более ранних работ. Результаты исследования дают комплексную систему оценки социально-экономических эффектов цифровизации, а также ее долгосрочных последствий. Она может послужить основой для построения экономических прогнозов в сфере цифровой экономики при дальнейшей реализации экономической политики в России. English Abstract: This study is devoted to the development of approaches to the assessment of macroeconomic indicators, aggregate factor productivity, labor productivity, capital and other indicators in the conditions of digitalization of the national economy. The study applied a methodological framework based on the UN System of National Accounts (SNA 2008), European System of National Accounts (SNA 2010) and specialized developments of international organizations in the field of macroeconomic and digital economy statistics (OECD, IMF, World Bank, etc.). The work measured and accounted for the qualitative characteristics of new products with fundamentally new parameters that had not previously been observed or accounted for in other products. The application of the hedonic method to the data (on the example of the Moscow market) has shown that this method is able to produce results consistent with the conclusions of earlier works. The results of the study provide a comprehensive system for assessing the socio-economic effects of digitalization and its long-term consequences. It may serve as a basis for making economic forecasts in the field of digital economy in case of further implementation of economic policy in Russia.

Development of new cakes with introduction of non-traditional raw material enriched with mineral substances and vitamins

A significant disadvantage of cupcakes is the almost complete absence of important biologically active substances, in particular essential amino acids, essential fatty acids, macro-and micronutrients and vitamins. Therefore, the chemical composition of such products requires significant adjustment in the direction of increasing the content of these substances while reducing sugar and calories. The purpose of the study is a scientific and practical justification for improving the consumer properties of new cakes through the use of non-traditional raw materials and natural food additives. To improve the fatty acid composition of new products, the proportion of margarine in them was replaced by vegetable oils, which are safe and have a higher biological value. The change in the number of introduced natural additives in the formulation of new products affected the organoleptic characteristics. The share of whey and skimmed milk powder was in the range of 10–15 %. This amount of raw materials had a positive effect on the organoleptic characteristics of new products, and the increase – led to the loss of shape. The introduction of new products of non-traditional raw materials into the recipe also contributed to the growth of the content of mineral elements. New flour products have been developed – cupcakes with the introduction of non-traditional vegetable raw materials, milk processing products and vegetable oils (sesame oil, pumpkin oil and walnut oil), which are characterized by improved organoleptic and physicochemical parameters. The positive effect of non-traditional additives on the increase of the content of macro- and microelements and vitamins in new cakes in comparison with the control sample is proved, which influences the increase of satisfaction of the daily need for these nutrients.

Generating Realistic Users Using Generative Adversarial Network With Recommendation-Based Embedding

User data has been used by many companies to understand user behaviors and finding new business strategies. However, common techniques cannot be used when it comes to new products that have not yet been released due to the fact that there are no prior data available. In this work, we propose a framework for generating realistic user data on new products which can then be analyzed for insights. Our model uses Conditional Generative Adversarial Network (CGAN) with the Straight-Through Gumbel estimator which can also handle discrete-valued outputs. The CGAN is conditioned on product features learned using a recommendation system which can better capture the relationship between products. Experiments using a dataset consisting of view logs from a real estate listing website shows that our model outperforms other baselines on four performance metrics, and can effectively predict the finer characteristics of new products.

Parametric Models of the Product Novelty Assessment Through the Basic Structures Approach

The Achievement of essential consumer parameter values or the implementation of new functionality determines the degree of novelty of the product. However, issues related to the evaluation of technical and scientific novelty of experimental products remain open. This is due to different approaches in the formulation of the problem in terms of many parameters. One of the known approaches to quality assessment is the formation of options based on the basic structures. This approach is consistent with the practice of creating a new product based on a retrospective analysis of the basic structures in the selected problem area. Known, for example, models of functionally necessary and functionally sufficient structures, basic structures represented by the point of the multidimensional parameter space. An important complement to this approach is to take into account the constraints required to manage the quality of an innovation project. The process of improving the parameters of new products is halted by the existing limitations, both in scientific and technological progress and in the social environment. The paper proposes to determine the degree of change in the technical characteristics of new products in relation to the current analogue or adopted prototype. The set of technical and social requirements established for the product by the terms of technical requirements and normative documents determine the functional significance of new products. Models and methods of estimation of a product novelty achievability in the conditions of not completely clear requirements of the market are offered. The analysis of the degree of change of parameter values is performed using fuzzy logic and flexible calculations. The parametric model application allows, taking into account the existing limitations, to determine the required level of perspective novelty of products.

Hedonic preference for technological devices justified by utilitarian application

This study analyses consumer behaviour for bundled mobile phones, and tests the perception that integrated products have higher hedonic, rather than utilitarian, value. The study covers a variety of scenarios based on brand, price, and preference (hedonic or utilitarian) in the selection of mobile telecommunications devices. Two studies are developed on two specific themes: benchmarking of hedonic and utilitarian values according to consumers' current mobile phones, and hypotheses testing of consumer preferences related to hedonism/utilitarianism under the conditions of brand, price, and mobile characteristics (kind of convergence) proposed. This study enhances understanding of consumers' preferences and market tendencies according to their values related to hedonic and utilitarian characteristics converged in mobile devices. Thus, it has academic implications related to the theory of technology convergence according to the characteristics of new products that can lead to a combined hedonic, social, and utilitarian values perception. In terms of practical implications, the findings enhance comprehension for enterprises regarding which features/attributes, according to significance, are most closely related to the various scenarios that consumer are exposed to.

Hydrocarboaliminate calcium application in aluminum processing for production of special cement brands

The possibility of applying hydrocarboaliminate calcium, synthesized in aluminum processing for production of special cement brands as by-products in a complex processing of nepheline raw material, is justified in this article. Basic technical characteristics of new products are provided.

Metrics for Innovation of Product−the Basis for Continuous Improvement of an Organization

Innovation is becoming more and more important in modern society. There are a lot of researches on different kinds of innovation, product innovation is one of the most studied types of innovation and it refers to the development of goods or service characteristics or with intent to use which differs significantly from previous products made by the company. Innovative product includes significant changes in the technical specifications in components and materials, incorporated software, user friendliness or other functional characteristics. The study shows some key elements of product innovation that are worth paying attention when implementing product innovation projects. Examples of such key elements are the characteristics of new products or strategic options for launching a new product. Beside the key elements of product innovation, we also present some risks that may occur, such as cost, market uncertainty, information leakage, imitation and over depending on experience. By proposing a set of indicators to measure product innovation, the article offers solutions for product innovation implementation so that any organization can have a base for continuous achievement of optimal results.

Impact of Knowledge Type and Strategic Orientation on New Product Creativity and Advantage in High‐Technology Firms

As different types of knowledge may have different effects on new product positional advantage, knowledge portfolio management in concert with the firm's strategic orientation is indispensable for new product success. However, previous research has not dealt with the knowledge resources and strategic implementations that affect new product development (NPD). To fill in this gap, the current study focuses on two dimensions of knowledge type (knowledge complexity and knowledge tacitness) and two forms of strategic orientation (technological orientation and market orientation), which influence the positional advantages as determinants of NPD outcomes. Drawing on the resource‐based view, this study explains how these knowledge and strategic orientation variables influence new product creativity, which comprised the novel and meaningful characteristics of new products. Finally, it demonstrates how these two dimensions of new product creativity differentially provide product advantages in terms of customer satisfaction and product differentiation, which lead to superior new product performance. A conceptual framework is developed and the related hypotheses provided to incorporate the study variables and to test their relationships in a sample based on data collected from both marketing and project managers from 100 U.S. high‐technology firms.The model estimation results from path analysis demonstrate that reliance on knowledge of high tacitness harms meaningfulness, while reliance on knowledge of high complexity increases both novelty and meaningfulness of new product. As expected, market orientation and technological orientation improve the meaningfulness and novelty dimensions of the new product, respectively. New product novelty and meaningfulness are shown to enhance new product advantage in terms of product differentiation and customer satisfaction, both of which contribute to new product performance. It is also found that the combinative use of market orientation and knowledge complexity, and technological orientation and knowledge tacitness positively influence both the novelty and meaningfulness of new products. This study, using the product‐level analysis, contributes to the literature by clarifying how the firm's different knowledge properties and strategic orientations both play a role as a source of new product creativity, and how new product creativity, as a valuable and rare resource, enhances new product advantage. The study results suggest that project/product managers should increase the transferability and codifiability of unstructured knowledge by stimulating intraorganizational knowledge sharing among NPD team members, and that they should promote both technology and market‐orientated practices to fully develop creativity of new products.

Does the firm's market orientation behaviour influence innovation's success?

PurposeThis study aims to examine the relationship between a firm's market orientation, product innovation success and market performance.Design/methodology/approachData for the empirical research is obtained from a sample of innovative industrial enterprises based in Andalusia (Southern Spain), all of which were required to have introduced a new product in the preceding three years and to have more than 20 employees. Data collection was conducted by means of a postal survey of 294 firms. The respondents were either the director of the marketing department or the general manager. In all, 85 questionnaires were completed correctly by firms and included in the study, a response rate of 28.91 per cent.FindingsThe results support a positive relationship between market orientation and new product success, providing also partial confirmation of the moderating role of “product newness” in the relationship between market orientation and new product performance.Originality/valueThis work contributes to the literature as follows. First, it addresses the previously neglected question of the influence of MO on dimensions other than organisational performance (in the broad sense). The literature has suggested that MO improves the performance of innovations, but few studies have examined the relationship between MO and the characteristics of new products (such as degree of newness and success); nor have they examined the moderating role of degree of product newness. Second, the study provides empirical evidence that the relationship between MO and product innovation is influenced by the degree of product newness for the market (NM).

프리어나운싱 된 신제품 정보의 생동감이 인터넷커뮤니티 유저의 e-WOM와 인터넷 포스팅의도에 미치는 영향

현재 신제품 출시전에 인터넷 상에서 출시 전 제품에 대한 커뮤니케이션 활동인 프리어나운싱 활동이 활발하게 시행되고 있다. 특히 이러한 프리어나운싱 관련 정보들은 제품 관련 인터넷 커뮤니티에서 확산 되어지는 상황이다. 이에 본 연구는 신제품의 프리어나운싱 맥락에서 인터넷상에서의 신제품의 프리어나운싱 활동이 인터넷 유저들의 e-WOM(electronic word-of-mouth)에 미치는 영향을 살펴보고자 한다. 더욱이 현재 인터넷 커뮤니티 상에서 e-WOM 활동은 블로그, 트위터 등으로의 포스팅으로 연계되어 구전활동이 가속화되고 있는 상황에서 이러한 인터넷상에서의 포스팅 의도에 대한 신제품정보의 생동감의 영향을 살펴보면서, 특히 정보의 생동감을 외적인 생동감과 내적인 생동감의 차원으로 그 영향을 고찰하고자 한다. 연구 결과 신제품 정보의 외적인 생동감과 내적인 생동감이 인터넷 커뮤니티 e-WOM에 긍정적으로 영향을 미치고 있으며, 또한 인터넷 커뮤니티 내 e-WOM는 유저들의 웹포스팅의도에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. Recently, lots of corporations take effect preannouncing activity before launching new product as communication strategy. Preannouncing information of new product is diffused in internet community which relate to the product. This study notes the effect of external vividness and internal vividness among information characteristics of new product to e-WOM(electronic word-of-mouth). The author aims to identify how to trigger intention of e-WOM on preannounced new products, and external vividness and internal vividness of determinants of e-WOM and intention of internet posting. The main findings are that external vividness and internal vividness positively influence e-WOM in internet community, and the e-WOM positively affects intention of internet posting.

A Two-Phase New Product Introduction Model

A new approach that combines neural network and 0-1 programming was proposed. Based on the lifecycle analysis, the characteristics of new products can be divided into four categories with different benefit curves and parameters. A neural network is used to classify the new product and the 0-1 programming model is then developed and used to determine what products to be introduced into marketplace. Numerical example is given finally to show that this model is effective for firms.

THE ROLE OF ONLINE BRAND COMMUNITY IN NEW PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT: CASE STUDIES ON DIGITAL PRODUCT MANUFACTURERS IN KOREA

The focus of this study is on how online brand communities are utilised throughout the new product development (NPD) process by promoting communications between firms and communities. We investigate leading MP3 player manufacturers and mobile phone handset manufacturers in Korea. The results of our case studies show that the roles of online brand communities vary along the NPD stages — from trendsetters (lead users) to innovation facilitators (users as innovators), and information disseminators (early adopters). These communities can help firms gain insight into customer needs, desirable characteristics of new products and trends for future development. Furthermore, various inputs from online brand communities can stimulate firms' internal communication among several departments involved in the NPD. Finally, this study suggests the extended research model and generates hypotheses on the roles and impacts of online brand communities.

Innovative products on the internet: the role of trust and perceived risk

The emergence of e-commerce has brought a new opportunity for selling new products on the internet. However, little research has been conducted to analyse the implications of product innovativeness on purchase intention and other related variables such as perceived risk and website trust. The intrinsic characteristics of new products and the open nature of the internet as a transaction infrastructure can enhance the positive or negative relationships between these variables. The aim of our investigation is to assist organisations in their innovative initiatives through a survey among 1396 internet customers. According to our results, firms selling innovative products on the internet should take into account not only the positive implications on purchase intention or website trust, but also the negative consequences that can arise from the increase in customer-perceived risk. This study has proven important recommendations from academic and managerial points of view.

New product introduction planning using a 0–1 semi-infinite programming model

A quantitative approach to screen products to the market was proposed. Product life cycles describe the whole process from new products introduction through trial production to the point when it is phased out. In theory, product life cycles go though four stages including introduction, growth, maturity and decline. However, there are very few practical products following such a prescriptive cycle. Based on product family analysis, the characteristics of new products can be classed into four categories with respective benefit curves and parameters. The curve parameters of each type can be determined according to the data derived from market prediction. A 0–1 semi-infinite programming (0–1 SIP) model was presented to describe the problem of new products introduction. An inexact approach to 0–1 semi-infinite programming was recommended for the model solution. Examples with numerical results indicate the potential industrial applications of the proposed approach.

The dynamic behaviour of a system that includes a rolling bearing

To enable a reduction of cost and time-to-market, fast and accurate predictions are required of the dynamic characteristics of new products in the earliest stage of design. A growing number of these new products have rotating components, which are supported by rolling element bearings. Although ball and roller bearings have a significant and complex contribution to the dynamic behaviour of machinery, they are often subjected to rigorous assumptions in the case of modelling. At present many bearing models still fail to describe adequately the stiffness of the outer (and inner) rings and the actual stiffness and mass distribution of the connecting bearing housings, the time-dependent variations of the bearing stiffness (parametric excitation), the damping in the elastohydrodynamically lubricated contacts and the vibrations generated by form deviations. Therefore, a new method is presented, which accurately describes the time-dependent stiffness and mass properties of a rolling bearing application in an efficient way. The method enables a full transient analysis to study the effect of time dependent system properties, form deviations and mounting errors. Also the damping in ball and roller bearings is assessed, by comparing the results of advanced numerical simulations with experimental data. The new modelling method is used to investigate how damping and parametric excitation interact in a real bearing application. The increased level of accuracy that is obtained with the present method is elucidated by validation measurements.

Satellite-UMTS traffic dimensioning and resource management technique analysis

The universal mobile telecommunications system (UMTS) will consist of space UMTS (S-UMTS) and terrestrial UMTS (T-UMTS) components. An algorithm for predicting the traffic capacity in terms of the number of subscribers for the satellite component of UMTS is presented. The algorithm takes into account the takeup characteristics of new products, the growth of gross domestic product (GDP), the projection of population, the tariff of the service, and price fall over the forecast period. The predicted traffic is used to generate a traffic grid in terms of Erlang of dimension 36/spl times/72 in steps of 5/spl deg/ in both the latitude and longitude directions. The traffic grid is used to evaluate the performance of a dynamic channel allocation (DCA) technique as, well as a fixed channel allocation (FCA) technique. Both channel allocation techniques have been considered with the queuing of handover (QH) requests. In order to compare the respective techniques' performance, a low-earth orbit mobile satellite system (LEO-MSS) mobility model is developed to take into account the effect of satellites' motion during interbeam handovers. A theoretical model for obtaining the values of blocking probabilities for low-traffic loads is presented. Finally, the performance of the DCA-QH technique is compared with the FCA-QH technique under suitably defined traffic and mobility conditions.