Characteristics Of Eye Injuries Research Articles

Missed games, financial losses, and characteristics of eye injuries in the National Basketball Association during the 2010–2011 to 2017–2018 seasons

PURPOSE: The purpose is to report financial loss, demographic metrics, and mechanisms of injury associated with eye injuries in the National Basketball Association (NBA) from the 2010–2011 to 2017–2018 seasons. METHODS: We performed a retrospective review of eye injuries in the NBA from the 2010–2011 to 2017–2018 seasons using publicly available information from Basketball Reference and the Pro Sports Transactions websites. Only injuries of the eye and adnexa that caused players to miss games in the regular season and playoffs were included in the study. Financial loss was calculated based on the regular season salary of the players and normalized for inflation with 2018 as the base year. RESULTS: There were 30 eye injuries causing a total of 106 missed games and $7,486,770 in financial losses across eight seasons. Linear regressions showed a moderately positive increase in eye injuries (Pearson’s r = 0.68, P = 0.07, and 0.79 injuries per year/1000 game-days increase) and financial losses (Pearson’s r = 0.67, P = 0.07, and $185.75 increase per year/1000 game-days) over time. There were significantly more games missed due to orbital fractures than games missed due to contusions/lacerations (11.5 vs. 2.8 missed games, P = 0.01). CONCLUSION: We demonstrate an increasing trend of eye injuries in the NBA, resulting in increased financial loss. Injuries may be varied in type and affect the number of games missed.

Changing trends in ocular trauma during the COVID-19 pandemic in the USA

Background/aimsThe COVID-19 pandemic has been associated with a decline in emergency department (ED) presentations for trauma. The purpose of this study is to compare the estimated number and characteristics of...

Prevalence, Patterns, and Characteristics of Eye Injuries in Professional Mixed Martial Arts

PurposeTo describe the frequency and type of eye injuries in fighters in mixed martial arts (MMA) competition.MethodsFight result data were collected from the Nevada Athletic Commission database from 2001 to 2020. Any fighters in a professional mixed martial arts (MMA) contest with an eye injury were included. Main outcome measures included frequency and rate of eye injuries per fight and the types of eye injuries. Secondary outcome measures were gender, laterality, decision type, and length of no-contact recommended.ResultsOf the 256 MMA events in the database, 187 events (73.3%) had at least one eye injury. Of a total 2208 fights at these events, there were 363 fighters who sustained 369 eye injuries, with the yearly rate of eye injuries per 100 fighters ranging from 2.56 to 12.22. The most common injuries were eyebrow and eyelid lacerations (n=160, 43%), lacerations around the eye (n=98, 27%), and orbital fractures (n=62, 17%). Most eye injuries were right sided (n=197, 53.3%) and the majority of fighters with eye injuries lost their match (n=228, 62.8%). Fifty-seven fighters were recommended for further ophthalmology clearance after the match. The most common reasons for recommended ophthalmology follow-up was orbital fracture (n=25, 44%) and retinal injury (n=7, 12%). Forty-three fighters received no-contact requirements relating to their injury for an average of 8.9 weeks (range 1–24 weeks).ConclusionOphthalmic injuries in professional MMA were prevalent, were most often lacerations surrounding the eye, and often accompanied the fighter losing their match.

Characteristics of eye injuries in urgently hospitalized adults in the Perm region

A retrospective analysis of 136 medical histories of patients with eye injuries who applied to the city and regional centers of emergency ophthalmological care and were hospitalized in two specialized ophthalmological departments during one calendar year was carried out. 89% of patients were men, 11% were women; 20% contacted hospitals in winter, 21% – in spring, 30% – in summer and 29% – in autumn. Out of 139 injured eyes, 50% were wounded, 40% were contused, 10% had burns. In cases of eye injuries, 7 (10%) were injuries of the appendages of the eye, 57 (81%) were penetrating injuries, 66% were corneal injuries, 25% – scleral injuries, 9% – corneal-scleral injuries, all of which were severe; 3% – non-penetrating injuries of the cornea, 6% – penetrating injuries of the orbit. Among 56 contused eyes, appendages of the eye were damaged in 4 (7%) eyes, all of them were of 2nd degree of severity. Eyeball damage was diagnosed in 35 (63%) eyes: 17 were of 2nd degree of severity, 15 – of 3rd degree of severity, 3 – of 4th degree of severity. Multisystem injuries of the eyeball and appendages of the eye were diagnosed in 17 (30%) eyes. Corneal, conjunctival and eyelid burns of the 2nd degree were diagnosed in 9 eyes, while burns of the 3rd degree were diagnosed in 4 eyes. All cases were chemical burns. 87% cases were civilian injuries, 11.5% were work injuries, while 1.5% were caused by criminal actions. In 2 eyes with non-penetrating corneal injuries, the visual acuity increased after discharge from hospital. Out of 57 eyes with penetrating injuries, the visual acuity increased in 34 eyes and decreased in 8 eyes; in 3 cases of visual acuity decrease, an ophthalmectomy was performed; in 15 eyes the visual acuity remained unchanged. In cases of contusion of the eyeball, out of 52 eyes the visual acuity increased in 39, decreased in 1 eye and remained unchanged in 12 eyes. In cases of burns, out of 13 eyes the visual acuity increased in 10 eyes and remained unchanged in 2 eyes. One patient underwent a blepharorrhaphy.Conflict of interest: Gavrilova T.V. is the member of the editorial board of the journal and has been recused from review process and from making decision regarding acceptance of this article.

Epidemiology of pediatric eye injuries requiring hospitalization in rural areas of Wenzhou and Changsha, China: a 10-year retrospective study

BackgroundThe aim of this study was to review the demographic and characteristic distribution data of serious rural pediatric eye injuries in Wenzhou and Changsha, located in Zhejiang Province in East China and Hunan Province in Central China.MethodsThis retrospective study included hospitalized pediatric patients aged < 18 years with eye injuries at the Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University and Xiangya Hospital of Central South University from January 2008 to December 2017. Demographic data, injury types, injury causes, and initial and final visual acuity (VA) were recorded and analyzed. The ocular trauma score (OTS) was calculated to assess the severity of injury and evaluate the prognosis. All patient data were obtained from the medical record systems.ResultsIn total, 1125 children were hospitalized during the 10-year period; 830 (73.8%) were males and 295 (26.2%) were females. The majority of the patients were aged 3 to 8 years (57.4%, n = 646). Among mechanical injuries (n = 1007), penetrating injury was the most common (68.4%, n = 689), followed by contusion (17.2%, n = 173) and rupture (8.1%, n = 82). Overall, the top three injury causes were sharp objects (n = 544, 48.4%), blunt objects (n = 209, 18.6%) and fireworks (n = 121, 10.8%). In Wenzhou, eye injuries occurred mostly in summer (n = 136, 29.1%), and sharp object-related eye injuries accounted for the highest proportion (n = 98, 72.1%). In Changsha, eye injuries occurred mostly in winter (n = 272, 41.3%), and firecracker- and fireworks-associated eye injury accounted for the highest proportion (n = 73, 26.8%). The final VA was positively correlated with the initial VA (r = 0.641, P < 0.001) and the OTS (r = 0.582, P < 0.001).ConclusionThe age range of the susceptible pediatric population from rural areas was 3–8 years. Most eye injuries were penetrating, and the main cause of injury was a sharp object. Notably, the differences in the characteristics of eye injuries in the two areas were related to regional features.

Eye Injuries in Elderly Adults Presenting to U.S. Emergency Departments

Eye Injuries in Elderly Adults Presenting to U.S. Emergency Departments

Characteristics of eye injuries in urban KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa: 2005-2008

Purpose: To provide epidemiological data on ocular injuries among patients utilising the provincial hospitals eye care clinics in urban KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. This data can be used in the future planning and intervention for ocular injuries at provincial hospitals.Methods: Record cards of 220 ocular injury patients seen at two selected urban provincial hospitals over a period of four years were reviewed.Results: Male presentation was higher (79.1%) compared to females (20.9%). The Black population (85.9%) experienced more ocular injuries than other race groups. The 21 to 30 age group incurred more injuries (32.3%) than other age groups. Open globe injuries occurred more frequent (56.4%) than closed globe injuries (43.6%). The frequent type of injury was blunt trauma/contusion (32.7%). More than half of the injuries were from solid objects (56.4%) followed by assaults (16.4%). The home was the common place to incur an injury (72.2%). Twenty four patients (10.9%) required surgical intervention at initial presentation. One hundred and fifty eight (71.8%) patients returned for follow up examination. Twenty five percent of the patients remained with poor vision following treatment. Conclusion: Ocular trauma due to burns is usually bilateral while that due to blunt trauma and intra ocular foreign bodies are generally unilateral. Solid objects were the most frequent cause of ocular injury and injuries due to this cause were most often incurred in the home. (S Afr Optom 2013 72(3) 119-126)