Integral Characteristics Research Articles

Design and Synthesizing of Hemoglobin-Based Multifunctional Fibers for Improved Carbon Monoxide Absorption Rates

This study is aimed at developing advanced materials for carbon monoxide (CO) capture by producing hemoglobin (Hb)-based electrospun multifunctional micro- and nanofibers blended with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). Unlike conventional CO trapping materials such as activated carbon, ammoniacal cuprous chloride, zeolites, and metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), Hb/PVP fibers leverage the simplicity and scalability of electrospinning to produce continuous, defect-free flexible fibers with tunable micron- to nanoscale diameters. The process enables precise control over fiber morphology, surface area, porosity, and hydrophilicity, providing significant advantages for optimizing CO adsorption rates. Moreover, the inclusion of Hb introduces a biomimetic advantage through its intrinsic CO-binding affinity, offering higher specificity and interaction potential compared to traditional physical adsorption or chemical frameworks. Experimental results revealed that fibers with 8 wt.% PVP exhibited the smallest and most uniform diameters, while higher PVP concentrations (16, 32 wt.%) enhanced hydrophilicity, with complete water absorption occurring within 400 and 200 seconds, respectively. Structural and compositional analyses using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) confirmed the integrity and chemical characteristics of the fibers. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) established their thermal stability, with critical transitions at approximately 80 ℃ (denaturation) and 200 ℃ (decomposition). Degradation was observed between 200 and 430 ℃, corresponding to significant weight loss. These findings demonstrate the potential of Hb/PVP fibers as exceptional alternatives for CO capture. This study may open new possibilities for increasing the absorption rate of highly porous fibers for toxic CO capture in the bloodstream and address other related concerns.

Staging analysis of multiscale damage-failure transition in a carbon fiber material under static and cyclic loading based on integral characteristics of micro-tomography data

Staging analysis of multiscale damage-failure transition in a carbon fiber material under static and cyclic loading based on integral characteristics of micro-tomography data

The level of consciousness development and positivity as integrating indicators of human characteristics

The study addresses the issue of indicators by which it is advisable to evaluate people from the point of view of how they differ not in general, but what exactly allows them to achieve different levels of life results. A person and his or her consciousness are considered as information systems that develop throughout life by changing software. It is proposed to accept the level of development of consciousness and its positivity as the most general indicators of consciousness, the human soul. Moreover, the level of development reflects not only the information component, but also the energy disclosed and accumulated by the soul, its strength, the possible power and speed of the consciousness as the main part of the soul. The level also determines the possible complexity of decisions made by a person. It is based on aspirations, followed by knowledge, qualities, habits, abilities, and talents. The level of development of consciousness reflects not only the content of information, but also the skill of its presentation, the energy of the soul, and its power. Positivity is seen as the degree to which the available information and energy comply with the laws and ideals of the Cosmos (the Universe, the World, the Creator). In essence, it is the quality of realization of the laws of relations - to oneself, to others (relationships) and to the surrounding World. In this sense, positivity shows how thinking and actions comply with the laws of spirituality, revealing the correlation in the mind between correct beliefs and false ones, in other words, the distinction and realization of the principles of good and evil. Positivity is based on a system of values. A person chooses the appropriate system of values - in essence, he or she chooses the beliefs, the state in which he or she lives, and the fate that corresponds to them. The peculiarity is that values differ by levels of development. A particular person's value system can be positive, negative, or mixed, and it can be appropriate to the level or not. Assessment of the soul by these indicators allows a person to understand himself (his soul) and others, build relationships correctly, and avoid mistakes and disappointments as a result of unmet expectations. The article suggests areas of application of integral human characteristics in the education system. The first place should be given not only to information that broadens the horizons and forms a general idea of the world, but also to knowledge that forms the spiritual core of a person, universal values, strength of mind and body, and shapes a Human with a capital H - a personality in the highest sense.

Design of Meta-surface Lens Combining with Pupil Filter

Metasurface lenses are miniature flat lenses that achieve precise control of the phase, amplitude, and polarization of incident light by modulating the parameters of each unit on the substrate. Compared with conventional optical lenses, they have the advantages of small size, light weight, and high integration, and are the core components of photonic chips. Currently, the hot topics for metasurface lens are broadband and achromatic devices, and there is still little attention paid to the resolution improvement. To break through the diffraction limit and further improve the focusing performance and imaging resolution of metasurface lenses, we use unit cells to perform multi-dimensional modulation of the incident light field. Specifically, in this paper, we combine phase modulation of metasurface lens with a pupil filtering for the first time, which has been widely applied in traditional microscopy imaging and adaptive optics, and has demonstrated powerful resolution enhancement effects. The fusion of these two technologies will continue to improve the imaging performance of metasurface lenses and expand their application fields.<br>In this article, we firstly design a single-cell super-surface lens composed of a Silicon nanofin array and a silica substrate as a benchmark for comparing the performance of fused super-surface lens. The lens achieves an ideal focal spot for incident light at 633 nm, resulting in a FWHM of 376.0 nm. Then, a three-zone phase modulating pupil filter was proposed and designed with the same aperture of metasurface lens, which has a phase jump of 0-π-0 from inside to outside of the aperture. From the simulation results, the main lobe size of the focal spot has been compressed obviously. In the optimization, its structural parameters were scanned for the best performance, and the optimal set of structural parameters was selected and applied in the fusion metasurface lens. Finally, the fused metasurface lens was designed by combining the metasurface lens with the three-zone phase modulating pupil filter, and the FWHM of its focal spot was compressed to 323.4 nm (≈0.51λ), which is not only 15% smaller than original metasurface lens’s FWHM of 376.0 nm, but also much smaller than the diffraction limit of 0.61λ/NA (when NA=0.9, it is approximately 429.0 nm). This result preliminarily demonstrates the super-resolution performance of the fused super-surface lens. With the comprehensive regulation of multi-dimensional information, such as amplitude, polarization, and vortex, the fused super-surface optical lens will achieve more excellent super-resolution focusing and imaging performance, and will also be widely used in the fields of super-resolution imaging, virtual reality, and 3-D optical display, due to its characteristics of high resolution, high integration, and high miniaturization.

Evolution of Surface Integrity Characteristics and Mechanical Behavior of Diamond Burnished and Turned AISI 304 Steel Specimens After Prolonged Exposure to Natural Seawater

This article presents results on the evolution of surface integrity, microstructure, mechanical characteristics, fatigue strength, and wear behavior of AISI 304 steel specimens after prolonged exposure (up to 746 days) to a natural seawater environment, specifically near the port of Varna, Bulgaria. The samples, having different shapes and sizes according to the respective tests, were divided into two main groups based on the finishing process: fine turning (FT) and diamond burnishing (DB). Additionally, fatigue FT specimens were polished to meet the standard requirements. Some of the cylindrical samples from both groups were heat-treated to dissolve the car-bides. No significant improvement in the corrosion resistance of the heat-treated samples (FT and DB) was observed compared with untreated samples after 746 days of immersion in seawater. Overall, all types of DB specimens showed less mass loss (indicating a higher corrosion resistance), higher static and fatigue strength, greater plasticity, and greater wear resistance than the corresponding FT specimens. Notably, pitting corrosion was observed on all specimens, as well as trac-es of intergranular corrosion in some FT specimens. The hardening DB effects have a complex impact on corrosion activity. The increases in dislocation density and the surface and internal energy of the subsurface layers intensify the nucleation of corrosion centers in the surface layers; however, the refined fibrous structure and significant reduction in the roughness slow down the development of corrosion. Therefore, the implementation of DB as a smoothing process will re-duce the surface energy, and hence will lead to further increases in corrosion resistance.

Tellurium/Bismuth Selenide van der Waals Heterojunction for Self-Driven, Broadband Photodetection and Polarization-Sensitive Application.

Broadband detection technology is crucial in the fields of astronomy and environmental surveying. Two dimensional (2D) materials have emerged as promising candidates for next-generation broadband photodetectors with the characteristics of high integration, multi-dimensional sensing, and low power consumption. Among these, 2D tellurium (Te) is particularly noteworthy due to its excellent mobility, tunable bandgap, and air stability. However, the performance of the Te-based photodetector has been hindered by high dark current and cut-off wavelength limitations associated with its intrinsic bandgap. Here, the Te / bismuth selenide (Bi2Se3) van der Waals (vdWs) p-n heterojunction with a clean interface and type-II band alignment, designed to address these challenges are presented. The Te/Bi2Se3 heterojunction photodetectors demonstrate an ultra-broadband photodetection range from Ultraviolet (UV)to Mid-infrared (MIR) (365 nm-4.3µm) and a high responsivity up to 880mA W-1 at 1550nm under zero bias. Moreover, benefiting from the anisotropy crystal structure of Te, the photodetector shows an obvious polarization-sensitive photoresponse and enormous potential in optical communication and polarization imaging. This work hereby provides significant insight into low-powered, high-performance, and broadband vdWs heterojunction photodetectors and their functional applications.

Prognostic value of macular neovascularisation characteristics for photoreceptor integrity in nAMD: a prospective observational study

PurposeTo explore the relationship between characteristics of macular neovascularisation (MNV) and photoreceptor integrity in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD).MethodsThis prospective study enrolled treatment-naïve nAMD eyes and conducted a...

Essential Characteristics of Subjective-Professional Position of Future Teachers

Introduction. This article presents the survey of current approaches to the investigation of the gist of the professional subjective position of future teachers. There some of the topical issues of the problem of differences of the target position of present-day educators and future pedagogues, and the development of their status are under discussion in terms of quasi professional activities. Goal. To substantiate theoretical specifics of the subjective-profession statement of a future teacher, to define its elements, and to describe its typology. Methodology and methods of the investigation. In the process of the study, the content of current Scientific Scholarship, i.e. articles, monographs and dissertations, on the problem under consideration within the last five years reflect the basis for conducting the content analysis. The analytical review of scientific literature of related sciences (pedagogy, psychology, sociology) and its comprehensive analysis focuses on the idea of current comprehension of the phenomenon of the “subjective-professional position of a teacher”, its structure and content. The results of the study. In this research the subjective-professional position of the personality of a future teacher, is interpreted as the integrative characteristic of the personality, reflecting a selective, initiative-responsible, transformative attitude towards the personality identity, to people, to their professional activity. The subjective-professional position of a future teacher covers the following structural components as cognitive, motivation-value, affective, regulatory-activity. According to the current status of these components, one can state the type of subjective and professional position of a future teacher as a contemplative-conformist position, a functional-effective position, a position of self-expression, a position of self-affirmation, a creative-transformation position. The subjective and professional position of a future teacher differs significantly from the subjective and professional position of an experienced educator. Conclusion. Thorough analysis of current Scientific Scholarship has given grounds for the statement that there are a lot of definitions for essentially the same phenomenon. Since the phenomenon under consideration is a complex, multidimensional psychological and pedagogical phenomenon, modern researchers focus on some specific facet of this phenomenon. As a result, we have the concepts of “pedagogical position of a teacher”, “professional and personal position of a teacher”, “subjective-professional position of a teacher”, and some other options that have appeared.

MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF THE DYNAMICS OF THE AEROELASTIC "PIPELINE – PRESSURE SENSOR" SYSTEM

This paper proposes mathematical models of mechanical systems "pipeline - pressure sensor" designed to control the pressure of the working medium in the combustion chambers of engines. In such systems, to mitigate the impact of vibration accelerations and high temperatures, the sensor is connected to the engine using a pipeline and is located at some distance from it. The movement of the working medium is described by linear models of fluid and gas mechanics. To describe the dynamics of an elastic sensitive element, linear models of the mechanics of a solid deformable body are used. Based on linear differential equations with partial derivatives, mathematical formulations of problems are proposed that correspond to three-dimensional models of pressure measurement systems in gas-liquid media for some pipeline cross-sectional shapes, namely, for a pipeline with a rectangular cross-section, with a section in the form of a sector and in the form of a ring. By introducing integral characteristics, the solution of problems is reduced to studying one-dimensional models. Equations have been obtained that make it possible to determine the pressure of the working medium in the combustion chamber at each moment of time by the value of deformation of the sensitive element of the sensor. Analytical and numerical-analytical methods for solving the corresponding initial-boundary value problems for systems of differential equations are proposed. In the analytical approach, the solution of the problem is reduced to solving a differential equation with a deviating argument. The numerical-analytical study of the problem is based on the application of the Galerkin method. Also, a numerical experiment was carried out and examples of calculating the deformation of the sensitive element of the sensor in the case of rigid fastening when specifying specific values of the mechanical parameters of the system are presented, also during setting the law of change in the excess pressure of the working medium in the engine.

THE PROBLEM OF PEDAGOGICAL ABILITIES IN FOREIGN PSYCHOLOGY IN THE 1980S

The article discusses the problem of pedagogical abilities in psychology. Foreign publications of the 1980s on this issue are analysed. The following research areas are highlighted: abilities as conditions for the formation of teachers’ readiness for professional activity; various types of pedagogical abilities; self-efficacy as an integral characteristic of the qualities and abilities of a teacher. Theoretical and methodological foundations for developing the problem of pedagogical abilities in foreign psychology of the studied period are determined - sociological, organisational, pedagogical and psychological approaches.

Research on Improving the Teaching Quality of International Students in Universities from a Convergence Perspective

As the internationalization process of higher education in China continues to accelerate, the convergence-based educational management of international and Chinese students has become an inevitable trend. The original "separated" educational management model is gradually evolving towards a "convergence" educational management model. Establishing work goals with an "international perspective, Chinese-foreign integration, local action, and Chinese characteristics," and conducting conceptual innovation and practical exploration of convergence-based educational management, is a beneficial attempt by Chinese universities to implement convergence-based education management for Chinese and international students.

Investigation of Urban–Canal–Rural Integration Characteristics Based on Multidimensional Connectivity Network Analysis: A Case Study of the Canal in Jiangsu Province, China

Investigation of Urban–Canal–Rural Integration Characteristics Based on Multidimensional Connectivity Network Analysis: A Case Study of the Canal in Jiangsu Province, China

Design, Fabrication, and Performance Testing of PMMA Interference Screws Prepared by 3D Printing Methods

The Interference screws are one type of device that is often used in ACL reconstruction surgery. These devices are made of strong materials such as titanium or bioabsorbable materials. However, the use of PMMA (polymethyl methacrylate) as a material for the production of interference screws has not been widely explored. PMMA is commonly used in biomedical applications such as orthopedics and bone tissue engineering. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the structural integrity and performance characteristics of PMMA-based interference screws fabricated by utilizing three-dimensional (3D) printing techniques. The interference screw fabrication was carried out by adjusting the nozzle temperature, bed temperature, and print speed on the 3D printing machine to 240oC, 100oC, and 30 mm/s, respectively. The tests conducted in this study include torque, density, and fracture surface analysis. This study found that the density of the PMMA and commercial interference screws met the density requirements for cortical bone. However, the PMMA interference screw had a lower density than the commercial interference screw. The PMMA and commercial interference screws had densities (g/cm3) of 1.10 and 1.31, respectively. The mechanical properties of interference screws increase with increasing density. The PMMA interference screw achieved only 41% of the PFT (peak failure torque) exhibited by the commercial interference screw. In addition, the PMMA interference screw only meets the clamping criteria, while the commercial interference screw has met the good clamping criteria. The results of surface fracture analysis showed that the PMMA and commercial interference screws had ductile and brittle properties.

Conditional Immortalization Using SV40 Large T Antigen and Its Effects on Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Differentiation Toward Retinal Progenitor Cells.

Current treatments for retinal degenerative diseases are limited and cell replacement therapies, in tandem with a supportive biomaterial scaffold, serve as a promising emerging option. However, the development and in vitro testing of these therapies require large quantities of human retinal progenitor cells (RPCs) to thoroughly assess the impact of material properties, culture conditions, and surgical parameters on cell survival and fate to refine and optimize this approach. Although induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are an ideal cell source for human RPC derivation, large-scale production is resource-intensive and requires specialized expertise. In this study, our objective was to address this barrier by creating conditional, Tet-On SV40-T immortalized RPCs derived from human iPSCs. In our approach, we employ the Tet-On system to conditionally immortalize RPCs by inducing a SV40 large T (SV40-T) antigen, a gene known to influence cell cycle regulation and differentiation. We transduced human iPSCs with the Tet-On SV40-T system and analyzed their proliferation and RPC differentiation capabilities in the presence and absence of doxycycline (a tetracycline class of antibiotics). Our results revealed that while SV40-T immortalization increased cell proliferation, it adversely impacted the expression of crucial RPC markers (PAX6, SOX2, CHX10), leading to a significant loss of RPC identity and multipotency. This de-differentiation was irreversible, even after removing doxycycline, indicating permanent alterations in differentiation potential. Overall, this study highlights the challenges associated with generating and maintaining an immortal human RPC cell line, particularly with respect to balancing proliferation and differentiation. Our findings prompt further research into optimizing conditional immortalization techniques, culture conditions, and proliferation timing to maintain the integrity and functional characteristics of RPCs. Such advancements are crucial for reducing labor and costs associated with in vitro testing of therapeutics as we work toward the development of improved stem cell-based interventions for retinal disease.

Radio-frequency ion thruster with magnetic shielding of the discharge chamber walls

We presented the results of a computational study on optimizing the shape of the main elements of a radio-frequency ion thruster – the discharge chamber and the ion-extraction system grids. The possibility of improving the integral characteristics of thrusters and ion sources due to the use of an additional magnetostatic field in the RF discharge region was considered. The performed series of calculations made it possible to determine the optimal geometry of the discharge chamber and of the RIT ion-extraction system grids, as well as the configuration of the additional magnetic field, at which the best values of the integral characteristics were achieved.

Effects of balance training with visual input manipulations on balance performance and sensory integration in healthy young adults: a randomized controlled trial.

Although balance training can improve balance across various populations, the underlying mechanisms, such as how balance training may alter sensory integration, remain unclear. This study examined the effects of balance training with visual input manipulations provided by virtual reality versus conventional balance training on measures of postural sway and sensory integration during balance control. Twenty-two healthy young adults were randomly allocated into a balance training group (BT) or a balance training with virtual reality group (BT + VR). The BT received traditional balance training, while the BT + VR additionally received visual manipulations during the 4-week balance training to elicit sensory conflicts. Static balance was measured in the form of center of pressure (COP) sway speed in trained (eyes open) and untrained (eyes closed) balance conditions. A model-based analysis quantified the sensory integration and feedback characteristics of the balance control mechanism. Herein, the visual weight quantifies the contribution of visual orientation information to balance while the proportional and derivative feedback loop-gains correct for deviations from the desired angular position and angular velocity, respectively. Significant main time effects were observed for the visual sensory contribution to balance (p = 0.002, [Formula: see text] = 0.41) and for the derivative feedback loop-gain (p = 0.011, [Formula: see text] = 0.29). Significant group-by-time interactions were observed for COP sway speed in the untrained task (p = 0.023, [Formula: see text] = 0.23) in favor of BT + VR and in the proportional feedback loop-gain, with reductions only in the BT + VR group (p = 0.043, [Formula: see text] = 0.2). BT + VR resulted in larger performance improvements compared with traditional BT in untrained tasks, most likely due to reduced reliance on visual information. This suggests that the systematic modulation of sensory inputs leads to enhanced capacity for motor adaptation in balance training.

Superior Conductive, Large Diameter CNT Composite Yarn of Insulative Polymer: Inferences of a Unidirectional Compression‐Stretching Technique

ABSTRACTLarge diameter yet highly conductive Carbon Nanotube (CNT) yarn could have prospective control on high‐tech application field spanning from electronic devices to wearable textiles; although the development of such macroscopic CNTs is extremely challenging. Especially, while fabricating CNT composite yarn with polymer, insulative nature of polymeric materials inherently propagates poor electrical conductivity to CNT yarn. To address this, we have proposed an exciting approach to fabricate large dimension, highly conductive yet flexible CNT‐Thermoplastic Polyurethane (TPU) composite yarn through unidirectional compression‐stretching process. Our technique allowed TPU molecules to be well dispersed into inner and inter‐CNT bundles facilitating well flexibility while the simultaneous functions of pressure and tension allowed more closely packed CNTs network within densified CNT yarn reducing the inherent voids and contact resistance. The consequent yarn possessed high conductivity of 1613 S/cm, attractive mechanical performance (tensile strength 1.3 GPa, Young's modulus 12 GPa, toughness 100.75 MJ/m3), exceptional anti‐abrasive ability (up to 46,350 cycles) endowing its multidirectional adaptability for smart textiles. Moreover, the desirable E‐heating performance together with excellent electrical stability allows successful exploitation of the prepared CNT yarn as stretchable heater. Such amazing integrated characteristics may allow the resultant yarn to replace traditional carbon fiber in various high‐tech arena as well.

Exploring Innovative Paths for Professional Development of University Teachers in the Context of Interdisciplinary Integration

University education as an important cradle of talent cultivation in Chinese society, the professional ability and level of teachers also play an important role in the social supply of talent, in order to further enhance the effect and quality of talent cultivation in colleges and universities, it is necessary to vigorously promote the professional development of teachers, so as to create a high-quality teaching staff, to meet the social development of the demand for excellent talents. Interdisciplinary integration is an important path to promote teachers' professional development, which not only enables teachers to carry out educational teaching from an interdisciplinary perspective, but also enables teachers to refine their professional ability and strengthen their teaching level, so as to accomplish the task of training talents in colleges and universities in a higher quality. Therefore, in the paper, the concept and characteristics of interdisciplinary integration are analyzed in depth, its specific impact on teachers' professional competence and professional identity is analyzed, and finally an innovative path to promote the professional development of university teachers is proposed, which is used to help colleges and universities to create a high-quality professional teacher team.

Multilevel modeling and control of dynamic systems

The underlying changes of complex dynamic systems are affected by numerous highly interdependent components with nonlinear interactions and cannot be suitably predicted by merely analyzing their individual parts. Recent technological developments (reducing the size of actuators and sensors, increasing speed and productivity) make it possible to monitor and handle systems on time, even during transient processes. In many practical applications, to effectively study rapidly evolving systems, their structure has to be examined at three levels: Micro-Scale (Short-Term), Meso-Scale (Intermediate-Term), and Macro-Scale (Long-Term). This multiscale framework provides a powerful tool for understanding and managing the intricate dynamics of complex systems. Macro-scale and micro-scale approaches are conventionally utilized in general system modeling and control theory, especially within the fields of networked control and multi-agent systems. By leveraging the meso-scale perspective, it is possible to balance detailed component analysis with overarching system behaviors, thereby enhancing the efficiency and effectiveness of operational strategies in complex systems. This paper presents and discusses a formal meso-level depiction of dynamics and control, assuming a finite number of attractors form and remain stable over time progress. Integral characteristics and dynamics of clusters are defined, simplifying control synthesis while maintaining problem formulation. A significant challenge is the model error due to changing cluster structures linked to randomized estimation and optimization algorithms valid under unknown disturbances. To demonstrate the practicality of this framework, the approach is applied to control tasks of a group of robots, leading to scalable and effective control strategies.

Reliability Analysis of Complex Structures Under Multi-Failure Mode Utilizing an Adaptive AdaBoost Algorithm

A reliability analysis can become intricate when addressing issues related to nonlinear implicit models of complex structures. To improve the accuracy and efficiency of such reliability analyses, this paper presents a surrogate model based on an adaptive AdaBoost algorithm. This model employs an adaptive method to determine the optimal training sample set, ensuring it is as evenly distributed as possible on both sides of the failure curve and fully contains the information it represents. Subsequently, with the integration and iterative characteristics of the AdaBoost algorithm, a simple binary classifier is iteratively applied to build a high-precision alternative model for complex structural fault diagnosis to cope with multiple failure modes. Then, the Monte Carlo simulation technique is employed to meticulously assess the failure probability. The accuracy and stability of the proposed method’s iterative convergence process are validated through three numerical examples. The findings of the study illuminate that the proposed method is not only remarkably precise but also exceptionally efficient, capable of addressing the challenges related to the reliability evaluation of complex structures under multi-failure mode. The method proposed in this paper enhances the application of mechanical structures and facilitates the utilization of complex mechanical designs.