Characteristics Of Mobile Devices Research Articles

Mobile Cloud Computing with SOAP and REST Web Services

Mobile computing in conjunction with Mobile web services drives a strong approach where the limitations of mobile devices may possibly be tackled. Mobile Web Services are based on two types of technologies; SOAP and REST, which works with the existing protocols to develop Web services. Both the approaches carry their own distinct features, yet to keep the constraint features of mobile devices in mind, the better in two is considered to be the one which minimize the computation and transmission overhead while offloading. The load transferring of mobile device to remote servers for execution called computational offloading. There are numerous approaches to implement computational offloading a viable solution for eradicating the resources constraints of mobile device, yet a dynamic method of computational offloading is always required for a smooth and simple migration of complex tasks. The intention of this work is to present a distinctive approach which may not engage the mobile resources for longer time. The concept of web services utilized in our work to delegate the computational intensive tasks for remote execution. We tested both SOAP Web services approach and REST Web Services for mobile computing. Two parameters considered in our lab experiments to test; Execution Time and Energy Consumption. The results show that RESTful Web services execution is far better than executing the same application by SOAP Web services approach, in terms of execution time and energy consumption. Conducting experiments with the developed prototype matrix multiplication app, REST execution time is about 200% better than SOAP execution approach. In case of energy consumption REST execution is about 250% better than SOAP execution approach.

Accurate Sybil Attack Detection Based on Fine-Grained Physical Channel Information.

With the development of the Internet-of-Things (IoT), wireless network security has more and more attention paid to it. The Sybil attack is one of the famous wireless attacks that can forge wireless devices to steal information from clients. These forged devices may constantly attack target access points to crush the wireless network. In this paper, we propose a novel Sybil attack detection based on Channel State Information (CSI). This detection algorithm can tell whether the static devices are Sybil attackers by combining a self-adaptive multiple signal classification algorithm with the Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI). Moreover, we develop a novel tracing scheme to cluster the channel characteristics of mobile devices and detect dynamic attackers that change their channel characteristics in an error area. Finally, we experiment on mobile and commercial WiFi devices. Our algorithm can effectively distinguish the Sybil devices. The experimental results show that our Sybil attack detection system achieves high accuracy for both static and dynamic scenarios. Therefore, combining the phase and similarity of channel features, the multi-dimensional analysis of CSI can effectively detect Sybil nodes and improve the security of wireless networks.

Opportunistic disaster recovery

Disaster scenarios require different recovery solutions such as evacuation guidance, to perform the right action for wounded persons and efficiency diffuse useful alert for locating trapped survivors. These latter are constrained mainly by the infrastructure‐less environment caused by the disaster damage (e.g. storm, earthquake). Exploiting opportunistic communications to design recovery solutions presents a promising solution. However, several constraints are encountered, mainly, the multi‐network assortment integrated in mobile equipment and the limited and various battery powers of mobile devices. This work presents a cooperative‐based solution, COPE, that exploits the multi‐network feature of mobile devices and takes the various power levels into account. COPE allows the coverage of a large area for a longer time while guaranteeing an important alert delivery.

Exploiting Semantic Web Services in the Development of Context-Aware Systems

Nowadays, web services have become increasingly used and deployed in view of the benefits that they offer. Thus, the increasing of providers and service offerings as well as the features of mobile devices has made the selection of relevant services a difficult operation. In addition, the information related to the user, called context / situation, became very useful for the implementation of the eloquent choice of the sought-after functionalities. In this paper, we present a comparative study of semantic web services and service discovery approaches. Then we propose the model of a context-aware semantic service with their process of implementation. We also highlight the discovery algorithm based on the concept of context / situation.

Evaluating pre-service teachers' acceptance of mobile devices with regards to their age and gender: a case study in Greece

The unique characteristics of smart mobile devices have the great potential to enrich the teaching and learning experience. A number of studies have indicated that the successful pedagogical use of technology depends on teachers' attitudes and acceptance towards technology. The purpose of the present paper attempts to examine teachers' background variables, such as age and gender, with respect to whether and to what extent they influence the use of mobile devices in class. The Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) was used as the core framework for analysis while additional constructs were added in order to find and understand teacher acceptance of smart mobile devices better. Data were collected from 125 pre-service teachers who were studying in a one-year programme of pedagogical training in Greece. Results revealed that pre-service teachers have positive opinions about mobile devices. There is no gender and age difference regarding the purpose for using smart mobile devices. Implications of the findings and limitations along with future research directions are also discussed.

As transformações no radiojornalismo no ecossistema móvel: uma radiomorfose possível

This article analyzes characteristics of the journalistic narrative in the TSF Radio News app, from Lisbon, Portugal, compared with that of the radio station website. From a theoretical and methodological framework, radio journalism mutations founded on the logics of the mobile ecosystem were identified. In the app of the radio station TSF, the contents analyzed in the sample revealed that the radio narrative was still not adapted from the web version to the mobile version. The incorporation of multimediatic narratives occurs, but the content has simply been transposed into the app. Thus, the radio station may also explore the technical characteristics of mobile devices, being able to adapt its radio journalistic content production even more to the logics of the digital ecosystem, especially to the demands of mobile usage.

Malware Detection Techniques for Mobile Devices

Mobile devices have become very popular nowadays, due to its portability and high performance, a mobile device became a must device for persons using information and communication technologies. In addition to hardware rapid evolution, mobile applications are also increasing in their complexity and performance to cover most needs of their users. Both software and hardware design focused on increasing performance and the working hours of a mobile device. Different mobile operating systems are being used today with different platforms and different market shares. Like all information systems, mobile systems are prone to malware attacks. Due to the personality feature of mobile devices, malware detection is very important and is a must tool in each device to protect private data and mitigate attacks. In this paper, analysis of different malware detection techniques used for mobile operating systems is provides. The focus of the analysis will be on the to two competing mobile operating systems - Android and iOS. Finally, an assessment of each technique and a summary of its advantages and disadvantages is provided. The aim of the work is to establish a basis for developing a mobile malware detection tool based on user profiling.

MATEM: A unified framework based on trust and MCDM for assuring security, reliability and QoS in DTN routing

The research work presented in this paper aims at finding new ways of ensuring security, pervasive reliability and Quality of Service (QoS) to Delay Tolerant Network (DTN) routing while exploiting the functionality and characteristics of mobile devices in a hostile networking environment. The final outcome is a unified framework, called “Multi-Attribute Trust Evaluation and Management” (MATEM), which can be flexibly integrated with a large family of existing routing protocols to ensure secure, reliable and pervasive communication over a hostile DTN. The effectiveness and robustness of MATEM against different security metrics, viz., attack detection, false positive and false negative rates are assessed in the presence of bad-mouthing, good-mouthing, and selfish attacks. The framework efficiency is also evaluated through extensive simulations study and a comparative analysis with other existing frameworks are carried out in terms of different routing metrics, viz., message delivery ratio, delivery latency, and delivery cost. Furthermore, a user experiment is conducted to investigate the impact of MATEM on a real testbed forming a DTN environment. Results generated from simulations and the real testbed verified the usability and user acceptance of MATEM in DTN.

QoE-Oriented Rate Allocation for Multipath High-Definition Video Streaming Over Heterogeneous Wireless Access Networks

Global mobile video traffic is predicted to grow explosively in the near future and high-definition (HD) video streaming applications are increasingly prevailing over the mobile Internet. To optimize the transmission performance of HD video streaming applications over the heterogeneous wireless access networks, multipath video streaming that exploits the multihoming features of mobile devices is proposed as a potential solution. However, the delivery of HD video has much higher bitrate and more stringent delay constraint than other services. It is thus challenging to transfer HD video through wireless networks. Conventionally, multipath video streaming is optimized by the video distortions or other network-level quality-of-service parameters, which do not correlate well with the human visual perceptions. To address this problem, we first propose a novel quality-of-experience (QoE) prediction model to prefer the QoE values of different rate allocation scenarios over heterogeneous wireless access networks. Then, the rate allocation problem over heterogeneous wireless networks is formulated as a nonlinear optimization problem of maximizing the perceived video quality at the receiver. A relaxing function called penalty function is exploited to transform the rate allocation problem into an unconstrained optimizing problem and the pattern search method is adopted to obtain the close-to-optimal solution in each rate allocation session. The extensive simulation results show that our proposal significantly improves the QoE in terms of mean opinion score compared with the reference schemes.

Energy-efficient algorithms for data retrieval from indexed parallel broadcast channels

The advances in mobile device and wireless communication techniques have enabled anywhere, anytime information access. Information being accessed, whether structured or unstructured, can be classified into three categories: private data, shared data, and public data. Private and shared data are usually accessed through on-demand-based services, where user request is pushed to the server(s) and response to the request is generated and passed to the user (i.e., two way communication). Public data, on the other hand, can be most effectively disseminated using broadcasting technique (i.e., one way communication). In broadcasting, server(s) generates the broadcast contents and disseminate it through the air channel. The mobile user in search of public data, tunes to the air channel and pulls the desired information. The characteristics of mobile device and limitations of wireless communication technology pose challenges on broadcasting strategy as well as data retrieval algorithms. To reduce the access time and power consumption, major research issues include indexing techniques and data organization on air channel, broadcasting over single and parallel channel(s), data distribution and replication strategy, conflict resolution, and data retrieval methods This article is intended to articulate these challenges, propose several solutions, and through comprehensive simulation demonstrate the validity of the proposed solutions.

A Comparison of Cloud Execution Mechanisms: Fog, Edge and Clone Cloud Computing

A Comparison of Cloud Execution Mechanisms: Fog, Edge and Clone Cloud Computing

Examination of factors influencing students and faculty behavior towards m-learning acceptance

PurposeMobile learning is a unique form of learning which uses the distinct features of mobile devices. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the present state of student and faculty perception towards m-learning at open and distance educational institutes in Pakistan.Design/methodology/approachThe paper presents a conceptual model based on TAM, which explains factors influencing student and faculty perception towards m-learning acceptance. M-learning acceptance mainly depends on personal attitude, so this study focusses on individual context. Primary data from students and faculty including tutors (n=612, students =448, faculty/tutors=162) was collected through a properly designed questionnaire by using purposive convenient sampling technique during Autumn 2015 semester. Structural equation modelling was used to analyse the collected data.FindingsThe results indicate that student and faculty skill readiness and self-efficacy influence perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness, where these two factors along with prior experience positively influence behavioural intension (BI) to accept mobile learning. Furthermore study results specifically provide factors which positively influence BI either directly or indirectly.Research limitations/implicationsThe study was limited to AIOU.Originality/valueThe study specifically provides factors which influence BI either directly or indirectly.

Study on the Malfunction Characteristics of Mobile Device by AC High Electric Field

Due to the development of technology, core technologies and information leakage of companies through mobile devices are increasing. Therefore, Various researches on electronic devices and IC elements protection technologies have been conducted. In the case of high frequency electromagnetic waves, it is harmful to the human body and damages electronic devices, making it difficult to apply them to real life. In this study, we investigated the characteristics of malfunction of shooting and recording function of smartphone near 20kHz which is audible frequency, not electromagnetic wave of high frequency band. Experimental results show that the camera is touched arbitrarily or the focus of the camera is changed. It can be applied to various industrial technology fields in the future.

Who signs up for NFC mobile payment services? Mobile network operator subscribers in Germany

Abstract Near field communication (NFC) mobile payment systems (MPS) enable customers to use their smartphones for over-the-counter payments instead of cash or magnetic strip cards. To date, worldwide the use of NFC MPS is still a niche application but, at the same time, it is growing quickly. Research exploring how NFC MPS users differ from non-users is scarce and mostly limited to future behavioral intentions instead of actual use behaviors. Therefore, the present study explores how 677 real NFC MPS users of the German business unit of a large mobile network operator differ from 677 non-users in terms of socio-demographic and mobile-device characteristics, mobile communication behaviors and the availability of merchants with NFC terminals in the neighborhood of their place of residence. NFC MPS users were likely to be male and older subscribers who were equipped with a larger-screen smartphone, generated higher mobile Internet traffic, held a music streaming service subscription, paid lower monthly bills for mobile communication services and lived in a residential area with a higher number of merchant NFC terminals. Furthermore, we shed light on how use predictors are related to the timing of subscribers’ NFC MPS use starts. Early users tended to be equipped with a highly-priced smartphone whose display screen was nevertheless smaller, used a music streaming service and generated lower monthly communication service bills. Implications for practitioners and scholars are drawn from the results.

The empirical study of impact critical security factors of mobile applications on technology acceptance model

Mobile device application is the next important product of this boom, so with the various characteristics of mobile devices, it has rapid and sustained growth, attracting many mobile device users to download and use. The study by the consumer point of view explores security key factors of consumers’ mobile device applications, of which are related to technology acceptance model. With integrated perspective, it explores the influence of key factors on perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, use attitudes and behavior intentions. AMOS software was used in this study to verify the theoretical model, and the 367 valid samples were conducted to achieve an empirical analysis. The results show that APP safety critical factors have partial positive significance on consumer perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use. Perceived usefulness positively affects use attitudes; perceived ease of use positively impact use attitudes; use attitudes have positive effect on behavioral intention. However, perceived usefulness can not directly influence the behavioral intention. Therefore, perceived usefulness can influence the behavioral intention by enhancing use attitudes of consumers. In other words, the use attitudes become important mediated variables of perceived usefulness to influence the behavior intension. Finally, according to research findings, the study recommends some suggestions for the relevant vendor management practices on managing phone applications and services, and also for academic references.

Mobile Augmented Reality Survey: From Where We Are to Where We Go

The boom in the capabilities and features of mobile devices, like smartphones, tablets, and wearables, combined with the ubiquitous and affordable Internet access and the advances in the areas of cooperative networking, computer vision, and mobile cloud computing transformed mobile augmented reality (MAR) from science fiction to a reality. Although mobile devices are more constrained computationalwise from traditional computers, they have a multitude of sensors that can be used to the development of more sophisticated MAR applications and can be assisted from remote servers for the execution of their intensive parts. In this paper, after introducing the reader to the basics of MAR, we present a categorization of the application fields together with some representative examples. Next, we introduce the reader to the user interface and experience in MAR applications and continue with the core system components of the MAR systems. After that, we discuss advances in tracking and registration, since their functionality is crucial to any MAR application and the network connectivity of the devices that run MAR applications together with its importance to the performance of the application. We continue with the importance of data management in MAR systems and the systems performance and sustainability, and before we conclude this survey, we present existing challenging problems.

Malware Detection Techniques for Mobile Devices

Mobile devices have become very popular nowadays, due to is portability and high performance, a mobile device became a must device for persons using information and communication technologies. In addition to hardware rapid evolution, mobile applications are also increasing in their complexity and performance to cover most the needs of their users. Both software and hardware design focused on increasing performance and the working hours of a mobile device. Different mobile operating systems are being used today with different platforms and different market shares. Like all information systems, mobile systems are prone to malware attacks. Due to the personality feature of mobile devices, malware detection is very important and is a must tool in each device to protect private data and mitigate attacks. In this paper, we will study and analyze different malware detection techniques used for mobile operating systems. We will focus on the to two competing mobile operating systems – Android and iOS. We will asset each technique summarizing its advantages and disadvantages. The aim of the work is to establish a basis for developing a mobile malware detection tool based on user profiling.

Results from MICHE II – Mobile Iris CHallenge Evaluation II

Mobile biometrics represent the new frontier of authentication. The most appealing feature of mobile devices is the wide availability and the presence of more and more reliable sensors for capturing biometric traits, e.g., cameras and accelerometers. Moreover, they more and more often store personal and sensitive data, that need to be protected. Doing this on the same device using biometrics to enforce security seems a natural solution. This makes this research topic attracting and generally promising. However, the growing interest for related applications is counterbalanced by still present limitations, especially for some traits. Acquisition and computation resources are nowadays widely available, but they are not always sufficient to allow a reliable recognition result. Most of all, the way capture is expected to be carried out, i.e., by the user him/herself in uncontrolled conditions and without an expert assistance, can heavily affect the quality of samples and, as a consequence, the accuracy of recognition. Among the biometric traits raising the interest of researchers, iris plays an important role. Mobile Iris CHallenge Evaluation II (MICHE II) competition provided a testbed to assess the progress of mobile iris recognition, as well as its limitations still to overcome. This paper presents the results of the competition and the analysis of achieved performance, that takes into account both proposals submitted for the competition section launched at the 2016 edition of the International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR), as well as proposals submitted for this special issue.

Evaluation of a channel assignment scheme in mobile network systems

AbstractThe channel assignment problem is a complex problem which requires that under certain constraints a minimum number of channels have to be assigned to mobile calls in the wireless mobile system. In this paper, we propose a new scheme, which is based on double band frequency and channel borrowing strategy. The proposed scheme takes into account factors such as limited bandwidth of wireless networks and the capacity of underlying servers involved in processing mobile calls. It aims to ensure end-to-end performance by considering the characteristics of mobile devices. This is achieved by determining the position of users (or mobile stations) in wireless mobile systems. The proposed scheme is simulated in order to investigate its efficiency within a specific area of a large city in Saudi Arabia. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed scheme significantly improves the performance of mobile calls as well as reduces the blocking when the number of mobile call increases.

Hardware/Software Co-Design of Memory Page Translation for Mobile Virtualization

Virtualization has been a well-studied topic for traditional servers. As the demand for the support of virtualization on mobile devices emerged, it again became a popular research topic. However, most research work focused on the applications of mobile virtualization. Detailed knowledge of the characteristics of mobile devices is still lacking. In this paper, we focus on the memory management of mobile virtualization, and propose an optimized page translation oPT with hardware/software co-design. The usage pattern of mobile devices is also considered in the design so it is optimal in terms of the hit ratio of the second stage. The variability of translation time in the second stage is eliminated to provide nearly the same behavior as the non-virtualized architecture. We verify the correctness and feasibility of oPT with a formal proof and a comprehensive evaluation based on both software emulation and hardware implementation. The results indicate oPT can outperform the most popular method. The number of memory accesses is reduced by 51.38 to 56.01 percent, and the average translation time is reduced by 78.63 percent. In addition, the power consumption of the hardware unit in oPT is only about one third that of the traditional method.