Characteristics Of Gamblers Research Articles

Online Gambling: A Tantalizing Game with Risks that Drain Fortunes and Futures

Online gambling has become an increasingly serious problem in Indonesia, affecting not only individuals but also social structures more broadly. This study aims to examine the prevalence and characteristics of online gambling among Indonesian adolescents and university students and find challenges and strategies in dealing with this problem. The data were analyzed using theme analysis, and the findings show that online gambling is a complex problem influenced by various factors, including ease of access, social influence, and financial incentives. This research shows that a comprehensive approach is needed in dealing with online gambling, involving the government, law enforcement, and civil society organizations. The findings suggest that public education and awareness campaigns are crucial in preventing online gambling, and law enforcement should be equipped with effective resources and technology to monitor and block online gambling activities. This research contributes to the existing literature by providing insights into the experiences and perceptions of Indonesian adolescents and university students who engage in online gambling. The findings also indicate the importance of a multi-faceted approach in dealing with online gambling, including the development of alternative recreational activities and the provision of counseling services for those affected by gambling addiction.

Nudge theory and gambling: a scoping review.

Gambling disorder (GD) is a pressing public health concern with significant societal costs. The recently developed nudge theory, which is rooted in behavioral economics, aims to influence the decision-making behaviors of individuals by implementing changes in the environment. This scoping review aims to synthesize the literature on nudge theory as it relates to gambling. This scoping review accords with the Arksey and O'Malley framework, as refined by Levac et al. It includes only articles from peer-reviewed journals that focus, as main themes, on both nudge theory and gambling. The final study selection includes six articles. The scoping review process led to studies explaining how (1) nudges aim to prod people toward healthier gambling choices, fostering the adoption of more responsible gambling practices, and (2) some gambling features, called dark nudges (or sludges), exploit and harm the decision-making processes of people who gamble. This scoping review highlights the fact that many stakeholders are involved in the field of gambling, and that better cooperation between them would promote safer and more responsible gambling practices. Future research is also needed to empirically test nudges to develop a better understanding of their impact on those who gamble.

Too Young to Gamble: Long-term Risks from Underage Gambling

The increasing availability of gambling opportunities worldwide has the potential to impact youth gambling behavior and the prevalence of gambling-related harm. This paper studies whether starting gambling at an early age (i.e., below the minimum legal gambling age) increases an individual’s likelihood of suffering some kind of gambling-related harm in the future. Data taken from the Study on the Prevalence, Behavior and Characteristics of Gamblers in Spain provide information on respondents’ gambling starting age and assess gambling risk based on criteria established by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Estimates from an ordered probit model suggest that starting to gamble while under the minimum legal age is associated with a higher likelihood of problem gambling.

Trend and Online Gambling Risk: An Emerging Criminality Problem Against Youth

The involvement of youth in online gambling cases not only shows a trend of social deviation but also has the potential to form increasingly massive criminal behaviour. However, this phenomenon has not been comprehensively discussed in previous studies. In addition to responding to the shortcomings of previous studies, this study also focuses on explaining the characteristics, factors, and implications of the trend of online gambling against youth on the potential for the formation of increasingly massive criminal behaviour. This study is descriptive qualitative by using a netnography approach. This study shows three important findings regarding the trend and risk of online gambling on the problem of criminality against youth. First, the characteristics of online gambling that are popular against youth, apart from appearing with various types of games, the involvement of youth is also not a few players and even bookmakers of online gambling. Second, the reasons underlying youth to be actively involved in online gambling cases are more influenced by structural factors than cultural factors. Third, the behaviour formed by youth who are actively involved in online gambling cases, apart from going beyond deviant behaviour, has also increased the problem of increasingly massive criminality. This study also recommends the importance of future studies that explain the reception of law enforcement and the community in interpreting the trend of deviant behaviour against youth by conducting in-depth and more intensive interviews.

Can Investor Sentiment Explain the Abnormal Returns of Volatility-Managed Portfolio Strategy? Evidence from the Chinese Stock Market

ABSTRACT This study develops a theoretical model to capture volatility-managed portfolios’ risk-adjusted returns affected by investor sentiment, and uses Chinese A-share market data to analyze the volatility-managed effect based on the small-minus-big (SMB) factor and explain the abnormal returns of volatility-managed portfolios from the investor sentiment perspective. Our results show that the Sharpe ratio of the SMB factor significantly increases after volatility management, especially in low-sentiment periods. Moreover, the mechanism analysis shows that in low-sentiment periods, small-cap stock investors overreact to volatility compared to large-cap stock investors, making the SMB factor significantly positively correlated with lagged volatility. Additional analyses show that volatility-managed portfolios constructed through stocks with gambling characteristics can achieve higher abnormal returns, and the abnormal returns of volatility-managed portfolios cannot be corrected by arbitrage traders as arbitrage is ineffective, reflecting the immaturity of China’s emerging capital market.

Overview of The Characteristics of Online Gambling Among Adolescents in Kajar Village

Online gambling has the meaning of gambling that can be done through online platforms such as sites or online game applications that have the smell of gambling. With the convenience due to technological developments, it has also become easier for people to do online gambling. Online gambling as one of the negative technological developments in the electronics sector needs to be addressed from various angles because the impact is returned to its users, especially teenagers. The characteristics of adolescents who gamble online vary, so the purpose of this study is to describe the characteristics of adolescents who gamble online. The type of research used is quantitative research with a descriptive approach. The data collection used is to distribute a checklist of observations related to the description of the characteristics of online gambling. The results of the study of 30 respondents to the Characteristics of Online Gambling in Adolescents showed that the respondents who did online gambling on average graduated from high school as many as 18 respondents (60%), were male (93.3%), with an age range of at most 20 -22 years (66.7%), the type of gambling played is higgs domino (73.3%), and gambling using capital from their own work (93.3%). Many teenagers consider online gambling behavior normal.

Family Factors and Personal Characteristics of Gambling in Students from Seventh to Eleventh Grade of the Instituto Experimental La Asunción, Lechecuagos, León, III Quarter

Family Factors and Personal Characteristics of Gambling in Students from Seventh to Eleventh Grade of the Instituto Experimental La Asunción, Lechecuagos, León, III Quarter

A Network Approach of Gambling Disorder Profile with and Without Related Illegal Acts

AbstractGambling disorder (GD) is a complex mental health condition that can cause many severe psychological, physical, and social impairment. Illegal acts have been recognized in quite a few cases because of the debts related with the gambling activity. This study used network methodology to visualize the relationships among patients seeking treatment for gambling related problems, separately for the patients with and without illegal behaviors. The aim is to identify the diverse and differentiate mechanisms, as well as the central nodes, that occur within GD patients depending on the presence/absence of illegal acts. The sample included N = 401 patients (age range 18 to 80 years). Network analysis was performed considering the nodes that measure gambling features (the core symptoms based on the DSM-5 taxonomy, global symptom severity, and forms of gambling), psychopathology distress, substance use (tobacco, alcohol, and illegal drugs), and personality traits. Two separate networks were adjusted for patients with illegal acts (n = 105) and without these behaviors (n = 296). The most relevant nodes among patients with GD plus illegal acts were self-transcendence and the GD DSM-5 symptom “A7-lies to conceal the extent of gambling” (these variables were also identified as the bridge nodes, those with the highest linkage capacity). Among the patients with GD without illegal acts, the node with the greatest authority was the GD DSM-5 symptom “A5-often gambles when feeling distressed” (this was also the variable with the highest linkage capacity). The study provides empirical evidence of the most relevant features and the linkage capacity among patients seeking treatment for problematic gambling, which can support the development of precise plans for treatment and prevention of the risk of GDRIA.

A Portrait of Gambling Behaviors and Associated Cognitive Beliefs Among Young Adolescents in Italy

AbstractGambling disorder is a highly prevalent behavioral addiction in young adults. Accordingly, data on the prevalence of gambling as experience and problem gambling as at-risk behavior among adolescents are necessary, due to the increase in gambling behavior and its implications in recent years. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and characteristics (i.e., cognitive beliefs and knowledge of risk) of gambling among Italian adolescents.A cross-sectional survey analyzed gambling behavior, related cognitive beliefs, and knowledge of the gambling context in a large sample of Italian adolescents, differentiating gambling activities per se and problem gambling as a risk for addiction. Data from 4825 Italian 15-year-olds showed that the prevalence of regular gamblers (i.e., experiencing frequent gambling experience in the last 12 months) was 6.4%, and that of adolescents who played at least once in the last 12 months was 52%. The regular and at-risk gamblers who reported critical scores in the Gambling Related Cognitions Scale declared higher knowledge of gambling and worse cognitive beliefs than both non-gamblers and occasional gamblers.Prevalence data and descriptive outcomes of this study suggest the importance of further analyzing the gambling phenomenon among adolescents. The increasing intensity of gambling engagement and compulsive gambling highlights the clinical need to address youth addiction through structured primary and secondary prevention programs.

Addiction substitution and concurrent recovery in gambling disorder: Who substitutes and why?

When individuals recover from gambling disorder, their involvement in other potentially addictive substances and behaviors may also subsequently increase (substitution) or decrease (concurrent recovery). The objectives of this study were to identify and compare recovery processes associated with substitution and concurrent recovery in gambling disorder. A mixed-method study was conducted with 185 people who were recovered from gambling disorder. Semi-structured interviews were used to: (i) establish onset and recovery of gambling disorder as well as other substance and behavioral addictions; and (ii) assess processes (e.g., reasons, emotional state, helpfulness) associated with addiction substitution and concurrent recovery. Participants also completed a survey assessing demographic characteristics, gambling behaviors, and psychological characteristics to compare demographic and clinical differences between participants who engaged in addiction substitution, concurrent recovery, or neither (controls). The most frequently reported reason for engaging in addiction substitution was as a substitute coping mechanism. The most reported reason for engaging in concurrent recovery was due to the addictions being mutually influenced. Negative emotional states were common when engaging in both addiction substitution and concurrent recovery. Although the three groups did not differ on gambling characteristics, addiction substitution was associated with greater underlying vulnerabilities including childhood adversity, impulsivity, emotion dysregulation, and, maladaptive coping skills. Transdiagnostic treatments that target the underlying mechanisms of addictions may reduce the likelihood of engaging in addiction substitution.

Psychological intervention for gambling disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Increasingly, gambling features migrate into non-gambling platforms (e.g., online gaming) making gambling exposure and problems more likely. Therefore, exploring how to best treat gambling disorder (GD) remains important. Our aim was to review systematically and quantitatively synthesize the available evidence on psychological intervention for GD. Records were identified through searches for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating psychological intervention for GD via six academic databases without date restrictions until February 3, 2023. Study quality was assessed with the revised Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials (RoB2). Primary outcomes were GD symptom severity and remission of GD, summarized as Hedges' g and odds ratios, respectively. The study was preregistered in PROSPERO (#CRD42021284550). Of 5,541 records, 29 RCTs (3,083 participants analyzed) were included for meta-analysis of the primary outcomes. The efficacy of psychological intervention across modality, format and mode of delivery corresponded to a medium effect on gambling severity (g = -0.71) and a small effect on remission (OR = 0.47). Generally, risk of bias was high, particularly amongst early face-to-face interventions studies. The results indicate that psychological intervention is efficacious in treating GD, with face-to-face delivered intervention producing the largest effects and with strongest evidence for cognitive behavioral therapy. Much remains to be known about the long-term effects, and investigating a broader range of treatment modalities and digital interventions is a priority if we are to improve clinical practice for this heterogeneous patient group.

Gambling-like Features in fan Tokens

Fan tokens are a form of cryptocurrency that allow owners to participate in various fan-related experiences such as voting on the music to be played during half-time breaks in sporting events. Since 2020, many elite sport teams have issued fan tokens, allegedly as a way to engage with fans and hear their voice. However, fan tokens also raise some concerns. They are largely gamified digital items that intend to keep fans within the providers’ app. Also, they can be traded in exchange platforms, which arguably transform them into collectibles, whose value can vary over time. Here, we explore fan tokens through a case study from a football (soccer) club (i.e., an F.C. Barcelona fan token). Drawing on literature from situational and structural characteristics of gambling, we analyse the gambling-like features that fan tokens include in their product design. Such features are discussed from a public health perspective, comparing what they mean in gambling contexts and how potentially harmful they could be for fan token holders.

The role of mental health in online gambling decisions: A discrete choice experiment

People with mental health problems are more likely to experience problems due to gambling, an intersection of two sources of social disadvantage. However, the mechanisms by which this occurs remain unclear. Analysing if choices while gambling differ for people with mental health problems, and whether these differences involve characteristics linked with gambling harms, can improve this understanding. Evidence on this is limited because most studies rely on survey questions or aggregate data which are either self-reported, unlikely to allow for identification of separate features of gambling options, or do not observe the full set of options people are choosing between. Discrete Choice Experiments can circumvent these issues by observing the gambling environment and individual's gambling choices.This study uses a Discrete Choice Experiment to analyse people's choices while gambling, and if these differ for people with mental health problems. Participants were offered a series of 6 choice sets representing online gambling on horse racing; each presented two hypothetical horse races, both with eight horses, differing in the information they provided. Participants chose which race (if any) and horse they would bet on. The choices were modelled using mixed logit models.People with mental health problems had (i) a lower preference for betting on races with information about horses’ recent form and (ii) preferred betting on horses with higher odds. (i) Could indicate that they put less thought into their bet, a sign of gambling as an escape. (ii) Could indicate that they are more risk seeking. These are two gambling characteristics linked with problems due to gambling and are plausible mechanisms by which people with mental health problems may be more likely to develop problems due to gambling.

The Core Symptoms of Adolescents Online and Offline Gambling in South Korea Using Network Analysis.

Adolescent gambling is rapidly increasing recently. However, little is known about the core feature of adolescent gambling that should be the treatment target for adolescents. Thus, the objective of this study was to determine the core symptom of adolescent gambling using network analysis with large-scale data targeting community indwelling adolescents. We used dataset of the 2018 national survey on youth gambling problems collected by the Korea Center on Gambling Problems to explore symptom networks of gambling in adolescents. Of 17,520 respondents in the dataset of the 2018 national survey on youth gambling problems collected by the Korea Center on Gambling Problems, 5,619 adolescents with experience of gambling were included in the analysis. We computed an association network, a graphical least absolute shrinkage and selection operator, and a directed acyclic graph to model symptom interactions. In each network of online, offline, and all gambling, stealing money or other valuable things in order to gamble or pay off gambling debts was the most centrally situated and skipping practice followed by dropping out of activities. Especially strong connections emerged between stealing money or other valuable things in order to gamble or pay off gambling debts and academic performance degradation due to gambling. Feeling bad due to gamble and skipping hanging out with friends who do not gamble emerged as a highly central node that might be distinctive to adolescents with online gambling. These findings demonstrate central features of adolescent gambling. Different associations among specific network nodes suggest the existence of distinctive psychopathological constructs between online and offline gambling.

Limited attention, salient anchor, and the modified MAX effect: Evidence from Taiwan’s stock market

The literature documents that investors overweighing the right-tail probability pursue positively skewed assets, leading to lottery-like stocks overpriced. We find that the lottery anomaly primarily exists among stocks further away from their 52-week high prices. After attention-grabbing events with gambling features, inattentive retail investors become aware of certain stocks’ gambling traits and then net buy more lottery-like stocks, which further promotes the lottery anomaly. However, when such stocks are near their 52-week high price, retail investors tend to place little weight on the likelihood that the stock price will rise beyond the 52-week high, thereby reducing the skewness preference. Overall, our findings suggest that the perception of the 52-week high price as a price ceiling influences skewness preference, and that investor attention is the main determinant of whether anchoring bias affects skewness preference.

Separating problem gambling behaviors and negative consequences: Examining the factor structure of the PGSI

There is some uncertainty on how to best conceptualise and measure problem gambling and debate as to whether it is helpful to differentiate the behavioral features of problematic gambling from the negative consequences of gambling. The current study explores this issue by examining the factor structure of a commonly-used problem gambling measure, the Problem Gambling Severity Index (PGSI), as administered to respondents in the 2018 Northern Territory Gambling Prevalence and Wellbeing Survey (n = 3,740 gamblers). Confirmatory factor analyses revealed a two-factor solution offered significant improvement in fit over the one-factor model. Further, the two factors explained unique variance in the number of gambling-related harms experienced by respondents. Although the two factors were highly correlated, the current findings indicate problem gambling behaviors are related to the negative consequences of gambling, but these are not necessarily synonymous. This suggests isolating behavioral and consequential elements of gambling may have utility in public health interventions for gambling that, while concerning, falls below a clinically-significant threshold. Similarly, clinically-oriented research may benefit by measuring the behavioral features, as these components are important targets for individual-level interventions.

Pojęcie hazardu w prawie hazardowym wybranych państw europejskich. Część II. Pojęcie hazardu w świetle definicji legalnych terminu gaming

The article is the second in a series of papers that seek to present and analyse the meaning ascribed to the notions of ‘gambling’ and ‘gambling games’ in the gambling law provisions of selected European countries as well as to confront the normative meaning of this concept with gambling characteristics from the perspective of social sciences. The analysis covered provisions of those English-speaking countries in which the notion of ‘gaming’ is used to describe the aggregate category of gambling activities, i.e. Malta and Ireland. The article mainly uses methods of comparative law. The presentation of the characteristics of gambling from the perspective of social science draws on the scientific output of researchers in the field. The studies carried out justified the thesis that the scopes of the notion of ‘gaming’ in the gambling law provisions of Malta and Ireland are substantially different. On the one hand, the situation results from different traditions in the regulation of gambling activities. On the other, it reflects the attitude public authorities currently adopt both to the activities bearing the features of gambling and to such games in which the outcome is determined by the player’s skill but which might pose a threat similar to those related to gambling. In both Malta and Ireland, the normative meaning of ‘gaming’ extends beyond the meaning that is ascribed to the notion of ‘gambling’ in social science.

Patterns and correlates of consumer protection tool use by Australian online gambling customers.

Consumer Protection Tools (CPTs; e.g., deposit limits, timeouts) are provided by gambling sites to assist customers to gamble without harms. We aimed to understand how CPTs are used, and by which customers, which is essential to determine their effectiveness. We examined the account data of 39,853 customers (median age = 33 years; 84% male) across six Australian wagering sites over 1 year (2018/07/01-2019/06/30). Most (83%) customers did not use any CPTs, with low rates of use for deposit limits (15.8%), timeouts (0.55%-1.57%), and self-exclusion tools (0.16%-0.57%) observed. Requiring customers to set a deposit limit or opt-out of setting one led to substantial increases in limit setting. Many customers who used limits later changed them, typically by increasing or removing them. Non-CPT users and deposit limit users were similar in their demographic and gambling characteristics, while comparatively, timeout and/or self-exclusion users were younger and displayed more risky gambling behaviors (e.g., higher net loss and betting frequency). Our findings suggest that voluntary deposit limits have inherent limitations in addressing harmful behaviors if consumers can easily increase or remove limits. The study suggests that greater efforts are needed to encourage CPT use among a broad customer base, including default limits requiring opt-out, greater restrictions on increasing or remove limits, and more persuasive communication of the benefits of timeouts. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

A critical qualitative inquiry of the social practices of older adult gamblers

Abstract Background Older adults' participation in gambling is increasing internationally. Older adults have been identified as a group at greater risk of gambling harm. This may be due to their increased vulnerability due to life circumstances, such as retiring from paid work and social isolation. Current literature has focused on individual characteristics that may influence older adults gambling attitudes, behaviours, and experiences of harm, however, there has been little qualitative research that has explored other factors such as the influence of social practices surrounding gambling. This study explored how social practices influenced older adults' participation in gambling, and how these social practices may contribute to gambling risk. Methods A critical qualitative inquiry was conducted and involved semi-structured phone interviews with 40 Australian adults aged 55 years and over. A Constructivist Grounded Theory approach was taken, and Social Practice Theory guided the thematic analysis of the data. Results Two major themes were generated from the data. The first theme demonstrated that gambling was often embedded within older adults' social practices. For example, older adults would attend gambling venues with their social networks and engage in gambling as a way of building their social connection. Sometimes gambling occurred to try to meet the expectations of the wider social group, potentially increasing the risk of harm. Second, it was evident that gambling had become part a routine activity for older adults' everyday life. Conclusions Older adults social practices related to gambling were linked with the accessibility and availability of gambling products in community environments. Interventions aimed at preventing and reducing gambling harm in older adults need to shift away from the individual and instead focus on disrupting social practices, including the routines associated with gambling. Key messages Gambling was used by older adults to consolidate social connections and strengthen their sense of belonging within social groups and often involved routines around gambling. To prevent further harm from gambling to older adults, strategies should focus on the social context of older adults gambling rather than the individual characteristics of gamblers.

Do Online Gambling Products Require Traditional Therapy for Gambling Disorder to Change? Evidence from Focus Group Interviews with Mental Health Professionals Treating Online Gamblers

Online gambling has significantly altered the situational and structural characteristics of gambling products, to the extent that online gamblers might be substantially different from traditional offline gamblers. A growing body of literature has identified the evolving features of online gambling and the individuals who engage in it. However, beyond understanding the individual characteristics of this subgroup, relatively less effort has been made to examine whether existing cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) approaches are still entirely relevant for online problem gamblers, or whether changes are needed to adapt according to gambling mode of access. To understand what kind of challenges online gambling poses to mental health professionals dealing with disordered gamblers, four focus groups comprising 28 Spanish participants were carried out. All the treatment providers had ongoing experience with online gamblers undergoing treatment, and included clinical psychologists, mental health social workers, and a medical doctor. The data were examined using thematic analysis. The analysis identified five main themes that characterised online gamblers: (1) being of younger age, (2) lack of conflicts at home and at work/educational centre, rarely presenting violent or aggressive behaviour, (3) gambling disorder only being identified by overdue debt, (4) co-occurring conditions with technology-related abuse rather than other substance-related addictions, and (5) skill-based gambling. The study highlights mental health workers’ perceived insecurities about how to best treat online gamblers, and discusses the specific characteristics that CBT for gambling disorder might need to incorporate to adjust for this particular group of gamblers.