Characteristics Of Communication Channel Research Articles

Effect of Online Word of Mouth on Product Sales: Focusing on Communication-Channel Characteristics

Effect of Online Word of Mouth on Product Sales: Focusing on Communication-Channel Characteristics

Information Interactions: The Criteria of the Choice of Communication Channels in a Scientific and Technical Library

This paper considers the problem of choosing communication channels for building an effective interaction between a scientific and technical library (STL) and enterprise specialists. It emphasizes the need to expand the scope and integrated use of these channels. The characteristics of communication channels that must be considered when developing a communication policy are presented. Examples of compiling communication matrixes are given for the purpose of analyzing channels that are promising for use in information services.

A Simulation Platform to Study the Human Body Communication Channel.

Human Body Communication (HBC) is an attractive low complexity technology with promising applications in wearable biomedical sensors. In this paper, a simple parametric model based on the finite-element method (FEM) using a full human body model is developed to virtually emulate and examine the HBC channel. FEM allows better modeling and quantification of the underlying physical phenomena including the impact of the human body for the desired applications. By adjusting the parameters of the model, a good match with the limited measurement results in the literature is observed. Having a flexible and customizable simulation platform could be very helpful to better understand the communication medium for capacitively coupled electrodes in HBC. This knowledge, in turn, leads to better transceiver design for given applications. The platform presented here can also be extended to study communication channel characteristics when the HBC mechanism is used by an implant device.

Design of the Disconnection Fault Detection System for Low Voltage Cable in Power System

The paper proposes a designed scheme for the fault detection system of low voltage cable breakage in power system. By analyzing the characteristics of low voltage power line communication channel, establishing the channel characteristic model and comparing the measurement data with the simulation model, the author summarizes the impedance characteristics, noise characteristics and attenuation characteristics. It can be concluded that the suitable frequency range for communication is between 120kHz and 20kHz. The signal modulation method is studied, that the spread spectrum modulation is a preferred method. It also shows good results in the simulation. The object testing is done. The device and test method selected by author can be used to realize the early warning function of the power system low-voltage cable disconnection fault.

Localization of Energy Harvesting Empowered Underwater Optical Wireless Sensor Networks

This paper proposes a received signal strength (RSS)-based localization framework for energy harvesting underwater optical wireless sensor networks (EH-UOWSNs), where the optical noise sources and channel impairments of seawater pose significant challenges on range estimation. In UOWSNs, energy limitation is another major problem due to the limited battery power and difficulty to replace or recharge the battery of an underwater sensor node. In the proposed framework, sensor nodes with insufficient battery harvest ambient energy and start communicating once they have sufficient storage of energy. Network localization is carried out by measuring the RSSs of active nodes, which are modeled based on the underwater optical communication channel characteristics. Thereafter, block kernel matrices are computed for the RSS-based range measurements. Unlike the traditional shortest-path approach, the proposed technique reduces the estimation error of the shortest path for each block kernel matrix. Once the complete block kernel matrices are available, a closed form localization technique is developed to find the location of every optical sensor node in the network. An analytical expression for the Cramer–Rao lower bound is also derived as a benchmark to evaluate the localization performance of the developed technique. The extensive simulations show that the proposed framework outperforms the well-known network localization techniques.

MODEL OF RECEPTION AND TRANSMISSION SYSTEM IN CONDITIONS OF LIMITED RESOURCES

More and more users have the opportunity to work on the Internet in real time. But, there is still a problem of displaying content, in case of a poor communication channel or insufficient characteristics of user devices. This significantly affects the quality of information reproduction: image delay and its quali-ty, lack of synchronization of video and sound, etc. Recently, research, development and application of methods and means of adapting content to the characteristics of software and hardware of a particular transmission and reception information system are aimed at creating new, more powerful, information com-pression methods, new transmission and reception information protocols, intelligent tools for analyzing and dynamically adjusting the processes of the transmission and reception information. Another direction is the development of more powerful hardware for all components of transmission and reception information sys-tem. A common disadvantage of these approaches is quite significant costs for their implementation. In addi-tion, a number of solutions are specialized and impose severe restrictions on the use of specific software and hardware configurations. But, such solutions cannot be applied in a large number of areas because of their considerable high cost and complexity of development. Therefore, effective, but at the same time, budgetary technical solutions are necessary, both for the transmitting and receiving parts of the transmission and re-ception information system. The work has developed models for a system for receiving and transmitting in-formation that can be used in conditions of limited resources. To assess the quality of the developed models, an experiment was conducted among students of the system software department. As a result of the experi-ment, it was proved that the quality of the process of receiving and transmitting information increased by 97% due to the use of the developed models.

Vehicular Channels: Characteristics, Models and Implications on Communication Systems Design

The application of information and communication technologies to road transportation systems can significantly improve safety and traffic flow. This requires setting up vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communication links. Two technologies, based on the IEEE 802.11p and on the long-term evolution for vehicular communications (LTE-V) standards, have been proposed for this purpose. This paper analyzes the relation between the characteristics of vehicular communication channels and the parameters of the referred systems, with particular emphasis on the physical and medium access control layers. To this end, the primary factors that influence V2V and V2I channels and their main characteristics are firstly described. Illustrative results for a highway scenario, as well as a summary of the channel parameters reported in the literature, are given. The employed modeling approaches are then reviewed and representative examples of the two foremost strategies are provided. The key parameters of the IEEE 802.11p and LTE-V physical layers are then summarized and its suitability to deal with the time and frequency selectivity of vehicular channels is compared. Distortion caused by the time variation of the channel is examined and design challenges related to important aspects like synchronization, multiple access interference and channel estate information estimation are discussed.

Experimental Analysis of Ultra-Wideband Body-to-Body Communication Channel Characterization in an Indoor Environment

This paper presents an experimental and analytical investigation of ultra-wideband (3-8 GHz) body-to-body (B-to-B) channel characterization. The channel parameters obtained are compared with off-body (off-B) and no-body (no-B) links. Measurements have been carried out considering different body positions and orientation of the Tx-Rx pair. The type of channel link and position of the wearable antenna lead to significant changes in the radio link channel. Path loss (PL) computed shows the increase in magnitude for non line of sight (NLOS) in comparison to line of sight (LOS), though the variation over a distance of 5 m is more significant for LOS (10 dB) than NLOS links (4-5 dB). For total NLOS links, B-to-B channels have slightly higher PL and delay spread parameters in comparison to off-B channel. The B-to-B LOS channels have least PL (44-56 dB), rms delay spread (0.5-4 ns), and multipath components (3-20) which can be attributed to the directional radiation pattern due to the presence of the human body for both Tx and Rx nodes. For back-to-back antenna orientation of the B-to-B channel, maximum signal strength degradation and multipath are observed. It can be concluded that for certain links, the B-to-B channel shows a significant change in channel behavior in comparison to off-B/no-B scenario.

Cyclic Signals and Systems in Power Line Communications

This paper provides a comprehensive discussion about the characteristics of power line communication (PLC) channels related to its synchronization with the mains period. This fact constitutes an interesting and distinguishing feature of these kind of channels. Under the mains voltage presence, the behavior of some loads connected to the power network allows representing the transmission medium as a linear periodically time varying (LPTV) system. Some components in the received noise exhibit periodicity as well, in terms of impulsive waveforms synchronized with the mains period and other cyclostationary (CS) signals. This fact has been taken into account in the design of PLC systems, for instance by defining medium access control (MAC) frames synchronized with the mains period and by adapting the modulation to the cyclic signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) to improve the system performance. Hence, in PLC, it is of particular interest to describe the general relations of LPTV systems and CS signals when both have a common period, which is the purpose of this work. It is not aimed at providing new mathematical tools for the analysis of these cyclic signals and systems, which have been extensively developed over the last five decades, but to serve the readers of the PLC community more accessible mathematical relations that can be applied to the practical problems they have to face. A review of recent works dealing with the cyclic properties of PLC channels and transmission techniques aware of these strategies is included as well.

Distributed Fusion Estimation for Sensor Network

In this paper, we propose a distributed fusion estimation for sensor networks using a receding horizon strategy. Communication channels were modelled as Markov jump systems, and a posterior probability distribution for communication channel characteristics was calculated and incorporated into the filter to allow distributed fusion estimation to handle path loss observation situations automatically. To implement distributed fusion estimation, a Kalman-Consensus filter was then used to obtain the average consensus, based on the estimates of sensors randomly distributed across sensor networks. The advantages of the proposed algorithms were then verified using a large-scale sensor network example.

Study on Doctor-patient Communication Based on the Hospital Microblogs

Hospital microblog can be used as a platform for new media advertising health knowledge to public and do communication with patients. This study selects the influential 15 hospitals in medical industry. It analyses hospital microblogs as propagation characteristics of doctor-patient communication channel. The microblogs' behavioral was analyzed from multiple angles. The results show that microblog has become a new platform beyond traditional channels of communication between doctors and patients. This article suggests that blogs about the doctor-patient conflicts must have a clear mind and report the doctor-patient conflicts fairly and objectively, and then they will promote doctor-patient relationship sound development. Hospital microblog should analyze what is the common public’s most concerns about and the microblog platform should raise awareness of services the public and also help to promote the harmonious development of the doctor-patient relationship.

Time-series Modelling of IEC 61850 GOOSE Communication Traffic between IEDs in smart grids - a parametric analysis

Abstract Nowadays power grids are intelligent since their protection, supervision and control are held by a communication network through which different Intelligent Electronic Devices (IEDs) are interoperating. To design and maintain an efficient Substation Communication Network (SCN) with high transmission quality, developing a unitary mathematical model of the SCN data traffic as underlying paradigm of any control design approach is an important issue. In this paper, a stochastic representation of data traffic is derived, and a parametric analysis over the communication channel characteristics is presented. The identification method is illustrated on an electrical distribution grid containing two renewable sources which are exchanging information by means of IEC 61850 GOOSE (Generic Object-Oriented Substation Event) communication protocol in the context of a simple distributed reactive power control. The co-simulation and code process of both electrical and communication configurations are performed in MATLAB®/Simulink® environment.

Research on the Characteristics of the Low Voltage Power Line Carrier Communication Channel

Research on the Characteristics of the Low Voltage Power Line Carrier Communication Channel

Development of computer models for the study of characteristics and optimization of telemetric monitoring and control systems

A radio channel with Butterworth filters for monitoring and telemetry systems with single-band quadrature frequency manipulation is created. The communication channel for the speed of 180 000 (Bit / s) was investigated for the presence of a minimum of inter-symbol distortion. The organizational and technical measures for designing, testing and setting up a digital data transmission stand in the main band (without a carrier) are described to justify the theoretical positions. The characteristics of the digital communication channel .

A hybrid quantum eraser scheme for characterization of free-space and fiber communication channels

We demonstrate a simple projective measurement based on the quantum eraser concept that can be used to characterize the disturbances of any communication channel. Quantum erasers are commonly implemented as spatially separated path interferometric schemes. Here we exploit the advantages of redefining the which-path information in terms of spatial modes, replacing physical paths with abstract paths of orbital angular momentum (OAM). Remarkably, vector modes (natural modes of free-space and fiber) have a non-separable feature of spin–orbit coupled states, equivalent to the description of two independently marked paths. We explore the effects of fiber perturbations by probing a step-index optical fiber channel with a vector mode, relevant to high-order spatial mode encoding of information for ultra-fast fiber communications.

Received signal strength indicator‐based decentralised control for robust long‐range aerial networking using directional antennas

Aerial networking using directional antennas (ANDA) is referred as a promising solution for the networking of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and for the fast provision of on-demand communication infrastructure to the ground. The cyber constraints on communication channel characteristics and physical constraints on the payload, power, and mobility of UAVs make it challenging to achieve a robust ANDA. In this study, the authors develop a decentralised control algorithm for directional antennas mounted on two moving UAVs to achieve a robust broad-band long-distance communication channel. In particular, the self-alignment of UAV-mounted directional antennas over a long distance is achieved through fusing the Global Positioning System (GPS) and communication channel characteristic measured by received signal strength indicator, using unscented Kalman filter and fuzzy logic. The solution significantly enhances the performance of wireless communication channel in imperfect environment subject to the unavailability of GPS signals and unstable strength of wireless signals. Finally, simulations are performed to validate the decentralised directional antenna control approach.

High frequency underwater acoustic communication channel characteristics in the Gulf of Mexico

In the applications of underwater acoustic communications, higher carrier frequencies support wider bandwidth, which is preferable for achieving higher data rates. At the same time, due to stronger attenuation, higher frequencies lead to shorter communication ranges. During past decades, a large number of efforts were devoted to investigate acoustic communications for the band of 8-50 kHz, over the medium range of several kilometers and beyond. Several efforts focused on the very high frequencies, greater than 200 kHz, for short communication ranges, tens or hundreds of meters. Here we consider a frequency band that falls between the well-studied high frequencies 8-50 kHz, for example from the Kauai Island experiment series, and the “unknown” very high frequencies (200 kHz or higher). A high frequency acoustic experiment was conducted in the northern Gulf of Mexico in August, 2016 to examine the operating ranges, data rates, and performance of acoustic communication systems at the carrier frequencies of 8...

Mm-wave 26 GHz Channel Characterization for Future Wireless Communications

In this work, mm-wave 26 GHz channel characteristics are analyzed based on experimental channel measurements performed for both LOS and NLOS scenarios. Specifically, channel parameters like power delay profiles (PDPs), rms delay spread, path loss and shadow fading are analyzed. Results show that the LOS components dominant over other multipath components in this band. Rms delay spreads are larger in the LOS case than those in the NLOS case, as the LOS measurement positions are much further in the measurements. Radio wave propagates like in free space in LOS case, as the path loss exponent is quite close to free space value of 2. Shadow fading (in decibels) fits well with normal distributions. These results can provide useful information for the design of future wireless communication systems.

FACTORS INFLUENCING THE ADOPTION OF SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES: A REVIEW

Developing countries have seriously low adoption rates of sustainable agricultural practices (SAPs) and there is a need to understand why. This paper reviews 31 past studies focusing on the factors influencing the adoption of SAPs. Using a vote count methodology, SAPs adoption is revealed as a complex set of behaviors which depend on a range of socio-economic, agroecological, institutional, informational, psychological factors and perceived attributes. Identified within these six dimensions, male farmers, higher educational attainment levels, bigger farm size, steeper farms, and the presence of land right security emerge as common factors which often lead to adopt SAPs. These factors imply the general importance of economic motivations in facilitating sustainable farm management. In particular, gender, farm topography, and land tenure have a special role in the context of developing countries. These common factors, and other converged factors, lend support to drawing general policymaking guidelines by identifying the characteristics of potential adopters, promotion strategies, and effective communication channels. For effective local management, future research should consider a range of factors from multiple categories and identify the relative importance of statistically significant ones.

LRP: Link quality‐aware queue‐based spectral clustering routing protocol for underwater acoustic sensor networks

SummaryRecently, underwater acoustic sensor networks (UASNs) have been considered as a promising approach for monitoring and exploring the oceans in lieu of traditional underwater wireline instruments. As a result, a broad range of applications exists ranging from oil industry to aquaculture and includes oceanographic data collection, disaster prevention, offshore exploration, assisted navigation, tactical surveillance, and pollution monitoring. However, the unique characteristics of underwater acoustic communication channels, such as high bit error rate, limited bandwidth, and variable delay, lead to a large number of packet drops, low throughput, and significant waste of energy because of packets retransmission in these applications. Hence, designing an efficient and reliable data communication protocol between sensor nodes and the sink is crucial for successful data transmission in underwater applications. Accordingly, this paper is intended to introduce a novel nature‐inspired evolutionary link quality‐aware queue‐based spectral clustering routing protocol for UASN‐based underwater applications. Because of its distributed nature, link quality‐aware queue‐based spectral clustering routing protocol successfully distributes network data traffic load evenly in harsh underwater environments and avoids hotspot problems that occur near the sink. In addition, because of its double check mechanism for signal to noise ratio and Euclidean distance, it adopts opportunistically and provides reliable dynamic cluster‐based routing architecture in the entire network. To sum up, the proposed approach successfully finds the best forwarding relay node for data transmission and avoids path loops and packet losses in both sparse and densely deployed UASNs. Our experimental results obtained in a set of extensive simulation studies verify that the proposed protocol performs better than the existing routing protocols in terms of data delivery ratio, overall network throughput, end‐to‐end delay, and energy efficiency.