Characteristics Of E-government Research Articles

DEVELOPMENT OF E-GOVERNMENT IN UKRAINE: CURRENT ISSUES OF IMPLEMENTATION

The scientific study highlights the theoretical foundations of the electronic docu- ment management system as an integral component of e-government in Ukraine. The relevance is substantiated, the legislative provision and regulation of this area are characterized, in particular, the basic features of e-government as a com- ponent of the system of relations between the state and business are determined. The normative and legal framework is formed by the laws of Ukraine, which establish the order of organization and activity of the state apparatus, and regu- late the general principles of state policy in the field of informatization in general and the administrative process in particular. The analysis of normative document resources such as: «Basic Principles of Development of the Information Society in Ukraine for 2007–2015», laws of Ukraine «About Information», «About Ac- cess to Public Information», «About Electronic Document and Electronic Doc- ument Management», «About Standardization» is highlighted etc. Taking into account the active implementation of the latest information technologies in the management activity, the law of Ukraine «On Electronic Documents and Elec- tronic Document Management» is important, which ensures the implementation of state policy in matters of document management and documentation manage- ment support. It is worth noting that this law represents a consistent theoretical basis for research during the introduction of electronic document management and regulates general issues in this area. The implementation of modern means of electronic government provides an opportunity to improve the quality of public services to citizens radically, and a new level of these services will be achieved through the system integration transformation and improvement of information systems at all levels. It was determined that information and communication tech- nologies open up new opportunities for improving the mechanisms of interaction with authorities, and the implementation of electronic governance in Ukraine is a powerful European integration factor that provides an effective impetus for the interaction of public authorities with citizens, public associations, and businesses by the requirements and standards of the European Union.

폐쇄적 전제정치(Closed Autocracy)가 전자정부개발(E-Government Development)에 미치는 영향 분석

The phenomenon of Arab countries adopting autocracy in e-government development is an interesting case compared to the narrative of e-government development led by democratic countries. However, some characteristics of e-government, including top-down delivery, and the fact that e-government development is useful for acquiring internal and external legitimacy, suggest that e-government can be developed as one of the tools for legitimization in autocratic countries. In particular, it can be logically inferred that closed autocratic countries, which lack legitimacy compared with democracies, will have a more significant impact on e-government development. By using panel data and pooled OLS, this study suggests the significant results that closed autocracy positively affects e-government development.

Simple, Fast, and Accurate Cybercrime Detection on E-Government with Elastic Stack SIEM

Increased public activity in cyberspace (Internet) during the Covid-19 pandemic has also increased cybercrime cases with various attack targets, including E-Government services. Cybercrime is hidden and occurs unnoticed in E-Government, so handling it is challenging for all government agencies. The characteristics of E-Government are unique and different from other service systems in general, requiring extra anticipation for the prevention and handling of cybercrime attack threats. This research proposes log and event data analysis to detect cybercrime in e-Government using System Information and Event Management (SIEM). The main contribution of this research is a simple, fast, and accurate cybercrime detection process in the e-Government environment by increasing the level of log and event data analysis with the SIEM approach. SIEM technology based on machine learning and big data is implemented with Elastic Stack. The implemented technique can be used as a mitigation program against cybercrime threats that often attack and target e-Government. With simple, accurate, and fast cybercrime detection, it is expected to improve e-Government security and increase public confidence in public services organized by government agencies.

Private and Public Digitalization and Economic Resilience during COVID-19 Pandemic

The COVID-19 pandemic represented a tremendous shock for both public and private sectors and put pressure on the economic environment alongside national healthcare systems. Our article examined the economic resilience during the COVID-19 pandemic in the EU Member States and assessed if countries with more intense use of digitalization instruments (e-government features, e-commerce, ITC skills, etc.) in both public and private sectors registered a lower economic decline during 2019–2020. Our approach was based firstly on statistical correlation analysis applied to several indicators obtained from Eurostat and European Commission. Secondly, we elaborated different regional models of economic and social homogenous characteristics that could be found among EU Member States based on a hierarchical cluster analysis model applied to several structural socio-economic and digitalization indicators. The main conclusion was that there is a strong positive correlation between the share of ITC employment and the share of ITC in GDP, and the level of digital skills for individuals and the share of companies with high intensity of digitalization.

Role of COVIDsafe app and control measures in Australia in combating COVID-19 pandemic

PurposeCOVID-19 (C19) has been destroying the world's health and emergency response system for almost the past year. Policymakers and health practitioners are trying their best to save the public through various policy development and initiatives in this regard. This study aims to examine the containment measures and their impacts on Australia's C19 situation in Australia's COVIDsafe app background.Design/methodology/approachThis study investigates the role of the Australian Government's (AG) Health Containment (HC) and Stringency response (SR) in combating the C19 situation in Australia. The time horizon has been taken from January to October 2020 and applied Linear Regression with graphical demonstration analysis by STATA-18 version and MS Word chart features.FindingsBy applying linear regression and graphical demonstration, statistics revealed that AG made various policy developments during the C19 pandemic. However, due to inconsistent and unsustainable measures, the second C19 wave hit Australia much harder than the first wave. COVIDsafe app has been a vital AG in this regard; however, it did not show its progress during the second wave due to privacy issues. After the more focused and aggressive research and development measures, AG overcame the App drawbacks and controlled the situation, demonstrating 92% recovered statistics from C19.Practical implicationsThe study concludes that AG should enforce many prudent policy measures and distinct E-government features in the COVIDsafe app and make it secure so people will use it in probable forthcoming C19 waves.Originality/valueThis study has examined the Government of Australia's containment measures in the background discussion of the COVIDsafe app.

E-government within Public Administration.

The purpose of the article is to determine the nature, content and characteristic features of e-government, as well as to analyze its impact on the implementation of public administration. While writing the article the following methods were used: logical, semantic, method of documentary analysis and comparative legal. Specific features of modern models of e-government in the world have been analyzed; the expediency of introduction of the optimal model of the specified kind of government into the state system of Ukraine has been researched. The influence of modern high-tech means of e-government on the existing public administration systems in the world has been studied. Author has suggested own definitions of «e-government», «public administration» and «e-governance». Authors have defined the perspective directions of the development of this sphere, which need to be developed for the purpose of improving the general situation in the field of public administration. A comparative analysis was carried out with the leading countries in this field. Particular attention has been paid to the successful experience of developed foreign countries in organizing the process of e-government as a perspective form of public administration. Keywords: public administration, e-government, high technologies, administrative activity, modern means, effective strategies, legal regulation.

Does e-government performance actually boost citizen use? Evidence from European countries

ABSTRACTFor many years, it was believed that higher-performing e-government features would boost citizen use of e-services. However, this straightforward proposition had never been tested. Using a survey of over 28,000 citizens across 32 European countries, we examined the effect of e-government performance on citizen use. Theoretically, a better-designed and maintained government website should be used more, but it was reject by multilevel model estimates. We found that performance was negatively related to citizen use of e-information and e-services, while e-participation use was insignificant. The implications of our findings on future efforts to increase the uptake of e-government are also discussed.

An empirical test of stage models of e-government development: Evidence from Dutch municipalities

ABSTRACTIn this article we empirically test stage models of e-government development. We use Lee's classification to make a distinction between four stages of e-government: informational, requests, personal, and e-democracy. We draw on a comprehensive data set on the adoption and development of e-government activities in 510 Dutch municipalities over the period 2004–2009. Our results show that progression through stages of e-government is mostly linear. However, it seems that a single dimension is insufficient to explain e-government development at the level of more specific features of e-government. Our analysis demonstrates that municipalities sometimes adopt certain e-government features at a later stage even if features of an earlier stage are not adopted at all. These findings suggest that municipalities can—at the level of e-government features—immediately proceed to later stages without having to pass through earlier stages. We conclude that stage models may have some value for benchmarking municipalities at the level of stages, but are inadequate in explaining or predicting the development of features at the different e-government stages.

Tax Compliance Costs

As documented by empirical research, tax compliance costs are a considerable burden for households and businesses. However, cost estimates may be biased due to survey nonresponse and questionnaire framing effects. Investigating both aspects, we do not find significant evidence for a nonresponse bias. By contrast, our results indicate that framing effects regarding the temporal dimension of cost measurement (temporal framing effects) might alter cost estimates by about 39 percent downward (65 percent upward) on average and by up to 53 percent downward (respectively, 112 percent upward) for small businesses. We also test a number of cost drivers with a focus on e-government features. We do not find any evidence that the use of Belgian e-government applications in 2002 and 2004 significantly reduced compliance costs.

An Evaluation Scheme for Local e-Government and Local e-Democracy: The Case of Greek Municipalities

The purpose of this study is the development of a citizen-centric framework for the evaluation of municipal websites that is validated in the context of Greek local governments. The proposed model consists of four categories, 14 factors/indices and 83 criteria. The framework incorporates the different aspects of e-government as well as e-democracy. To develop and validate the model two researches were conducted: one survey that captured citizens' opinions about the important e-government features and a website analysis to check the level of e-government sophistication of Greek local government websites. Results of citizens' survey served as input for the weighting of the model metrics. The analysis of the Greek municipal websites indicated that municipalities performed moderately in regards to the disclosure of one-way information while they scored low in the provision of online services for citizens and businesses and the opportunities they offer for citizens' interaction and participation.

An evaluation scheme for local e-government and local e-democracy: the case of Greek municipalities

The purpose of this study is the development of a citizen-centric framework for the evaluation of municipal websites that is validated in the context of Greek local governments. The proposed model consists of four categories, 14 factors/indices and 83 criteria. The framework incorporates the different aspects of e-government as well as e-democracy. To develop and validate the model two researches were conducted: one survey that captured citizens' opinions about the important e-government features and a website analysis to check the level of e-government sophistication of Greek local government websites. Results of citizens' survey served as input for the weighting of the model metrics. The analysis of the Greek municipal websites indicated that municipalities performed moderately in regards to the disclosure of one-way information while they scored low in the provision of online services for citizens and businesses and the opportunities they offer for citizens' interaction and participation.

DO GREEK MUNICIPAL WEBSITES MEET CITIZENS’ PERCEPTIONS ON ISSUE IMPORTANCE?

The purpose of the present study is first to evaluate local e-government initiatives in Greece from a citizen perspective and then to test how well Greek municipalities perform on the most important e-government applications as perceived by citizens. Towards this end, a citizen survey was conducted using an instrument that contained 14 indices and assessed citizens’ perceived importance of e-government as well as e-democracy features incorporated in municipal portals. Results indicate that Greek citizens are not ready to move forward with the adoption of more participatory and deliberative tools of local governments’ websites. Moreover, Greek citizens want easy to complete online services while they place emphasis on the informational content of the local governments’ websites. In addition they desire simple ways to communicate with their local governments such as contact or email forms and suggestion boxes. Based on the citizen survey results, a quantitative website analysis was conducted to examine the level of sophistication of Greek municipal portals in regards to the most important e-government features. Results suggest that Greek local governments can be regarded as laggards in the provision of online services to citizens and businesses as well as the inclusion of information for tourists.

Developing a roadmap for planning and implementation of interoperability capability in e-government

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to propose a tool in the form of a roadmap for planning and implementation of interoperability capabilities. The issue of interoperability is gaining importance for offering services as “one-stop shop” due to rapid developments in the field of e-government in recent times. Several complexities are associated with this important dimension, and there is an urgent need for developing a tool to facilitate rollout of e-government projects with interoperability capabilities. The proposed roadmap can enable knowledge sharing among key stakeholders for building a common vision and contribute to planning and implementation of interoperability features of e-government. Design/methodology/approach – The paper is an exploratory study using the phenomenographic interpretive approach. The literature review identifies the facets and the issues that are crucial for facilitating interoperability. The status of interoperability in some of the developed countries is reviewed where e-government is in a relatively mature stage. Based on the review, this paper identifies an initial set of issues that can guide semi-structured interviews with policymakers, partners and the government agencies implementing e-government projects. The views of these key stakeholders are then analyzed and used for developing the roadmap for implementation of interoperability of e-government services. The findings are then mapped in India’s context for triangulation purpose. Findings – The paper provides insights into various planning and implementation issues that have to be addressed for building interoperability capability. A roadmap is proposed encompassing the essential legal, regulatory, organizational and technical aspects that are deemed essential for successful planning and implementation of interoperability capability. Research limitations/implications – The study has the limitation that the exploratory part of the study is based on inputs from key actors in the Indian context only. It needs to be validated by empirical studies in various contexts. Practical implications – The roadmap proposed will be useful for the policymakers, as it can guide them for planning and implementing e-government systems with interoperability capabilities. It can be used as a knowledge-sharing tool for spreading awareness of steps required for designing and implementing interoperability capabilities. Originality/value – The paper contributes by providing a tool in the form of a roadmap that can be used by the policymakers and implementers to take a holistic view of requirements for development of interoperability capabilities. The paper can form the basis for future research in specific issues of interoperability.

Individual and Contextual Determinants of Citizens Use of Government Websites

As government websites emerged as central features of e-government and even as public service delivery, concerns have grown about the digital divide—the separation of society into online and off-line citizens with varying access to this new source of government services and information. Yet, little is known about the characteristics of citizens that use, or do not use, government websites and utilizing data from the 2004 General Social Survey, a nationally representative sample, the authors examine the factors associated with citizens’ use of government websites at this key period in the evolution of the Internet. They consider various personal characteristics, such as socioeconomic status, race, gender, as well as political attitudes and behavior. Considered also are contextual characteristics, such as region of the country, type of employment and household structure. The results of this study are found further into the article.

Factors that Explain the Perceived Effectiveness of E-Government

This article examines the perceived effectiveness of e-government through a survey of city government Information Technology (IT) directors in the United States. The existing survey literature on e-government has primarily examined the features of e-government in terms of content and accessibility. This study is different in that it examines the performance of e-government through the lens of IT directors who should have knowledge on how effective e-government is for their city government. This research uses the citizen-initiated contacts with government literature as a way of understanding e-government effectiveness. Exploratory factor analysis reveals that e-government effectiveness is explained by management capacity, security and privacy, and collaboration in city governments. Of the three factors, the regression analysis carried out in this research indicated that management capacity and collaboration influenced e-government effectiveness. There was no evidence that security and privacy had a statistically significant impact on e-government effectiveness. The results of this study confirm much of the existing qualitative research that management capacity and collaboration are critical elements of e-government adoption.

Explaining the Adoption of E-Government Features

Recently, many studies have emerged to document how the public sector uses the Internet to provide information and services, but very few have analyzed the factors that influence the adoption decision of e-government features. This study proposes a model of innovation adoption that integrates internal organizational factors and external peer influence and empirically tests how these factors influence Iowa county treasurers’ decisions to launch a departmental Web site and adopt other e-government features. Our results show that the factors influencing these two decisions are different but that both decisions are driven by the concerns about staff resistance. The authors conclude by discussing the implications of these findings for policy makers and directions for future research on e-government development.

Crucial Elements for A Local Electronic Government Index: A Communication-Oriented Approach

The idea of e-government has received much attention from academicians, politicians, and even from businessman during the past decade. However, as to the characteristics of e-government, different scholars emphasize different aspects, which makes a common definition of e-government remain elusive. The first objective of this paper is to suggest crucial elements of e-government, especially of local e-government. To that end, the paper first discusses how the purposes and functions of e-governments differ according to their level or scope. That is, national level e-government has different purposes and functions than local level e-government. In turn, this paper also suggests the communication-oriented characteristics of local e-government. The crucial elements will be suggested according to different dimension of communications: administrative communication, political communication, business communication, and social communication. Finally, I apply the crucial elements of local e-government to consider twenty-five city governments in Metropolitan Seoul and evaluate the degree to which particular functions and services for communication are available in the