Character Traits Research Articles

Local factors drive leaf breakdown in tropical streams

Plants of riparian forests provide abundant dead leaves for freshwater stream ecosystems which support detritus-based food webs. The increased replacement from natural riparian forests to Eucalyptus plantations, an exotic species distributed throughout the neotropic landscapes, alters leaf breakdown as a key ecosystem process. We evaluate the breakdown of native and exotic leaf species with distinct physical and chemical characteristics (traits) in two different tropical reference condition streams located in Cerrado and Atlantic Forest biomes. We tested the hypothesis that regardless of the leaves’ origin (native or non-native species), leaf litter with higher nutrients and less recalcitrant compounds has higher decay rates. Eucalyptus camaldulensis leaf breakdown was faster than the native species Miconia chartacea in both streams. Leaf breakdown was driven by local characteristics (context dependent) and the macrodecomposer community, with more intensity to the litter's intrinsic physical and chemical quality. The higher leaf breakdown of E. camaldulensis was evidenced in the Atlantic Forest stream, that with the most increased water flow, further accelerating the leaf breakdown. Our findings indicate that due to the innate physical and chemical characteristics of E. camaldulensis, its decomposition occurs at a faster rate compared to native tropical species, as evidenced by the stream flows.

Формальная модель оценки образа персонажа художественного произведения (на материале романа Дж. Оруэлла «1984»)

The aim of the research is to develop and test a formal model for evaluating the image of a character in a fictional work based on the corpus approach. The scientific originality lies in the fact that for the first time such an analysis of the character of a fictional work is carried out on the basis of the corpus approach. In the course of the work, a balanced corpus of the original text of the novel “1984” by G. Orwell was formed, which includes the marking of hierarchical relationships between the tokens. A number of search queries to the corpus were carried out using the author’s software “Balanced Linguistic Corpus Generator and Corpus Manager”. With the help of this tool, a frequency list of proper names from the novel was obtained and lists of tokens characterizing its main characters were output. The data obtained is extracted during the operation of a special algorithm built into the corpus manager, which selects from the text significant character traits and related lexical units. Thus, a model for evaluating the image of a character is built as a formal description of a system of interconnected hierarchical text elements. The results of the study were analyzed and compared with the results of mental interpretation. Thus, the characters’ profiles were compiled in terms of a formal description of their actions and those objects to which their actions were directed.

Evaluation of an integration community project for asylum seekers in Sweden: physical activity adherence and changes in character traits and life satisfaction

Asylum seekers’ traumatic experiences in combination with discrimination, social isolation, and exclusion in the host country leads to low adherence from health and integration initiatives. Along with their inability to seek health care and physical inactivity, this situation increases their mental illness and, most importantly, decreases their well-being. In fact, the lack of well-being (e.g., life satisfaction) is a better marker of mortality and morbidity than the presence of mental illness. In this context, one of the major single determinants of well-being is character, a dimension of personality that stands for self-regulation, adaptation, and intentional conscious behavior (i.e., goals and values). Host countries often implement integration initiatives including activities aiming to attenuate mental illness, but only a handful are evaluated and reported, with even fewer addressing character development, increases in life satisfaction, or adherence. Our aim was to evaluate the integration initiative “Health for Everyone—Sport, Culture, and Integration”, a 10-week physical activity community project. Specifically, we investigated changes in life satisfaction and character traits (i.e., Self-Directedness, Cooperativeness, and Self-Transcendence) and if these variables, at baseline, predicted adherence and changes in physiological health (i.e., cardiorespiratory fitness, skeletal muscle mass, body fat mass, and visceral fat). Participants (n = 269) answered (pre and post measurements) the Satisfaction with Life Scale, the Short Character Inventory, and undertook physiological tests. In addition, their attendance to the physical activity sessions was registered throughout the project (i.e., adherence). Participants showed no significant increases in Self-Directedness, Cooperativeness, or life satisfaction, but significant decreases in Self-Transcendence. Moreover, higher life satisfaction and lower Self-Transcendence at baseline predicted higher adherence to the activity. However, neither character traits nor life satisfaction predicted changes in physiological health. We argue that low frequency physical activity initiatives may improve this population’s physical health because participants probably have a sedentary life and low levels of physical health due to their asylum conditions (e.g., unemployment, low income, poor housing and social network). Furthermore, physical activity per se may not improve the well-being of asylum seekers. Hence, promoting well-being and character development might require person-centered initiatives focusing on the whole individual in order to fit programmes to the needs and life situation of this population.

Beyond Symptoms – A Cross-Sectional Study Exploring Functioning in Psychiatric Outpatients

Objective This study aimed to explore factors influencing functioning in psychiatric outpatients, both separately and in combination. The primary objectives were to determine predictors of functioning, assess their significance in a combined analysis, and quantify their collective predictive power. Method A sample of 137 psychiatric outpatients diagnosed with bipolar disorder, borderline personality disorder, or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) participated in this cross-sectional study, undergoing semi-structured diagnostic interviews for psychiatric and personality disorders. Participants also completed assessments of current functioning, personality traits (temperament and character), attachment style, and childhood trauma. Linear regression models were employed to analyse the relationships between these factors and level of functioning. Results The majority of temperament and character traits and attachment dimensions, as well as having a personality disorder, predicted impaired functioning, but comorbidity and childhood trauma did not. When all variables were taken into account in a multiple regression analysis, only the temperament and character traits Harm Avoidance and Self-directedness remained significantly predictive (p = .006 and .003, respectively). These two factors explain about one-third of the variance. Conclusions Personality traits—more specifically, the temperament trait Harm Avoidance and the character trait Self-directedness—are strong predictors of functioning among psychiatric outpatients. Interestingly, when accounting for these factors, traditionally associated variables, such as attachment, comorbidity, and childhood trauma, lost their significance as predictors. These findings underscore the pivotal role of specific personality traits in understanding and predicting the functioning of psychiatric patients.

Gender differences and the association between the phenomenological characteristics of autobiographical memories and psychopathic traits in a university student sample

ABSTRACT The study aimed to analyse the relationship between the dimensions of the triarchic model of psychopathy (meanness, boldness and disinhibition) and the phenomenological characteristics of Autobiographical Memory (AM) in a sample of university students, examining potential gender differences. Participants (N = 260; 55.4% women; aged 18-25) performed an AM task, followed by the Autobiographical Memory Characteristics Questionnaire and the Triarchic Psychopathy Measure. We found gender differences, with men scoring higher than women in meanness and disinhibition as well as in precision, accessibility, sharing and narrative coherence of AM. Correlations showed that boldness was negatively related to the valence and emotional intensity of the memory. Meanness was positively associated with precision, sensory details, accessibility, sharing, narrative coherence, distancing and preoccupation with emotions and negatively with recollection. Disinhibition was positively related to precision, sensory details and accessibility and negatively to intensity, distancing and preoccupation with emotions. Our results suggest that psychopathic traits could predict certain characteristics of AM, highlighting the predictive value of meanness, especially regarding memory quality characteristics (e.g., precision), as well as disinhibition, concerning the emotional content (e.g., preoccupation with emotions). Our results contribute to understanding psychopathy through an autobiographical perspective, showing how psychopathic traits may shape how people remember personal events.

Perempuan Sumber Sial Dalam Hadis Shahih Bukhari Nomor 5903 (Kajian Tahlili)

This research discusses the hadith in Sahih Bukhari that narrates that one of the places of misfortune is women. Textually, this hadith is controversial as it is perceived to contain misogynistic suggestions conveyed by the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him). The purpose of this research is to comprehensively understand the process of transmission and the scholars' interpretation of this hadith. Additionally, this research also attempts to interpret the hadith through the contemporary Fiqh al-Hadith methodology proposed by contemporary scholars. The researcher employs a qualitative inductive method, obtaining data and information by collecting classical Islamic texts, including those that specifically explain the related hadith as well as other relevant books. These include books on hadith terminology, hadith commentaries, hadith text, and hadith narrator studies, among others. This research finds that the Sahih Bukhari hadith number 5093 is of hasan quality. This hadith also has many corroborating and supporting narrations of better grades. Meanwhile, the meaning of misfortune contained in it, according to the majority of scholars, is attributed to women temporarily and not permanently. Misfortune is associated with women when they have bad character, infertility, and other non-permanent negative traits. In the mubadalah (reciprocal) method, misfortune is not only attributed to women but also to men, as men can also experience infertility, bad character, and other non-permanent negative traits.

Сочетание страховых и бюджетных механизмов в пенсионном обеспечении военнослужащих и приравненных к ним лиц: дефекты российской модели пенсионного страхования

The article studies special aspects of double pension support of military servicemen and equalstatus persons from the standpoint of characteristic traits of the Russian pension insurance model and its fundamental insurance principles. The author pays attention to gaps in legal regulation of matters of mandatory pension insurance of military servicemen and equal-status persons and concludes that there is a need to eliminate the defects in laws on pension insurance of special subjects.

Genomes of diverse Actinidia species provide insights into cis-regulatory motifs and genes associated with critical traits

BackgroundKiwifruit, belonging to the genus Actinidia, represents a unique fruit crop characterized by its modern cultivars being genetically diverse and exhibiting remarkable variations in morphological traits and adaptability to harsh environments. However, the genetic mechanisms underlying such morphological diversity remain largely elusive.ResultsWe report the high-quality genomes of five Actinidia species, including Actinidia longicarpa, A. macrosperma, A. polygama, A. reticulata, and A. rufa. Through comparative genomics analyses, we identified three whole genome duplication events shared by the Actinidia genus and uncovered rapidly evolving gene families implicated in the development of characteristic kiwifruit traits, including vitamin C (VC) content and fruit hairiness. A range of structural variations were identified, potentially contributing to the phenotypic diversity in kiwifruit. Notably, phylogenomic analyses revealed 76 cis-regulatory elements within the Actinidia genus, predominantly associated with stress responses, metabolic processes, and development. Among these, five motifs did not exhibit similarity to known plant motifs, suggesting the presence of possible novel cis-regulatory elements in kiwifruit. Construction of a pan-genome encompassing the nine Actinidia species facilitated the identification of gene DTZ79_23g14810 specific to species exhibiting extraordinarily high VC content. Expression of DTZ79_23g14810 is significantly correlated with the dynamics of VC concentration, and its overexpression in the transgenic roots of kiwifruit plants resulted in increased VC content.ConclusionsCollectively, the genomes and pan-genome of diverse Actinidia species not only enhance our understanding of fruit development but also provide a valuable genomic resource for facilitating the genome-based breeding of kiwifruit.

PENTINGNYA AJARAN AGAMA KRISTEN DALAM FASE PERKEMBANGAN PSIKOLOGI ANAK USIA 8-9 TAHUN

This article examines the importance of Christian religious teachings in the psychological development of 8-9 year old children using a literature review method. Through literature analysis, it is found that Christian teachings play a significant role in the cognitive, emotional, moral, and social development of children. Christian values such as love, honesty, and forgiveness help children understand concepts of right and wrong, as well as develop empathy and critical thinking skills. Religious activities also contribute to mental health and strong self-identity. Furthermore, social interactions within the church community support the development of social skills and children’s sense of competence. In conclusion, Christian religious teachings provide a strong foundation for the holistic development of children, shaping positive character traits and supporting their success in social and academic life.

Мнение молодежи об абьюзивных партнерских отношениях в американском кинематографе XXI века

The article is devoted to studying the youth’s and future filmmakers’ opinions about abuse in partner relationships in modern American cinema. In modern culture, abuse has become somewhat of a trend. The research reveals that both theoretically and in real life, the boundaries of the concept of “abuse” are often blurred. Respondents also tend to confuse the notion of “abuse” with a partner’s character traits or existing difficulties in the relationship. The majority of the young people surveyed (71 %) expressed a negative attitude towards scenes of abuse in American cinema. At the same time, they believe that the presence of abuse in partnerships on screen can perform an educational and therapeutic functions for young people, and that art should not hush up those phenomena that are observed in real life.

Influence of Functional Traits of Dominant Species of Different Life Forms and Plant Communities on Ecological Stoichiometric Traits in Karst Landscapes.

Assessing the functional traits and ecological stoichiometric characteristics of dominant species across different life forms within plant communities in karst environments and investigating the inherent connection between them can provide insights into how species adjust their functional attributes in response to habitat heterogeneity. This approach offers a more comprehensive understanding of ecosystem processes and functions in contrast to examination of the taxonomic diversity of species. This study examines the relationship between the functional characteristics of dominant species in plant communities of various life forms in karst environments, focusing on deciduous leaf-soil ecological stoichiometry. The investigation relies on community science surveys, as well as the determination and calculation of plant functional traits and ecological stoichiometries, in plant communities of various life forms in Guizhou (a province of China). The findings of our study revealed considerable variability in the functional trait characteristics of dominant species across different plant-community life forms. Specifically, strong positive correlations were observed among plant height (PLH), leaf area (LA), leaf dry matter content (LDMC), and specific leaf area (SLA) in the dominant species. Additionally, our results indicated no significant differences in leaf ecological stoichiometry among different life forms. However, we did observe significant differences and strong positive correlations between soil N:P, withered material C:N, and apomictic C:P. Furthermore, our study found that plant height (PLH), leaf area (LA), and specific leaf area (SLA) were particularly sensitive to the ecological stoichiometry of soil and apomixis. The results of our study suggest that the functional traits of diverse plant-community life forms in karst regions are capable of adapting to environmental changes through various expressions and survival strategies. The development of various plant-community life forms in karst areas is particularly vulnerable to phosphorus limitation, and the potential for litter decomposition and soil nutrient mineralization is comparatively weaker. The functional traits of various plant-community life forms in karst regions exhibit greater sensitivity to both the soil's C:N ratio and the C:N ratio of apomictic material. Habitat variations may influence the ecological stoichiometric characteristics of the plant leaf-apomictic soil continuum.

Analysis of Phenotypic Trait Variation in Germplasm Resources of Lycium ruthenicum Murr.

Exploring the phenotypic trait variation and diversity of Lycium ruthenicum germplasm resources can support selection, breeding, and genetic improvement, enhancing agricultural production. This study collected 213 wild Lycium ruthenicum seedlings from a resource nursery in Alxa League, Inner Mongolia. These seedlings originated from eight sources across four provinces. Using 11 pseudo-qualitative traits and 20 quantitative traits, the phenotypic variation of the germplasm was analyzed. The analysis involved the coefficient of variation, Shannon–Wiener index (H), Simpson’s genetic diversity index (D), principal component analysis, correlation analysis, and Q-type cluster analysis. The results showed that the variation range of 31 phenotypic traits across the 213 Lycium ruthenicum germplasm resources was 17.26% to 105.41%, with an average coefficient of variation of 39.85%. The H and D indexes ranged from 0.18 to 1.58 and 0.20 to 0.75, respectively. For the 11 pseudo-qualitative traits, the H and D ranges were 0.18 to 1.58 and 0.07 to 0.74, with average values of 0.77 and 0.42. For the quantitative traits, the H and D ranges were 0.54 to 1.49 and 0.25 to 0.75, with average values of 1.21 and 0.63. This indicates that Lycium ruthenicum germplasm resources exhibit significant phenotypic diversity, with quantitative traits showing higher diversity than pseudo-qualitative traits. Principal component analysis revealed that the cumulative variance contribution rate of the first 10 principal components was 74.03%, comprehensively reflecting the information of the 31 traits. Q-type cluster analysis grouped the 213 Lycium ruthenicum germplasm resources into six clusters, each with distinct phenotypic characteristics. This analysis also identified the trait characteristics and breeding value of each cluster. The results of this study provide valuable information on the genetic improvement, conservation, and evaluation of Lycium ruthenicum germplasm resources.

ЗА НЕКОИ ОНИМИСКИ ФРАЗЕОЛОГИЗМИ КАРАКТЕРИСТИЧНИ ЗА ТЕТОВСКИОТ КРАЈ

Onymic phraseology has a significant place in Macedonian phraseology. They are a heterogeneous group, because they can be composed of different basic components (personal name, surname, nickname, toponym, chrematonym, etc.). In our paper we will look at several phraseological expressions in which an anthroponym is used, and that’s a characteristic of the city of Tetovo and its surroundings. Usually, such expressions are referred to people from the past or present, who stood out from others according to some of their character traits, their appearance or behavior. Such phraseological units are mostly known to people from a certain place, but sometimes some of them are published more widely. We have decided on such a topic because we believe that expressions like: Se nakjitila ka Sava Chvarkojca; Ka Dara and Vela sa; Ide po put ka Coste Ratajski, etc. should be given special attention, to be interpreted and perpetuated.

Investigation Of Character Values In Students Through Festivals In Minangkabau Culture Subjects

This research aims to describe the instillation of character values in students through cultural festivals using a descriptive quantitative approach. Data collection was conducted through surveys, which assessed students' understanding of the character values imparted during various festival activities, such as *baralek gadang*, *randai*, traditional dance, *manampih bareh*, and *petatah petitih*. The results reveal that the majority of students possess a good to very good understanding of these character values, as demonstrated by the data analysis, which showed a score of 87.54%. The research findings suggest that the Minangkabau cultural festival plays a significant role in shaping students' positive attitudes and character development by promoting important values like cooperation, tolerance, responsibility, and cultural pride. These results underscore the effectiveness of using local cultural practices as a means of character education. The integration of local wisdom, such as the Minangkabau festival, can enhance students' personal growth and moral development, making it a vital component in higher education curricula. The study highlights the broader benefits of embedding cultural traditions within the educational system to foster a stronger connection between students and their cultural heritage, while simultaneously building essential character traits

Sosiopat di Lingkungan Sosial dalam Karya Seni Grafis Relief Print

The purpose of the final work is to visualize the characteristics of antisocial traits in order to increase knowledge about antisocial traits and avoid them. The method of creation carried out in the final work has stages from the beginning of the process to the end, namely the preparation, elaboration, synthesis, concept realization, and completion or finishing stages in the work. In the process of making the final work measuring 50 cm x 40 cm using the Filter Printing technique, there are 10 pieces with the titles namely: Sharp Gaze, Charismatic, Impulsive, Foothold, Liar, No Regrets, Wolf in Sheep's Clothing, Manipulator v.1, Manipulator v.2, Manipulator v3.

Ментально-поведенческие особенности поколений россиян (по социологическим материалам)

In the context of the social transformation of Russian society, various contradictions (obvious and latent) took place in different spheres of society. In particular, there are noticeable differences in the mental and behavioral characteristics (traits, characteristics, mentality) of Russians generations causing destructive effects and social conflicts, including in intergenerational relationships. The article is based on the analysis of the problem situation: which positive and negative features are most characteristic of Russians, according to the estimates of respondents of different age and generational groups? The general assessment of their generation by the majority of respondents is generally quite positive. The distribution of positive and negative traits of generations, compiled on the basis of respondents' assessments, shows noticeable mental and behavioral differences between the younger, middle and older generations, especially the younger generation. However, the mental autonomy of the younger generation cannot be considered as a semblance of complete (especially absolute) isolation and separation of youth from other generations. At the same time, according to the sociological data, despite the critical attitude towards the state of large masses of Russians, the potential of patriotism and citizenship is very high and predominant in all age-generational groups.

Influence of personality, biases on financial risk tolerance among retail investors in India

Investors’ personality traits and psychological biases play a crucial role in the decision-making process and risk-taking behavior of investors. The emotional and psychological factors impact the decision-making, giving rise to biases. These biases make investors make irrational decisions, which signifies the need for this study. This study aims to assess investors’ personalities using HEXACO model and its interaction with biases and financial risk tolerance. The data of 530 retail investors in India, who had more than 2 years of investing experience in the stock market, were collected. The study considered the HEXACO model since it captures all dimensions of personality that are not considered in the commonly used Big Five Model (BFM). The result of structural equation modeling and mediation analysis shows that the ‘honesty-humility’ trait significantly affects overconfidence bias. The mediation analysis of biases between traits and financial risk tolerance showed complete, partial, and no mediation effect depending on the nature of prejudice. Clear distinction of personality traits into ‘virtue traits’ and ‘character traits’ can be observed. This clear distinction paves the way for employing the HEXACO model in future studies.

Character-Driven Narratives in D&D5E and Fate: Core System

What if the characters we create in games could shape a game’s storyline, making our character creation choices the driving force behind unforgettable narratives? This study explores character- driven narrative design in tabletop roleplayinggame (TTRPG) rulesets, aiming to identify features that lead to character-driven narratives. With consideration of the complexities of interactive mediums we use narratological ideas presented by Eladhari, Chatman, Todorov and others to compare the features of Dungeons & Dragons 5th Edition (Wizards of the Coast 2016) and Fate: Core System (Evil Hat Productions 2013). We present a promising approach for TTRPG design, and argue that Fate: Core Systems active approach to using character traits to generate conflict leads to more character-centric narratives when compared to the Inspiration mechanic that many Dungeons & Dragons 5E players are familiar with.

Manifestations of Paranoid Personality in Workaholic Middle Managers.

The problem of paranoid disorders is widespread and difficult to diagnose due to the many mental symptoms that a person often perceives as character traits. Passion for work, the so-called pathological workaholism, harms not only the suffering person but also all the people around them, affecting their quality of life and disrupting social and family ties. The purpose of study was to determine the level of pathological workaholism and its main symptoms. The objectives of the study included interviewing respondents and identifying the correlation between the level of workaholism and mental manifestations, and finding differences in the manifestations of workaholism in men and women. For this purpose, 78 people were examined, including 38 women and 40 men. All participants worked as middle managers in multinational companies. The aim was to identify people with pathological workaholism among the participants using the "Work Addiction Risk Test" questionnaire. Among managers, a high degree of predisposition to workaholism was diagnosed. We found that women have a strong tendency to be fixated on work, and as a result, they have increased rumination anxiety. Regardless of gender, managers who took part in the study showed a pronounced manifestation of paranoid and obsessive-phobic disorders, depression, and asthenic manifestations. Regarding the relationship between neurotic symptoms and a tendency to workaholism, a high correlation was observed ( p < 0.05). The results of this study may be useful for specialists to develop means of preventing and effectively treating paranoid workaholism, as a disease that is increasingly having a negative impact on society.

Developing Learning Innovation of Digital Open Badge in Social Studies to Enhance Citizenship Characteristics of Secondary School Students

This study aims to synthesize theories and concepts related to educational management, personality traits, and citizenship characteristics evident in the education systems of the United Kingdom, Canada, the United States, Singapore, and Thailand; to develop an innovative model of open-badge digital social education to enhance the cultivation of citizenship characteristics among high school students in Chiang Mai; and to study the results of developing digital badge innovations to enhance the development of students’ personality traits and citizenship characteristics in the educational innovation area of Chiang Mai province. A mixed-method approach is employed in order to synthesize the universal core values that ensure societal peace within diverse communities from the curricula of the five countries. When comparing the results with the Thai context, it becomes apparent that the Thai curriculum still lacks precise definitions of “universal core values” and activities that instill these core values. Through purposive sampling, this study extracts the necessary values from the opinions of involved personnel and pilot schools in the Education Sandbox program in Chiang Mai. The results suggest that ten core values need to be addressed firmly in the Digital Open Badge learning innovation and guidelines for both in-class and out-of-class activities. The citizenship characteristics platform and guidelines in social studies are designed based on the 5Ts Action Learning model with 40 hours of observation. The outcomes demonstrate that overall satisfaction with the curriculum is high. Notable changes from interviews and observations indicate that responsibility and cooperation are the most significant changes in students’ character traits. These traits are expressed mostly at the individual level (35.02%), followed by the family level (29.39%), the community level (22.62%), and lastly, the global level (12.97%).