Character Of Leadership Research Articles

Leadership and Social Mobility in a Southeast Asian Society: Minahasa, 1677–1983. By M. J. C. Schouten. Leiden: KITLV Press, 1998. xi, 334 pp.

Based on extensive anthropological and historical research, this book focuses on patterns and processes of social mobility. The character of leadership in tribal society, then under the colonial bureaucracy, and later in modern Indonesia are discussed. Besides political changes, changes in economic conditions and in religion have had a considerable influence on mobility. These processes are illustrated by a case study of a local community.

The decline and fall of the roman empire lessons on management

The Roman Empire experienced decline and renewal on many occasions. While certainly political in nature, the solution to these imperial crises also entailed the successful application of management. In examining the history of these imperial crises, four major managerial themes can be seen: (1) organizational legitimacy, (2) anti-corruption, (3) organizational stability, and (4) effective leadership. The combination of these led to an assured imperial renewal. First renewal entailed the identification of the regime with what could be termed as an “organizational culture” -- the moral ideal of the Empire. Second, renewal entailed reform of the abuses and corruption that had, in many instances, contributed to the decline. Third, renewal necessitated the institutionalization of these reforms thought the establishment of an effective administrative structure. Fourth, the strength of character of visionary leadership was required. The Roman Empire endured through its ability to integrate these four elements - legitimacy, anti-corruption, stability and leadership. Its success at this enabled Rome to govern the vast Mediterranean world. To a great extent this success represents the triumph of management.

Executive Leadership and Administration

The theories of administration advanced by the Founders and by Woodrow Wilson bear striking similarities. First, the Founders and Wilson alike thought it impossible to discuss administration proper without raising profound political questions such as the proper separation of powers, the nature and amount of executive energy, and the role of reason and passion in public life. Second, both agreed on the necessity of an energetic executive that was both unitary and responsible. But despite these areas of agreement, Wilson and the Founders disagreed on several issues, perhaps nowhere more fundamentally than on the source of executive energy and the character of public leadership.

Party Membership in Soviet Research Institutes

AbstractThe essential purpose of this article is to determine the extent of the CPSU's membership presence in modern Soviet science,1 as part of a larger study of the Party's involvement in science management. Statistics alone cannot determine the state of Party-science relations, but a study of the nature of and changes in Party membership rates and recruitment patterns provide hypotheses to be tested by descriptive analyses of Soviet science politics and policy-making in larger studies. This study begins with a section on the historical development of Party membership among scientists which might seem unconnected with the the rest of the article, but which in fact is of some importance in gaining an understanding of the character of the top scientific leadership of today. Modern Soviet statistics and descriptive data from both Soviet and émigré sources are then used to arrive at measures of Party membership levels in Soviet research institutes among all categories of personnel. A somewhat discriminatory policy in Party recruitment among the intelligentsia in conditions of a rapidly expanding research establishment has produced a rather lower level of Party membership than might have been expected. Nevertheless the Party presence, at all levels, is impressively solid. The concluding section of the article, which examines the incentives and motivations of researchers to join the Party, confirms the enormous significance of even such a limited aspect of the CPSU's involvement in science as simple Party membership.

The Search for Identity in American Music, 1890-1920

A desire for national identifiability strongly tinged activities of Americans in many walks of life between 1890 and 1920. During these years Americans boasted of having on many stages of world activity--the military, the economic, the diplomatic. Having arrived implied a maturity and strength of leadership which commanded status, if only begrudgingly, in the eyes of world leaders. It also portended a character of leadership which was distinctive. The world of the arts did not go unnoticed amidst this. A great exceptional culture had be so in many areas, not just in those of power and wealth. Here the United States could not be so boastful at the turn of the century. Indeed, some argued that the very dynamics which so pushed the United States the fore in economic and political matters had an opposite effect in the world of the arts. As a nation, wrote composer, critic, and conductor Reginald DeKoven, are too prone race a desired result with sevenleague boots of impatience, which so hurriedly cross the intermediate stages as render mature and rounded founded in the solid structure of logical training and development, in most cases an impossibility.' Mature and rounded achievement, then, was the goal for many Americans in the arts in the early twentieth century. Among musicians, perhaps Aaron Copland best echoed this sentiment. What we wanted, wrote Copland, recalling the collective interests of his generation, was to find a music that would speak of universal things in a vernacular of American speech rhythms. We wanted write music on a level that left popular music far behind-music with a largeness of utterance wholly representative of the country that Whitman had envisaged.2 Whitman's world was one of a man inextricably rooted in his native soil who had the means within him give expression his culture and create art which could speak not just those of similar circumstances, but a wide range of people and cultures in his time and beyond. His art was thus not just the ramblings of a folkist that struck images familiar those of the same background, nor was it the

A comparative analysis of situationalism and 9,9 management by principle

A comparative analysis of situationalism and 9,9 management by principle

Egypt's Other Political Elite

This study focuses on the character of the post-1952 female public leadership, the successors to feminist Hoda Sha'rawi. Interviews were conducted with forty-five women, including Madame Sadat, who either belong to the governing elite, or who have become leaders among and for women. These women contribute in different ways to the improvement of women's status, including engaging in efforts to improve women's, as well as men's, socioeconomic conditions, pressing publicly for improvement in women's legal status through law reform, and assuming leadership positions in a male-dominated world, serving as role models for other women. Among the women who achieve national public importance, some do so for their social feminism and others for their political feminism. In some cases, women's social feminism has been politicized by their assumption of leadership roles. Examination is made of these women's backgrounds, personalities, and the environmental factors contributing to their assumption of public service roles. Are there particular factors which lead to the assumption of particular kinds of roles? Can one credit these leaders with having an impact on the status of women?

From Social Movement to Professional Management: An Inquiry into the Changing Character of Leadership in Public Education

In this exploratory essay the authors interpret changing forms of leadership in public education by locating them within the context of developing values, institutional structure, and broad social, political, and economic change. They advance two basic propositions. The first is that, during most of the nineteenth century, leadership in public education primarily took the form of guiding a decentralized social movement. In that era, they argue, the chief task of leaders was to create common schools across the nation through mobilizing opinion and effort at the local level. In stressing the importance of the rural, mostly unbureaucratized mainstream of public education, they depart from much recent historical literature which has focused on cities, growth of state power, responses to industrialization, and bureaucratization. Their second proposition is that at the turn of the twentieth century much of the direction of the educational system devolved upon university experts and professional managers. These ...

Labour in Liberia

Mayson and Sawyer trace the development of peripheral capitalism in Liberia, drawing out the totally dependent nature of its export economy dominated by international corporations, the deteriorating economic position of the workers and peasants, and the growing power of the different fractions of the ruling class. They go on to trace the growth of the working class and its increasing militancy since 1961, the legislative response to this in the form of anti‐strike legislation and the consequent worsening of workers’ conditions and standards of living. As a consequence of the collaborationist character of the trades union leadership, rank and file workers have assumed responsibilities of leadership and organized strikes despite the collusion of trades union leaders with the police.

Pilgrim's Progress: Toward a Social History of the School Superintendency, 1860-1960

THE DEATHS of great men in national and political history are commemorated by song, story and memorial days, Aaron Gove told his fellow school superintendents in 1900. Only in secluded family circles, and midst the personal friends, are the works and lives of heroic schoolmasters recorded and remembered. To this day, historians have largely neglected those who probably did more than any other individuals to shape the day-to-day operation of American public educationthe superintendents of school districts. Not entirely neglected, of course: we have Raymond Callahan's important, path-breaking work; several scholars have enlightened us about changing metaphors of leadership and the ideologies of administrators; early historians have traced the administrative duties of school chiefs; and we have a number of narratives about individual superintendents. (1) But we are still just beginning to understand the character of educational leadership in the past. We need to focus especially on superintendents in the local districts, where the chief decision-making power resided for most of American history rather than at the state or federal level (a statistic illustrates this point: in 1890 the median size of state departments of education was two persons, including the superintendent.) (2) Superintendents talked and wrote a good deal about their ideologies, their expectations, their practices, and their problems. We know a good deal about their social characteristics and career lines, at least in the

CULTIVATION OF LEADERSHIP CHARACTER ON EARLY CHILDHOOD THROUGH THE STORY OF QUEEN BALQIS

This article aims to know how the method of planting leadership character into early childhood through the story of Queen Balqis. The story of Queen Balqis is recounted in the Qur'an surah an-Naml. The story of Queen Balqis originated from the news brought by the bird Hud-Hud to the Prophet Sulaiman about a country led by a woman. The land of Saba ' was called by God in the Qur'an as the country of Baldatun thoyyibatun wa robbun ghofurun (a safe and prosper country and receiving forgiveness from God). There are several characteristics of Queen Balqis, namely: have a big effect, democratic, intelligent, giving priority to the safety of her people and the Knights-at-heart. The period of early childhood is the period of the golden age, which at this time is very important to develop the character of children's leadership to become qualified leaders and private. The method of planting leadership character into early childhood through the story of Queen Balqis could be through the way of watching movies, talking, conversation, role-playing, and the example method of conditioning.

Political Recruitment in Sarawak: A Case Study of Leadership in a New State

TN ADDITION to the ultimate objective of providing personnel for I governmental posts, the process of political recruitment provides information about the values of a society, the distribution of political influence and its fluctuations, and the process of policy formulation. Prior to the moment when any group gains political power, the field of potential political actors is narrowed by a continuing screening process. Dominant values of the society as a whole and those of individual groups largely determine the attributes required for initiation into roles culminating in a future leadership position. Factors such as religion, ethnic origin, social class and status, family name, etc. are crucial in the preliminary selection. By analyzing the background of political decision-makers we begin to understand the requirements for leadership in a particular culture and the factors which constitute political influence.' Considerable emphasis is placed upon the role of political recruitment in both Western and non-Western countries as an indicator of social change, since the character of leadership generally reflects the dominant values and power structures of society. As change occurs, the characteristics of a newly recruited leadership indicate which geographic, cultural, or economic groups are gaining or losing access to the political system and which values are becoming dominant for the society as a whole. If, for example, a society is engaged in a gradual but continuous process of industrialization and modernization, we would expect to see a change from purely ascriptive

Factionalism and the Congress Party in Uttar Pradesh

Research Article| September 01 1964 Factionalism and the Congress Party in Uttar Pradesh Paul R. Brass Paul R. Brass Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Far Eastern Survey (1935) 4 (9): 1037–1047. https://doi.org/10.2307/2642396 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Paul R. Brass; Factionalism and the Congress Party in Uttar Pradesh. Far Eastern Survey 8 May 1935; 4 (9): 1037–1047. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/2642396 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAsian Survey Search This content is only available via PDF. Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.