Character Of Culture Research Articles

Quakerisme Dalam Film Dan Teater Amerika: The Triumphs Of Love (1795), The Quack Quakers (1916), Dan High Noon (1952)

Considering that Quakers have been used as important characters in American performance culture, this essay provides numerous examples of Quakers as represented in American theater and film: John Murdock’s play The Triumphs of Love (1795), Harry F. Millarde’s lost silent film The Quack Quakers (1916), and the Academy Award winning film High Noon (1952). In a paradoxical manner, in each of these productions ranging from farce to serious drama, Friends are shown as either claiming or as striving for unattainable moral and religious human ideals, but also as an exemplary community of individuals against which other Americans might and should be measured.

Проблема выразимости невыразимого: слово-звук, сознание и реальность в индийской мысли

For traditional Indian philosophy, which tends to establish its identity on the basis of the rationally incognizable Absolute (Ātman, Brahman), the verbal expressibility of the latter is one of the central issues. In fact, what is at stake here, is an attitude to language, trust or distrust in its capacity to be a tool for transmitting the experience of reality, which for the Indian tradition is of the highest soteriological and metaphysical value. Namely, it is the experience characteristic of the culminating transpersonal states of meditation and yogic practices, as well as at the moment of unio mystica (between a believer and the personal God). The best way to point to such states is to demonstrate their radical otherness in comparison with everyday speech behaviour (vyavahāra) and discursive ways of reporting it. That is why, the apophatic approach is used, meanwhile, that does not exclude the applicability of its cataphatic opposite. In the first part of the paper, the author emphasizes a tendency to privilege the apophatic approach (‘not that, not that’) to the definition of Brahman on the example of some mahāvākya (‘great sayings’) from the Upaniṣhads. In the second part, the author elucidates a phenomenon of phonocentrism, characteristic of traditional Indian culture, taking as example an incarnation of the goddess Vāk (Speech) in Vedic literature and in Tantrism. The third part is devoted to Bhartṛihari’s (ca.V century A.D.) concepts of ‘linguistic monism’ (śabda-advaita), and of the three-part speech, and their culmination in Kashmiri Shaivism. The author shows that in Bharitṛhari and Kashmiri’ s expressibility and inexpressibility of vocalized speech does not presuppose the recognition of a separate reality of object referred to by it (correspondence principle), but varied within the boundaries of the word (śabda) itself as identical to the dynamic nature of Brahman constituted by potencies (śakti).

КАТЕГОРИИ ЖИЗНИ, СМЕРТИ, БЕССМЕРТИЯ В РОМАНЕ МИЛАНА КУНДЕРЫ "БЕССМЕРТИЕ"

The article analyzes the philosophical categories «life», «death», «immortality»which form the basis of the ideological narrative plan in Milan Kundera’s novel «Immortality», as well as ways of their representation in the text. Using the paradox technique, M. Kundera changes the usual distribution of meanings associated with the concepts of «life» and «death»: life - being, good, death - non-existence, evil. M. Kundera deprives the antinomy of «life-death» of the usual confrontation, demonstrating by the example of his characters that life can contain death, and death can be a return to life. Such an idea of life and death is characteristic of traditional culture and is found in various religious paradigms (Christianity, Buddhism, etc.). In the novel «Immortality» there is a combination of the author’s view of philosophical categories and the approach characteristic of traditional culture, in which the semantic discourses of the concepts of «life», «death» and «immortality» constantly intersect. Traditional ideas about the nature of life and death are combined in the novel with a system ofparadoxes characteristic of the Kundera narrative, the purpose of which is to reveal contradictions within complex existential concepts and phenomena.

Dialect diversity and labor income share in China

Language, as a prominent cultural characteristic of a region, has a lasting and extensive impact on economic performance. In this paper, we study the impact of dialect diversity on the labor income share in China. We find that regional dialect diversity depresses the labor income share in manufacturing firms in China. This effect holds up to robustness and endogeneity checks. We explore the transmission channels underlying this negative relationship and find that dialect diversity depresses the labor income share by decreasing worker bargaining power, and this channel can be further explained by the depressing effect of dialect diversity on the participation of firms in export trade and regional human capital accumulation. Heterogeneity analysis shows that the negative effect of dialect diversity on the labor share is weak or insignificant in sectors with strong worker bargaining power such as state-owned enterprises, labor-intensive enterprises, and high-skill-intensive enterprises.

A Sociological Perspective on Meaningful Work: Community versus Autonomy

In this article, I present a sociological approach to the problem of meaningful work that dwells on its broad social and cultural sources, as opposed to the focus on subjective and organizational factors currently prevailing in the field. Specifically, I consider two sociological perspectives, those of community and autonomy, as important conceptual tools for understanding the ambivalent character of modern culture in providing individuals with a sense of meaningfulness of their activities. I also review some of the existing research on meaningful work and interpret it through this conceptual distinction, both to show the latter’s relevance for the field and to identify the gaps it might help fill. As a result, based on the sociological perspectives, I propose a general conceptual model and discuss five directions to further advance the theoretical comprehension of meaningful work, and I suggest some implications of these perspectives for normative business ethics.

The Cavaliero Pasquil: An Anti-Marprelate Persona

Abstract: Broadly considered, the popular pamphlets written against Martin Marprelate in the months encompassing 1589–1591 are treated as pale imitations of their adversary, whose rhetorical and argumentative virtuosity earned him great notoriety. Considered as strenuous attempts to both counter Martinist aggression and also solve the rhetorical problems he presented, the aggressive Pasquil tracts (1589–1590) reveal how the adoption of an established satirical persona and mode allows a writer defending the Elizabethan bishops to both adopt and condemn the dangerous speech marking the Marprelate program. The tracts thus exhibit the self-generative and popular appeal characteristic of early print and pamphlet culture.

Грани образа Ганнибала Лектора (на примере сериала «Ганнибал»). Часть 1

In the article, the author explores the history of creation and development of the media franchise which revolves around the life of a fictional extravagant and in his own way genius serial killer and cannibal, Hannibal Lecter. The author of the study attempts to systematize the movies and series of the Hannibal universe, with a particular focus on the Hannibal TV series (2013–2015). The focus specifically on a TV series is due to the fact that such works have become a significant form of popular culture. The popular images that are formed within the context of a TV series are based on topical and meaningful categories of culture. This makes contemporary TV series, such as Hannibal, an influential tool for forcing the viewer to reflect on important issues. In this way, TV series today are able to influence cultural dynamics. On the other hand, as the author of the article shows on the example of Hannibal, the material of such media products is also a promising source for researching the processes and transformations taking place in society and identifying topical problems and challenges. The present study aims to identify various aspects of the complex and controversial personality of Hannibal in the context of contemporary culture. To achieve this purpose, the author, on the one hand, compares the image of the main character with the real and fictional characters of popular culture, and on the other hand, analyses several key categories of culture, including power, art and others, which all together allows defining the features of Hannibal’s personality within the coordinate system of culture.

Subversive Motherhood and Maternal Discourses in Manipuri Cinema: An Analysis of Aribam Syam’s Ishanou

The idea of a mother in Manipur’s cultural context has varied meanings. In the indigenous religion of the Meitei, the female maibis, the central religious functionary, is referred to as the mother. She plays a more important role in the religious rituals than her male counterpart. In the ritual, she gets possessed only by lai (goddess) and delivers an oracle, which comes only from female goddess to female maibi, never from male God to male maiba. This female dominance in the religious functionary is a unique characteristic of Meitei culture. The Manipuri film Ishanou (1991) depicts a life of an ordinary mother who got possessed and eventually rejected the traditional marriage and family institutions. As culture defines motherhood in shaping identity and attitudes towards mothering, this paper investigates the understanding of motherhood in the Manipuri society through semiotics and psychoanalysis of the film. The cinematic portrayal of the mother in the film negotiates power in a traditionally patriarchal society through the dynamics between the private and public spheres of the mother. She moves away from traditional motherhood to being the mother possessed by the goddess. The film’s rejection of domesticity and other traditional intensive mothering ideologies can be seen as subversive motherhood.

Analysis of Features and Classifiers in Emotion Recognition Systems: Case Study of Slavic Languages

Today’s human-computer interaction systems have a broad variety of applications in which automatic human emotion recognition is of great interest. Literature contains many different, more or less successful forms of these systems. This work emerged as an attempt to clarify which speech features are the most informative, which classification structure is the most convenient for this type of tasks, and the degree to which the results are influenced by database size, quality and cultural characteristic of a language. The research is presented as the case study on Slavic languages.

Vegetation Structure, Biomass, and Carbon Stock of Urban Forest of Bongohulawa National Wirakarya Campground in Gorontalo Regency - Gorontalo Province

An urban forest is one type of Urban Green Open Space (RTHKP) that reflects the character of nature and/or local culture with ecological, historical, and panoramic values that are unique to the level of technology application. The urban forest of the National Wirakarya Campsite is quite attractive, has a lovely view, is close to the road, and is easily accessible by the residents. This study aims to determine the structure of vegetation, biomass, and carbon values stored in the urban forest of the National Wirakarya Campsite, Bongohulawa, Gorontalo Regency, Gorontalo Province. The method used is a survey method with a quantitative descriptive research design. The sampling method used is a purposive sampling model based on land cover in the urban forests. For the measurement of the vegetation structure, the sampling of vegetation in the observation plots is carried out by using the number of sample plots that are placed regularly by calculating the Relative Density (RD), Relative Frequency (RF), and Relative Dominance (RDo), then the data obtained are tabulated to provide IVI. To measure the carbon stocks on the surface (stems), a non-destructive sampling method is used with an Allometric equation based on the plant species. The results showed, there were 13 families, 20 species, and 824 individuals. The vegetation structure in the urban forest of Bongohulawa National Wirakarya Campsite (PWN) has an IVI above 15 percent on average. The sawlog level is dominated by the Gmelina arborea (beechwood) species with an IVI of 98.36 percent, the pole level is dominated by the Swietenia mahagagoni (mahogany) with an IVI of 165.37 percent, the sapling level was dominated by Swietenia mahagoni with an IVI of 160.99 percent and the seedling level was dominated by Lantana camara (tembelekan) with an IVI of 32.25 percent. The content of biomass stored in the standing trees is 1,190.45 tons/ha, with the largest amount of biomass is at the sawlog level of 1,135.43 tons/year or 95.43 percent, the total biomass at the pole level is 45.10 tons/year or 3.79 percent and the amount of long-term biomass is 9.32 tons/year or 0.78 percent. The carbon stock stored (C-Stock) is 559.37 tons/ha and can absorb CO2 (CO2eq) of 2,052.88 tons/ha and provides converted O2 of 1,498.60 tons/ha.

Relacje interpersonalne jako kluczowe czynniki kulturowe organizacji na przykładzie małych firm w Polsce – raport z badań

The aim of the article was to show that interpersonal relations in an organization are the main factor in shaping organizational culture. At the same time, organizational culture is a key factor motivating human resources to work and self-improvement in terms of competences. The research was carried out in Polish small companies from the fruit and vegetable industry selected on purpose. The research tool was a survey questionnaire by Cameron and Quinn, partially modified. Has been determined the profile of the existing and desired organizational culture. Organizations are consistent, Latin motivators are used. They have the character of a balanced culture and individualists. Evidence of employment and stabilization of wages, is the most important motivating factor in the surveyed organizations. The research confirmed that the hierarchical style of people management should gradually change towards the clan's culture, which is equated with co-mentoring in the supervisor-subordinate relationship. Keywords: organizational culture, human resource management, interpersonal relations, SMEs

Bridging Ethnoarchaeology and Archaeology in the Ethiopian Gamo Highlands

ABSTRACT This article is a case study that applies long-term ceramic ethnoarchaeology to recent archaeological research in the Gamo region of Ethiopia. The region is located on the western escarpment of the Great Rift Valley. Today, an important cultural characteristic of the Gamo is their caste system. They divide society into occupational castes including Mala farmers and Tsoma artisans who are segregated in their access to land and food resources. Working collaboratively with Gamo Boreda elders, we located a historic Mala household at the archaeological site of Ochollo Mulato (1270–1950 CE) and an artisan household at the archaeological site of Garu (eighteenth and nineteenth centuries CE). The historic archaeological pottery assemblages from Ochollo Mulato and Garu are considered in light of thirty years of Gamo ceramic ethnoarchaeological research to understand changes in subsistence and social organization through time.

Tracing the Bunny

Since the 2010s, “we, the rabbit” has gained currency as an internet slang term referring to China, Chinese ethnicity, and the Chinese Communist Party. The recent popularity of the rabbit as a metonym for the nation is boosted by the varied multimedia forms of bunny characters appearing in historical narratives, web comics, games, and most important, the patriotic animated series Year Hare Affair. Juxtaposing commercial ambitions with a nationalist agenda, Year Hare Affair narrates historical events by personifying countries as anthropomorphic animals. Taking the viral rise of Year Hare Affair as a case study, this article delineates a genealogy of the bunny characters in Chinese popular culture. The transmedia forms of bunny characters, including those appearing in texts, comics, animated programs, and games, provide room for the construction of unstable meanings revolving around the bunny. Consequently, while such animated series align with official narratives of history, they also tone down the weight of those narratives by employing a variety of narrative devices, including parody, game-related motifs, and space-time manipulation. Through these diverse representations, the political message is sometimes enhanced and sometimes playfully challenged. Read in this light, the bunny's evolving trajectory in contemporary popular culture speaks volumes about the dynamics between digital aesthetics and politics, as well as the multiplicity of discourses generated as they meet.

Socio-cultural practices of human potential development in China

The subject of the study is the human potential in the conditions of transformation of the socio-cultural space of the PRC. The modern anthropological crisis causes the need to search for new value foundations of human potential development and actualizes the study of cultural regional-country specifics of its implementation practices. The heterogeneous nature of the socio-cultural space of the PRC makes it necessary to know specific regional practices for developing human potential. China is forming an effective system for developing and attracting human potential within the country and in interaction with the outside world. The success of the PRC largely determines a new vision of the place and role of man in socio-cultural transformations. Human potential forms a dynamic, rapidly changing image of the socio-cultural environment in China, determining the speed and direction of internal and external modernization processes. The scientific novelty lies in the fact that in the PRC regionality acts as a cultural and spatial characteristic of activity, which in turn has a concrete expression - in practices. The philosophical and anthropological analysis of practices involves an appeal to a regionological approach that contributes to the identification of specifics at the level of regions – "internal" and "external". At the national level, the process of building human potential, which is an element of "soft power", occurs at all levels of the multilevel hierarchy of regional development management, starting from the level of large regions, ending with local-regional communities at the level of cities, towns, villages and individual enterprises.

“WHITE” AND “BLACK” IMAGES IN THE POETRY OF M. MAKATAEV

In this article were considered two monochromes ―white‖and ―black‖in the poetic texts of Mukagali Makataev, who isa famous Kazakh poet, writer and translator of the 60sand 70s of the 20th century. A quantitative and qualitative methodsof analysis wereused, a frequency dictionary of color images was developed based on the material from the poetry collection ―МҰҚАҒАЛИ(MUKAGALI)‖ (2012). In addition, a detailed semantic and structural analysis of two monochromes was conducted to determine their role and the way in which the color semantics are represented: as main or additional elements. The generalized structural and semantic analysis revealed that Makataev uses these images as a contrast between darkness and lightness, comparing them and being indecisive in choosing a color. Black and white colors form thematic blocks such as animate/inanimate nature, the theme of moral choices, the theme of creativity, motherland, and love.Both colors reveal in their own way the theme of love and the theme of death through different images. Moreover, we can notice that the semantics of the white color is based on a well-knownand traditional image, while the black color contains the cultural background characteristic of the Kazakh people.

Lithic and stone industries of Bahra 1, an Ubaid‐related site in northern Kuwait

AbstractBahra 1 is a large site in the north of the Arabian Peninsula that provided an assemblage of nearly 100,000 lithic artefacts. The whole lithic industry of Bahra 1 represents a set of well‐thought‐out flint, quartz and stone tools for the mass production of shell jewellery, with only a small share of typical household tools. They mostly relate to the Ubaid tradition with Arabian Neolithic influences. However, limited excavations of the oldest occupational layers of the site also revealed an Epipalaeolithic Zarzian tradition. This paper presents a techno‐typological, functional and cultural characteristic of the whole Bahra 1 chipped and ground stone industry identified during the excavations at the site in 2009–2019.

ANALISIS MOTIVASI BELAJAR SEJARAH DAN PENTINGNYA RASA CINTA TANAH AIR DALAM DIRI SISWA SMA PERTIWI 1 PADANG

Motivation to learn history can be interpreted as a driving force for carrying out historical learning activities that come from within and also from outside the individual so as to foster enthusiasm in learning history. How strong an individual's motivation will determine the quality of the behavior he displays, one of which is the behavior of loving the motherland. A sense of love for the motherland needs to be cultivated in the soul of every individual from an early age who becomes a citizen of a country or nation so that the goal of living together can be achieved. This study aims to find out what is meant by motivation to learn history and how important is the feeling of love for the motherland in students. The essence of human beings as national and state creatures is to love their own nation and country. As a good citizen, you should have a sense of love for your nation. Proud to be part of the Indonesian nation is a light example in efforts to defend the country. The younger generation is one of Indonesia's assets in the future. Indonesian youth must have a strong sense of love for their country in order to become leaders in the future. Efforts to instill a cultural characteristic of this nation to differentiate it from people from other countries.In addition, the existence of a local culture that is inherent in Indonesian youth will be able to strengthen identity and pride as an Indonesian nation.

Dialogic Aesthetics in Boris Zaitsev’s Russian-Italian Text

This article examines the interconnection of the images of Russia and Italy in B. K. Zaitsev’s artistic consciousness revealing their ideal-forming meaning and studying the literary and aesthetic concept of the writer. It is argued that the themes of Russia, Italy, and Florence dominate in the writer’s work, making up the internal semantic unity of his multi-genre texts. The “Florentine text” is interpreted as a local textual subsystem of the “Italian text”, which is a dialogical element of the Russian-Italian text (super-text) created by the writer throughout his artistic life. According to Zaitsev, the city of Dante formed his aesthetic experience, his spiritual, and intellectual identity. Building a dialogue between Russian literature and Dante’s work, Zaitsev follows the philosophical and aesthetic programme of Russian Europeanism characteristic of the Silver Age culture. In the article, the author develops the thesis about the relationship between the image of Russia and that of Florence in the artistic consciousness of Boris Zaitsev. It is demonstrated that the study of Zaitsev’s “Florentine text” provides an idea of the semantic conditionality between the leading Russian and Italian themes in the writer’s work that define his aesthetic concept as dialogical. To achieve this goal, the paper analyses Zaitsev’s artistic and documentary evidence about Florence and the features of his aesthetic reception of the culture of Russia and Italy. The article focuses on the method of literary mnemonics developed by the writer. With its help, Zaitsev creates an authorial version of the myth of Florence in the context of Russian and European literature. The reconstruction of the historical and ideological context of Zaitsev’s work proposed in the article makes it possible to understand the artistic and philosophical nature of his works addressed to Russia and Italy more accurately. As a result of the study, the author determines the structure of the dialogical interactions of imaginative and semantic elements of Zaitsev’s Russian-Italian narrative. Russian and Italian themes that form the dialogical integrity of the Russian-Italian text in the writer’s work are a key aspect of our understanding of B. K. Zaitsev’s artistic concept from the point of view of literary theory and aesthetics.

In Focus Introduction: Queering Asian Media

In Focus Introduction:Queering Asian Media Jamie J. Zhao (bio) and Yiman Wang (bio) It has been nearly a decade since the publication of Cinema Journal's 2014 In Focus dossier on "Queer Approaches to Film, Television, and Digital Media."1 The dossier powerfully demonstrated an essential scholarly refocus from "a US-based politics of 'coming out'" to more diverse queer deconstructions, non-confrontational queer practices, negotiative queer productions in media and cultural studies.2 This shift was largely inspired by the late queer media scholar Alexander Doty's "contra-straight" theorization of the seemingly hetero-normative mainstream media text and context.3 Following this model, in combination with Sara Ahmed's queer phenomenology, recent scholarship has understood queer as not only minority identities but also disruptive positions, sentiments, styles, and practices that productively reorient normative imaginations, regulations, and sociopolitical identities in global media studies.4 In particular, [End Page 154] a growing body of scholarship has queried and reoriented commercial media that often target straight audiences and have benefited from globalization, migration, urbanization, social stratification, and the rapidly developing digital technologies. Findings from such research have shown that not only binarism-disruptive gender and sexual knowledge but also new forms of identity- and desire-based binarism, essentialism, and homonormative assimilation are produced in queer media production, circulation, and consumption.5 The early 2000s have also witnessed "a queering of Asian studies" amid crisscrossing processes of localization, transnationalization, and globalization. Here queering works as a critical perspective, highlighting "the new worlds of queer Asian media cultures created through the globalization" of gender and sexual politics while also problematizing "the binary between the 'West' and the 'rest'" in conceptualizing queer Asian media.6 In particular, the two frameworks of queer Asian studies mapped out by Audrey Yue—"queer hybridity" and "critical regionalism"—have been widely adopted in a range of academic disciplines to challenge imperialism, (neo-)colonialism, ethno-nationalism, heteronormativity, homonormativity, and Orientalism and Occidentalism in scholarly discourses as well as cultural productions.7 Nevertheless, most of the existing scholarship in queer Asian media studies has focused on the queer promises and struggles in media representation, performance, and reception, such as queer Asian star and fan studies. What has remained understudied is the potential of queering Asian media's production technologies, distribution venues, political-ideological institutions, and narrative strategies, with an eye to tease out nonconforming feelings, subjectivities, and relationalities. Contemporaneously with the expanding queer turn in media studies and area studies, queer Asian media has broken through into the mainstream and globalized media industries. This breakthrough encompasses the boom of androgynous K-pop idols; the inter-Asian and global popularity of Japanese Boys' Love (BL) and Girls' Love (GL) cultures; the surge of Thai and [End Page 155] mainland Chinese homoerotic TV dramas and their popularity in the Anglophone world; queer and transgender film and TV stardom in Hong Kong, Taiwan, Singapore, Malaysia, the Philippines, and Thailand; and Asian-based lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) live-streaming channels and online celebrities.8 The proliferation of both LGBTQ content, characters, and celebrities and norm-defying media and pop cultural forms, formats, platforms, and spaces in contemporary Asia offers us an exciting opportunity to bring queer Asian media and the method of queering to bear upon each other and to examine how this might reshape queer approaches to Asian media studies. Our In Focus dossier, "Queering Asian Media," showcases six essays that examine a variety of Asian media forms and genres through a queering critical lens, with special attention to East Asian and Southeast Asian media cultures spanning the past five decades. The authors in this dossier mobilize queering as both an analytical tool and an often neglected characteristic of Asian media culture to unpack the contested and morphing modes of knowledge production surrounding gender and sexuality, geopolitics, and histories that have been made possible by Asian media production, circulation, and consumption in an increasingly inter-Asian, globalizing world. Collectively, these essays articulate a spectrum of queer affective politics across spaces, time, ideologies, media forms, and media technologies. Our dossier raises the following questions. Acknowledging queering as an established and powerful practice in media production, distribution, and reception, how might...

Экспансия камерности. Мультфильм Зденека Милера «Кротик в городе» как сатира на общество Чехословакии времен нормализации

Forty years ago, in 1982, the Czechoslovak cartoon The Little Mole in the City was released. The story of Little Mole and his friends (Hedgehog and Hare) who find themselves in a metropolis may be considered the most famous episode about Little Mole, a beloved character of Czech culture. This story is also well known in Russia, not only as a cartoon but also as a book. The tale has been reprinted in several editions in the Russian language. Z. Miler’s cartoon appeals both to the immediate realities of the times and to the broader context of Czech culture of popular laughter. A character, vulnerable and sometimes light-minded (e.g. Švejk, Jára Cimrman, characters in Menzel’s films) confronts a vast and unfriendly reality and sometimes faces real trouble (e.g. war in J. Hašek’s novel). The character’s grand purpose is not to overcome circumstances or turn the world upside down, but to preserve himself. The story of Little Mole blends smoothly into this cultural code. The episode The Little Mole in the City was created in the waning days of Czechoslovak socialism. Behind the outer, touching and fascinating plot of the characters’ urban odyssey, one can discern a rather poignant satire on the social order of those times. The author of the article tries to understand how the creators of the cartoon expose the foolish and senseless bureaucracy, narrow-minded officials, cruelty and the suffocating nature of the times, but most importantly, how they teach to maintain inner freedom in an unfree country.