Energy Harvesting Characteristics Research Articles

Effect of boundary conditions on energy harvesting of a flow-induced snapping sheet at low Reynolds number

Recent studies on the snap-through motion of elastic sheets have attracted intense interest in energy-harvesting applications. However, the effect of boundary conditions (BCs) on energy extraction performance still remains an open question. In this study, we explored the snapping dynamics and energy-harvesting characteristics of the buckled sheet at various conditions using fluid–structure interaction simulations at a Reynolds number Re = 100. It was found that the front boundary condition (BC) dramatically affects the sheet's snapping dynamics, e.g., the pinned or relatively soft front BC triggers the sheet's instability easily and thus boasts the collection of potential energy. In the snap-through oscillation state, a stiffer rear BC results in a larger improvement in the sheet's energy collection compared with a minor effect of front BC. Meanwhile, the enhancement can also be achieved by adjusting the rear rotational spring stiffness up to 1.125 × 10−4, after which it remains nearly constant, as observed in the case of EI* = 0.004. This introduction of an elastic BC with krs* = 1.125 × 10−4 not only efficiently enhances energy extraction but significantly reduces stress concentration and, as a result, greatly prolongs the sheet's fatigue durability, especially for the stiffer sheet with EI* = 0.004. The effect of three other governing parameters, including the length ratio ΔL*, sheet's bending stiffness EI*, and mass ratio m*, on the sheet's energy-harvesting performance were also explored. The result shows that increasing ΔL* and EI* could improve the total energy harvested, primarily by enhancing the elastic potential energy, particularly in the aft half of the sheet. In contrast, increasing m* mainly enhances the kinetic energy collected by the sheet's central portion, thus improving the total energy-extracting performance. This study provides an in-depth insight into the dynamics of a buckled sheet under various BCs, which may offer some guidance on the optimization of relevant energy harvesters.

Study on the Influence of Coil Arrangement on the Output Characteristics of Electromagnetic Galloping Energy Harvester.

The arrangement of the induction coil influences the electromagnetic damping force and output characteristics of electromagnetic energy harvesters. Based on the aforementioned information, this paper presents a proposal for a multiple off-center coil electromagnetic galloping energy harvester (MEGEH). This study establishes both a theoretical model and a physical model to research the influence of the position and quantity of the induction coils on the output characteristics of an energy harvester. Additionally, it conducts wind tunnel tests and analyzes the obtained results. With the increase in the number of induction coils, there is a significant improvement in the duty cycle and output power of the MEGEH, resulting in an amplified energy conversion efficiency. At a wind speed of 9 m/s, the duty ratios of a single set of coils (SC), two sets of coils (TC), and multiple sets of coils (MC) are 30%, 51%, and 100%, respectively. The total output powers are 0.4 mW, 0.62 mW, and 0.72 mW. However, the rate of output growth has decreased from 55% to 16%. The position of the coils affects the initial electromagnetic damping of the energy harvester. Changing the position can reduce the initial electromagnetic damping, thereby decreasing the critical wind speed. The critical wind speed of the MEGEH decreases as the induction coil is positioned further away from the vibration center. When the distance is sufficiently large, the electromagnetic damping force becomes negligible. When the induction coil is positioned centrally, the MEGEH demonstrates its maximum critical wind speed, which has been measured at 4.01 m/s. When the initial distance between the induction coil and the vibrating component is increased to 10 mm, the critical wind speed reaches its minimum value of 2.23 m/s. Therefore, it is necessary to optimize the arrangement of the coils. The coils of the MEGEH should be arranged with the MC and a 10 mm offset from the center.

Vortex-induced vibrations in an active pitching flapping foil power generator with two degrees of freedom

The energy harvesting characteristics of actively pitching flapping foils under a two-degrees-of-freedom (2DOF) system were investigated through numerical simulations. At a Reynolds number of 1100, the effects of the pitching amplitude, reduced frequency, and structural parameters on the energy harvesting performance were compared with the traditional one-degree-of-freedom (1DOF) case. The optimal pitching amplitude (85°), reduced frequency (0.16), and structural parameters (bx*=0.5, kx*=0.7) of the streamwise vibrating flapping foil were determined. The additional velocity generated by streamwise vibrations increased the optimal reduced frequency and pitching amplitude over the traditional case. Streamwise vibrations accelerate the wake propulsion, and the wake vortevx spacing is about 0.8 times the chord length larger than that of the traditional case. Furthermore, the 2DOF case allows the vortex-shedding process of the flapping foil to participate in wake propulsion. The trajectory of the streamwise vibrating flapping foil was observed to be a figure “8” shape. The “8” shape gradually regularizes with an increased streamwise damping coefficient. There is an ideal parameter combination at the optimal reduced frequency that allows the flapping foil to reach the most unstable motion mode. The energy harvesting efficiency of the flapping foil can be increased by up to 25% due solely to vortex-induced vibrations of the 2DOF.

Sustainable Porous Scaffolds with Retained Lignin as An Effective Light-absorbing Material for Efficient Photothermal Energy Conversion.

Organic phase change materials (PCMs) are promising to utilize thermal energy from solar radiation for photothermal energy conversion. However, the issues of poor photo absorption and liquid leakage greatly restrict their practical application. Herein, a sustainable porous scaffold comprising periodate oxidized wood (POW) as the supporting material and in situ retains lignin as the light-absorber dopant are demonstrated. The π-π stacking ability of lignin molecules endows the retained lignin with efficient photonic energy harvesting characteristics for fast thermal conductivity to reach a higher maximal energy storage volume. The inherently porous structure of the POW scaffold enables excellent shape-stability, which bypasses the liquid leakage problem. The resulting POW/PCM composites exhibit superior comprehensive performance, including enhanced light absorption capacity, high photothermal conversion efficiency (≈86.7%), and high latent heat of 151 J g-1 . Furthermore, the POW/PCM composites also possess the ability to maintain a relatively constant indoor temperature when fixed atop the model house roof, showing great potential for their practical applications in the thermal regulation of intelligent buildings. This work not only paves a new way to obtain sustainable and effective porous scaffolds for sufficient photothermal energy conversion but also provides more possibilities for their practical application in the future.

The performance investigation of flow-induced motion energy-harvesting by applying time-varying stiffness in the dynamic ocean environment

Ocean water exhibits periodic motion both temporally and spatially. However, no time-varying mechanism has been studied for harvesting energy from dynamic ocean. This paper presents an enhanced mechanism for harvesting the energy of ocean flows by applying time-varying stiffness adaptation in dynamic ocean environments, resulting in superior performance. By conducting numerical simulations and experiments, this study investigates the motion response and energy harvesting characteristics of a single oscillating cylinder equipped with time-varying stiffness. The research focuses on examining its behavior in both uniform flow and shear flow conditions, and presents several noteworthy findings. First, in comparison to impulse and trapezoid patterns, the sin-patterned time-varying stiffness demonstrates superior energy harvesting performance in both uniform flow and time-varying flow conditions. Second, the frequency of the sin-patterned time-varying stiffness is a critical parameter that influences the energy harvesting performance. Setting the sin-patterned time-varying stiffness frequency to ωv = 0.75ωn (natural frequency of constant stiffness) yields optimal performance under both uniform and time-varying flow conditions. At ωv = 0.75ωn, the energy-harvesting power can be increased by more than 30 times compared to the case of constant stiffness. Simultaneously, the oscillator's motion frequency experiences a reduction of over 40%. It is within this frequency range that the energy-harvesting power is maximized across the entire frequency spectrum. Third, as the frequency of sin-patterned time-varying stiffness increases, there is a decrease in both the energy harvesting power and efficiency. At a frequency of ωv/ωn* = 1.5, the advantage over the constant stiffness oscillator becomes negligible. Fourth, the energy harvesting performance of time-varying stiffness is superior in a time-varying flow condition compared to a uniform flow condition. The maximum energy harvesting power is achieved at ωv/ωn* = 0.75 in the time-varying flow condition, surpassing the corresponding value in the uniform flow condition. Fifth, the phase-shift resonance between the shedding frequency and the frequency of time-varying stiffness significantly enhances the energy harvesting performance of the time-varying stiffness oscillator. The optimal time-varying frequency is determined to have a phase difference of 0.15ωn. Sixth, the power harvesting efficiency can be improved by up to 1.5 times on average using the time-varying stiffness mechanism (sin-patterned, 10% additional power required) compared to state-of-the-art technologies employing constant stiffness. Finally, matching the form and dominant frequency of the excitation force with those of the time-varying stiffness can greatly improve the energy harvesting power and motion amplitude of the oscillator. This paper explores a performance-based approach to energy harvesting in dynamic ocean environments by applying sin-patterned time-varying stiffness with ωv = 0.75ωn.

Investigation of a Novel Ultra-Low-Frequency Rotational Energy Harvester Based on a Double-Frequency Up-Conversion Mechanism.

Due to their lack of pollution and long replacement cycles, piezoelectric energy harvesters have gained increasing attention as emerging power generation devices. However, achieving effective energy harvesting in ultra-low-frequency (<1 Hz) rotational environments remains a challenge. Therefore, a novel rotational energy harvester (REH) with a double-frequency up-conversion mechanism was proposed in this study. It consisted of a hollow cylindrical shell with multiple piezoelectric beams and a ring-shaped slider with multiple paddles. During operation, the relative rotation between the slider and the shell induced the paddles on the slider to strike the piezoelectric beams inside the shell, thereby causing the piezoelectric beams to undergo self-excited oscillation and converting mechanical energy into electrical energy through the piezoelectric effect. Additionally, by adjusting the number of paddles and piezoelectric beams, the frequency of the piezoelectric beam struck by the paddles within one rotation cycle could be increased, further enhancing the output performance of the REH. To validate the output performance of the proposed REH, a prototype was fabricated, and the relationship between the device's output performance and parameters such as the number of paddles, system rotation speed, and device installation eccentricity was studied. The results showed that the designed REH achieved a single piezoelectric beam output power of up to 2.268 mW, while the REH with three piezoelectric beams reached an output power of 5.392 mW, with a high power density of 4.02 μW/(cm3 Hz) under a rotational excitation of 0.42 Hz, demonstrating excellent energy-harvesting characteristics.

High Roughness Induced Pearl Necklace‐Like ZIF‐67@PAN Fiber‐Based Triboelectric Nanogenerators for Mechanical Energy Harvesting

AbstractTechnological developments and innovations in the wearable device field have created huge consumer demand. Hence, designing energy harvesting devices are of utmost importance. Of the various types of energy harvesting devices, triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) have come to the fore, as it can efficiently harvest electrical energy from mechanical motions. To date, polymers and metals have dominated the triboelectric series, but there is a need to develop novel composite materials and 2D materials to enhance the performance of TENGs. In this study, electrospun polyacrylonitrile nanofibers are prepared and decorated with zeolitic imidazole framework‐67 (ZIF‐67@PAN) to form pearl‐necklace‐like fibers. ZIF‐67@PAN nanofibers are prepared by immersing PAN nanofibers for different hours (1, 5, 10, and 24 h) in ZIF‐67 solution, they provide more roughness, and efficient surface contact area. The immersion of PAN fibers in ZIF solution for longer times increases overall energy harvesting efficiency. Different amounts of MXene are deposited on PVDF; the inclusion of MXene improves the charge transfer properties of TENGs. PAN@ZIF‐67 is used as a positive tribolayer and PVDF@MXene as a negative tribolayer. The optimized TENG device has 305 V, 10.6 µA, and 10.9 W/m2 power and demonstrated promising energy harvesting characteristics and self‐powered sensing efficiency.

Performance study of a control valve with energy harvesting based on a modified passive model

GreenValve (integrating a runner into a ball valve) is a highly promising solution for harvesting excess water energy from the pipe to power the electrical equipment in the pipe network. In order to better match the actual operation of the GreenValve and to realise the simulation of the non-stationary operation process of the GreenValve, a modified passive model is proposed in this paper. The model is based on the idea of incoming flow induced rotor rotation and on a modification of the 6-DOF model that takes into account the added mass of the fluid. Based on the model, the energy harvesting characteristics and fluid regulation characteristics of the GreenValve with a modified Savonius runner with different number of blades and hollow ratios are investigated. Numerical results show that at an inlet flow rate of 15.7 × 103 m3/s, with the increase in the number of blades, the movement of the runner tends to be smooth, and the power and efficiency of the GreenValve gradually increases, up to 245 W of power and 13.6% of efficiency; the increase in the hollow ratio from 0.25 to 0.33 improves the overall performance of the GreenValve.

Theoretical model and experimental study on working characteristics of electromagnetic damper

An analysis model for electromagnetic damper is proposed in order to obtain the working characteristics of electromagnetic damper under different working conditions. Firstly, the inertia force and the electromagnetic force of electromagnetic damper are calculated, and the friction force is tested. Secondly, by combining the theoretical results and the test data, the working characteristic analysis model for electromagnetic damper is established. Finally, the damping characteristics and energy harvesting characteristics of the electromagnetic damper under multiple working conditions are discussed by using the present model. The working condition characteristic surface of the electromagnetic damper is obtained by using the recovered energy and equivalent damping coefficient as the coordinate plane. The results show that the error between the calculated results and the test results is below 10%. The damping force and output voltage of the electromagnetic damper are positively correlated with excitation frequency and amplitude. The excitation amplitude and frequency influence the energy harvesting characteristic and damping property deeply, respectively. The increase in load resistance reduces the energy regenerative capacity and damping capacity of the electromagnetic damper.

Impact-based energy harvesting characteristics of cement/Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3 composites

This work presents the impact generated energy harvesting characteristics of cement/lead zirconate titanate (Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3; PZT) composites. A soft grade PZT (SP 5 A) with ∼1 µm sized particles in an unpoled state was utilised to prepare cement/PZT composites. The experiments were performed on 28 days’ water cured unpoled samples. The total cumulative volume and average pore radius are observed to decrease with PZT concentration in the composite. The values of piezoelectric coefficient and capacitance were, respectively, found to increase by 300 and 275% for cement/PZT composites consisting of 40% PZT compared to that of 5% added PZT. The impact generated voltage and energy increases significantly with increasing PZT-content. The voltage generation from cement/PZT could be because of the oscillations of dipoles and the mobility of ions in the pores of the hydrated cement. The results obtained foreshadow the prospect of utilising cement/PZT composites for energy harvesting from civil structures, structural health monitoring, and as sensors.

Coral-like BaTiO3-Filled Polymeric Composites as Piezoelectric Nanogenerators for Movement Sensing.

Piezoelectric nanogenerators have prospective uses for generating mechanical energy and powering electronic devices due to their high output and flexible behavior. In this research, the synthesis of the three-dimensional coral-like BaTiO3 (CBT) and its filling into a polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) matrix to obtain composites with excellent energy harvesting properties are reported. The CBT-based PENG has a 163 V voltage and a 16.7 µA current at a frequency of 4 Hz with 50 N compression. Simulations show that the high local stresses in the CBT coral branch structure are the main reason for the improved performance. The piezoelectric nanogenerator showed good durability at 5000 cycles, and 50 commercial light-emitting diodes were turned on. The piezoelectric nanogenerator generates a voltage of 4.68-12 V to capture the energy generated by the ball falling from different heights and a voltage of ≈0.55 V to capture the mechanical energy of the ball's movement as it passes. This study suggests a CBT-based piezoelectric nanogenerator for potential use in piezoelectric sensors that has dramatically improved energy harvesting characteristics.

Experimental Studies on Particle Dampers with Energy Harvesting Characteristics

Experimental Studies on Particle Dampers with Energy Harvesting Characteristics

Effect of the flow incidence angle on the VIV-based energy harvesting from triple oscillating cylinders

The current article is a numerical investigation into the energy harvesting characteristics of the turbulent vortex-induced vibration (VIV) of three sprung circular cylinders located at the corners of a triangle with equal height and base. Five different flow incidence angles (θ=0,45,90,135,and180) are considered depends on how the cylinders are oriented. The Reynolds-averaged governing equations for the turbulent VIV around the cylinders are solved using the finite volume method while a two-way coupling exists between the structure and the fluid. In the triangular arrangements where some cylinders are located in the wake of others, wake-induced vibration (WIV) generally occurs with higher amplitude. Moreover, a comparison of different incidence angles shows that θ=45 is the best choice for energy harvesting with a total root mean square (RMS) of 5.82, followed by θ=0,and90 with a total RMS of 4.1. Also, the amount of harvested power in the θ=45 exhibits a significant growth (288%) compared to the total harvested power from the vibrations of three isolated cylinders.

Performance enhancement of the wavy cylinder-based piezoelectric wind energy harvester with different wave-shaped attachments

The vortex-induced vibration (VIV)-based piezoelectric wind energy harvester (PWEH) has a small working bandwidth and poor wind energy harvesting performance. In order to improve the output power of the PWEH and achieve sustainable power supply for microelectronic products, this study proposes a novel wavy cylinder-based PWEH with two wavy attachment rods attached to the surface of the wavy cylinder, the mathematical model of PWEH is developed. The flow-induced vibration (FIV) response mechanism and the energy harvesting characteristics of the wavy cylinder-based PWEH are numerically explored. The wavy cylinder with wavy-shaped attachments produces a three-dimensional shear layer that can increase the wavy cylinder’s aeroelastic instability range and realize the synergistic effects of VIV and galloping, which increases the wave cylinder’s vibrational amplitude and lowers the galloping critical wind speed. Compared with the typical VIV-PWEH, the novel wind energy harvester can work outside the VIV lock-in range, and its output power and voltage rise as wind speed does. The wavy attachment rods with triangular cross section have greater advantages than other rods, its output power is 6.13 mW at a wind speed of 5.7 m/s and load resistance of 100 KΩ, compared with the circular cylinder PWEH, the average power increases by approximately 166%. The study’s findings can theoretically promote the enhancement of PWEH’s energy harvesting efficiency.

Towards energy harvesting through flow-induced snap-through oscillations

Recently, energy harvesting through periodic snapping, namely snap-through, has gained significant attention for energy harvesting applications. In this study, the snapping dynamics of a buckled sheet with two ends clamped were numerically investigated to explore its energy harvesting characteristics in a Poiseuille channel flow. It is found that the elastic sheet comes into either a static equilibrium or snap-through oscillation state. The oscillation state can be initiated more readily by buckling the sheet to a length ratio in the vicinity of ΔL*=0.3 and/or by raising the Reynolds number. Additionally, the effects of three governing parameters, including the length ratio, the bending stiffness of the sheet, and the Reynolds number, on the energy harvesting characteristics were also examined for the oscillation cases. The finding shows that, in a post-equilibrium state, increasing the length ratio and bending stiffness could enhance the total energy for harvesting, primarily by raising the elastic potential energy. The most effective portion for energy collection always lies in the aft half of the sheet. Moreover, transitions from an equilibrium state to a snap-through oscillation state increase both the elastic potential and kinetic energies. Our numerical results gain deeper insights into the dynamics of a pre-compressed elastic sheet and its interaction with a laminar channel flow. The results may provide some guidance on optimizing relevant energy harvesting systems.

Ultrasound vibration energy harvesting from a rotary-type piezoelectric ultrasonic actuator

Ultrasound vibrations, which are abundant in our everyday environment, have long been widely used in industrial applications and medical therapeutics. While there have massive number of studies on harvesting the low-frequency vibration energy to power the low-powered electronic devices, there are few literatures on the ultrasound vibration energy harvesting. In order to validate the feasibility of ultrasound vibration energy harvesting, this article takes a rotary-type piezoelectric ultrasound actuator (PUA) as the research object, a new PZT ring with appropriate zoning and polarization is bonded onto its elastomer top surface to harvest the vibration energy induced by the ultrasound waves. The manufacturing process and operating mechanism of the modified PUA are firstly introduced. Then, the electromechanical coupled model is derived based on the equivalent circuit method, and the dynamic and energetic characteristics of the ultrasound vibration energy harvesting under three excitation modes (i.e., two standing waves and one traveling wave excitations) are theoretically studied. The experimental results testify the theoretical values, and the feasibility of ultrasound vibration energy harvesting is also validated by experiments and an application example. When the PUA is excited by traveling ultrasound wave with amplitude 67 V and frequency 35.1 kHz, the maximum harvested power of each sector of the new PZT ring and λ/4 sector of the bottom PZT ring reach 58 mW and 82.4 mW, respectively, which fully meet the power supplying requirements of low-powered electronic products and implantable medical systems.

Dynamic Characteristic Analysis of Tri-Stable Piezoelectric Energy Harvester with Double Elastic Amplifiers

In order to further improve the vibration energy harvesting efficiency of piezoelectric energy harvester under low frequency environmental excitation, this paper, based on the traditional magnetic tri-stable piezoelectric energy collector model, proposes a tri-stable piezoelectric energy harvester (TPEH+DEM) model with two elastic amplifiers which are installed between the U-shaped frame and the base and between the fixed end of the piezoelectric cantilever beam and the U-shaped frame respectively. Based on Hamilton principle, the motion equation of electromechanical coupling of TPEH+DEM system is established, and the analytical solutions of displacement, output voltage and power of the system are obtained by harmonic balance method. The effects of the mass of elastic amplifier, spring stiffness, magnet spacing and load resistance on the dynamic characteristics of energy harvesting of TPEH+DEM system are analyzed. The result shows that there are two peaks in the response output power of TPEH+DEM system in the operating frequency range. By adjusting the mass and stiffness of the elastic amplifier reasonably, the system can move into the inter-well motion under low external excitation intensity, and produce high output power. Compared with the traditional model which only has an elastic amplifier on the base of piezoelectric energy harvester, TPEH+DEM model has better energy harvesting performance under low frequency and low intensity external excitation.

A piezoelectric energy harvester for human body motion subjected to two different transversal reciprocating excitations

Abstract. Harvesting energy from human body motion to supply electricity for wearable devices is focused on in this paper. Based on the fact that the frequency of human body motion is lower and the motions of different human body parts are variable, a piezoelectric energy harvester subjected to two different transversal reciprocating excitations is studied in this paper. Each excitation is treated as a transverse rheonomic constraint. The dynamics equation of the beam is established using the Hamiltonian principle. Expressing the transverse rheonomic constraint as a periodic function, closed-form solutions of the dynamics equation are obtained. And the characteristics of energy harvesters are investigated based on the closed-form solutions. The results show that the difference between the two excitations will certainly cause the energy harvester to generate more output power at lower frequencies of excitations, and the larger the difference, the more the output power will be generated. This unusual characteristic at the lower frequency enables the proposed harvester to be quite suitable to harvest energy from the motions of the human body.

Improving the efficiency of dye-sensitized solar cells based on rare-earth metal modified bismuth ferrites

This study reports light energy harvesting characteristics of bismuth ferrite (BiFeO3) and BiFO3 doped with rare-earth metals such as neodymium (Nd), praseodymium (Pr), and gadolinium (Gd) dye solutions that were prepared by using the co-precipitation method. The structural, morphological, and optical properties of synthesized materials were studied, confirming that 5–50 nm sized synthesized particles have a well-developed and non-uniform grain size due to their amorphous nature. Moreover, the peaks of photoelectron emission for bare and doped BiFeO3 were observed in the visible region at around 490 nm, while the emission intensity of bare BiFeO3 was noticed to be lower than that of doped materials. Photoanodes were prepared with the paste of the synthesized sample and then assembled to make a solar cell. The natural and synthetic dye solutions of Mentha, Actinidia deliciosa, and green malachite, respectively, were prepared in which the photoanodes were immersed to analyze the photoconversion efficiency of the assembled dye-synthesized solar cells. The power conversion efficiency of fabricated DSSCs, which was confirmed from the I–V curve, is in the range from 0.84 to 2.15%. This study confirms that mint (Mentha) dye and Nd-doped BiFeO3 materials were found to be the most efficient sensitizer and photoanode materials among all the sensitizers and photoanodes tested.

Hydraulic Integrated Interconnected Regenerative Suspension: Sensitivity Analysis and Parameter Optimization

Hydraulic integrated interconnected regenerative suspension (HIIRS) is a novel suspension system that can simultaneously harvest the vibration energy in the suspension and enhance the vehicle dynamics. The parameter sensitivity of the HIIRS system is analyzed and the significant parameters are optimized in this paper. Specifically, a half-vehicle model with the HIIRS is established. Based on the model, the parameter sensitivity of the hydraulic system is analyzed with three objectives, ride comfort, road holding, and average energy harvesting power. The parameters considered in this study are more abundant than those in previous related studies, including hydraulic cylinder inner diameter, hydraulic motor displacement, resistance, initial system pressure, and accumulator parameters. It turns out that the most sensitive parameters are the inner diameter of the hydraulic cylinder, the resistance, and the displacement of the hydraulic motor. To further study the performances that the HIIRS could present, both the single-objective optimization and the multi-objective optimization problems are solved and compared with the optimized traditional suspensions. The optimized HIIRS performs better in ride comfort and road holding than the optimized traditional suspension and anti-roll bar suspension. Different from the previous suspension optimization design, multi-objective optimization not only considers the traditional performance of the suspension but also incorporates the energy harvesting characteristics into the optimization objective. In the multi-objective optimization, a Pareto front is obtained, which shows that the ride comfort conflicts with the road holding and the energy harvesting power, while road holding and energy harvesting power did not conflict. The Pareto front shows that the optimized HIIRS is superior to the traditional suspension in ride comfort and road holding, and also harvests considerable energy.