Characterization Analysis Research Articles

Morphometric Characters and Meristic Counts of Mastacembelus armatus (Lacebede, 1800) from Maruthur Anicut, Tirunelveli District, India

The present study highlights about morphometric measurement and meristic count of Mastacembelus armatus (Lacebede, 1800) collected from the Maruthur wetland ecosystem have been investigated with 23 specimens to observe the relationship between morphometric characters. Identification of species is an initial step in any research work and plays a vital role in the behavioural study. Morphometric character analysis and meristic counts are considered as simplest and authentic methods for fish species identification which is termed as morphological systematics. Fourteen different morphometric characters in percentage of total fish length (9 characters), head length (5 characters), and five different meristic counts (branched and unbranched rays) have been studied. The obtained result reveals that morphometric characters vary depending on the growth and size of the fish. However, the meristic counts were comparatively similar. All the characters show a positive correlation both in the percentage of total length and head length. The different morphometric and meristic counts of M. armatus have been analyzed for the population dynamics which includes taxonomy study and proper identification of fishes. The fin formula was calculated for some hard rays and soft rays. Therefore, this study supplement additional data for the identification of the fish species.

On the Indexing of Scientific Journals in Legal Science

The purpose of the article is to present the problems faced by the Bulgarian legal science in the context of the global orientation towards publications in journals indexed in the world databases Scopus and Web of Science. A critical analysis of the international character of leading scientific journals in the field of law has been made. In the study, the method of comparative analysis was applied, in which a comparison was made with the level of publication in the field of legal science compared to natural and engineering sciences. Conclusions and recommendations are formulated, which should be taken into account when preparing the policies of the Ministry of Education and Culture.

Character Analysis of Robert Jordan and Santiago: The Sublime Parables of the Unconquerable Human Spirit against the Heavy Odds

Character Analysis of Robert Jordan and Santiago: The Sublime Parables of the Unconquerable Human Spirit against the Heavy Odds

Violence and War in Rawi Hage’s DeNiro’s Game and Cockroach

Violence is a complex and broad concept and phenomenon that has been present throughout history. In fact, it is almost impossible to fully grasp the real reasons or motives behind acts of violence as they are varied. Violence has been quite influential in human evolution and existence; it is prevalent not only in real life but also in different narratives. The latter could be media, cinema, or literature, as they are efficient means that could represent a variety of topics, issues, and phenomena, and the topic of violence is no exception. In this regard, this paper attempts to scrutinize the various aspects of violence and crime driven by war in Rawi Hage’s two novels, DeNiro’s Game and Cockroach, focusing on physical violence that is legitimized by war and psychological violence that is a result of the former, providing a textual analysis that considers thematic and character analysis. The novel's context is the Lebanese society during the cruel Lebanese Civil War that left its people struggling for their lives even after the war stopped. This paper attempts to consider the brutality of violence during wartime and its consequences in the long run, which transcend the actual physical abuse and harm to the psychological one that causes trauma and mental disturbance. The latter have driven war-witnesses, the characters, to a totally endless circle of suffering and mental struggle on a daily basis.

Biochemical Characterization of Brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) Leaves Infected with Little Leaf Disease

The experiment was conducted during September, 2023 to February, 2024 at the Department of Biochemistry, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, Gujarat, India. Total 28 genotype originating from a cross between a little leaf resistance parent AB 15-06 (S. melongena) and a susceptible parent GRB 5 (S. melongena). Disease incidence recorded from 14 each of highly resistant and susceptible genotypes and their parents AB 15-06 (Resistance against little leaf disease) and GRB 5 (Susceptible against little leaf disease) were selected for biochemical attributes comprised of chlorophyll (0.73–0.98 mg g-1), moisture (76.77–97.43%), phenol (0.43–3.26 mg g-1), total soluble sugar (2.36–4.57 mg g-1), membrane injury (24.56–69.87%). Correlation analysis of biochemical characters like chlorophyll and moisture were observed negatively correlated with disease incidence while rest of biochemical parameters total soluble solids, membrane injury and phenol content were positively correlated. Membrane injury (0.254), moisture (0.026), TSS (0.030), and phenol content (0.016) showed positive skewness whereas chlorophyll (-1.318), membrane injury (-1.540), moisture (-1.543), total soluble sugar (-1.160) and phenol content (-1.626) detected negative kurtosis. GCV, PCV and heritability analysis for all biochemical characters recorded were chlorophyll (36.46%, 36.5% and 99.82%), membrane injury (61.52%, 61.96% and 98.59%), moisture (7.55%, 8.73% and 13.44%), total soluble sugar (99.39%) and phenol content (46.76%, 46.83% and 99.67%).

Archtypology of the Figural Antagonist in Classical Fairy Tales and Other Culture-Forming Stories

The present study focuses on the semiotic profile of a literary character acting as a villain/antagonist (Propp) as one of the central factors of the existential problem situation (the de facto “originator” of problems), which represents a general theme in the folk fairy tales and/or culture-forming stories. The aim of this paper is neither to cover all the principles and manifestations of antagonists exhaustively, nor to present a complete typological description of antagonistic characters, but to cover those basic forms and most frequent or otherwise essential attributes that canonically standardize and significantly universalize the archetype of an antagonist in the selected range of narratives. The issue is approached from the perspective of literary theory (with an emphasis on the morphological, structural, and thematic analysis of the literary characters), and it is materially and argumentatively based on the representative sets of folklore and culture-forming narratives (Aarne-Thompson-Uther’s international catalog of fairy tale types, world myths, canonical texts, etc.), as well as on their national (Slovak) variants.

An Overview of Qualitative Comparative Analysis Using GRA Methodology

Comparative Analysis, Introduction: Comparative analysis involves contrasting objects against one another to identify their differences and similarities. A corporation can better comprehend an issue and develop solutions in response by performing a comparative analysis while analyzing an idea, problem, theory, or question. You will be required to write comparison and contrast essays throughout your academic career. These essays can compare and contrast two works, two ideologies, two historical people, two scientific methods, etc. Two similar things may have crucial differences (2 different pesticides of different impacts on the environment), or two similar things may have crucial differences but turn out to have surprising similarities in "classic" compare-and-contrast papers where you weight A and B equally. Research significance: Comparative analysis examines two or more things, individuals, acts, occasions, etc. You can comprehend the topic better by pointing out the parallels and contrasts between these. You might use a character analysis from a book, a movie, a main character from history, etc. You can also include nations, states, international organizations, businesses, calamities naturally occurring, ideologies and faiths, as well as commercial marketing and many other things. Before writing your own, you might find it beneficial to read some constant comparative sample essays. Comparative analysis essays can be formatted in a variety of ways. A quality or attribute may be combined in separate blocks. Each paragraph could discuss the traits' similarities and contrasts. Methology: Deng originally suggested Grey Relational Analysis (GRA), a tool for MCDM problems. It has been used successfully to address many MCDM challenges. The GRA is a model for evaluating effects that can evaluate the relationship between successions and fit with certain information investigation techniques or calculation strategies. Alternative: Japan, South Korea, and Delhi, Taiwan. Evaluation Preference: 1965, 1970, 1975, 1980, 1984. Result: from the result it is seen that 1980 and is got the first rank whereas is the 1975 got is having the lowest rank. Conclusion: The value of the dataset for Comparative Analysis in GRA (Gray-related analysis) method shows that it results in 1980 and top ranking.

Integrative taxonomy of the genus Coridius Illiger, 1807 (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Dinidoridae) reveals hidden diversity and three new species from North-East India.

The genus Coridius Illiger, 1807 (Heteroptera: Dinidoridae) comprises a group of phytophagous terrestrial bugs consisting of 36 species distributed in the Afrotropical and Indo-Malayan regions. In several communities in northeastern India, insects are recognised as a delicacy, medicine, and a nutritional supplement, with Coridius being a popular delicacy. However, Coridius has received little taxonomic attention to date due to large intraspecific variations, inadequate taxonomic treatments, and the rarity of many species. To address this gap, an integrative taxonomy of the genus was performed. Two mitochondrial genes, viz., cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COI) and 16S rRNA, were sequenced to reconstruct the phylogenetic relationships within Coridius. We performed both maximum likelihood (ML) and Bayesian inference (BI) to develop a species tree, followed by the Bayesian implementation of the Poisson tree process (bPTP) and Assemble Species by Automatic Partitioning (ASAP) as an additional test to assess species boundaries and delimit operational taxonomic units. A linear discriminant analysis (LDA) of four key morphological characters was then performed to identify species groups. Overall, our analysis supported the establishment of three new species: Coridius adii sp. nov., Coridius esculentus sp. nov., and Coridius insperatus sp. nov., and revealed six distinct lineages within Coridius chinensis (Dallas, 1851). Linear discriminant analysis of morphological characters indicated the clustering of eight species. The species status of Coridius nigriventris (Westwood, 1837) stat. rev, formerly synonymized under Coridius nepalensis (Westwood, 1837), is reinstated in this study. Further, we revised the genus Coridius from India and rediscovered Coridius assamensis (Distant, 1902) and Coridius fuscus (Westwood, 1837) after 100 years.

Computational prediction of MOFs with the potential to improve the efficiency of industrial CO2 capture

Capturing and storing carbon dioxide produced during industrial production operations has become a global focus in terms of energy conservation and emission reduction, especially for high-emission sources such as coal-fired power plants. In this study, the high-throughput Grand Canonical Monte Carlo (HT-GCMC) simulation method was used to assess the performance of 4,188 MOFs that were carefully selected from a comprehensive pool of 10,143 CoRE-MOFs using specific criteria. Exploratory data analysis for the population demonstratedthe effect of structural properties and isosteric enthalpy on MOFs’ adsorption performance. 90 MOFs were identified as superior adsorbents that show a strong adsorption performance when screening based on four filter criteria considered important for improving industrial economic efficiency. As the desorption pressure was increased, numerous MOFs maintained their potential and met the four screening conditions. This implies that there is room to increase the desorption pressure, which suggests a potential energy saving in practical applications. HT-GCMC was applied to calculate the adsorption properties of the 90 potential MOFs using various industrial CO2 concentration levels and showed the versatility of these MOFs for use in various industrial CO2 separation schemes. In addition, the adsorption mechanism of potential MOFs was analyzed, revealing specific numerical ranges for Qst and structural characteristics that correlate with their performance. Character analysis of 90 potential MOFs revealed that the elements O, N, Zn, and Cu have the highest content; C-O, Cu-O, C-N, and Cu-N are the bonded atom pairs most commonly seen in these 90 potential MOFs.

Menganalisis Nilai-nilai Moral dari Karakter Desiree dalam Cerita Pendek (Désirée's Baby) oleh Kate Chopin

Etymologically, the word moral comes from the Latin mos, which means the customs that a person has towards the people around him. Meanwhile, the general meaning is the norms of life that are carried out in order to maintain the level of social order in life. Moral values ​​in general are points related to good and bad behavior that guide a person's life. Therefore, this research was created to describe the moral values ​​of "Desiree" the main character in the short story "Désirée's Baby" in 1893. Analysis of this journal emphasizes the moral message that the author wants to convey to readers through analysis of the story's characters. In this story the main character Desiree presents a series of complex and deep moral values. The aim of this research is to find out and understand what moral values ​​are contained in the short story so that readers can emulate and learn from them for life.

Articulating the Collective Immigrant Experience in Canada: The Boat People and Shut Up, You’re Pretty

ABSTRACT Exploring the ideology behind merit-based immigration policy in Canada, the paper discusses the collective immigrant experience in the works of two contemporary Canadian female authors, Shut up You’re Pretty (2019) by Congo-born Tea Mutonji, and the novel inspired by the refugee crises since the 1970s, The Boat People (2018) by Sharon Bala. The introductory part problematizes the historically discriminatory immigration policies, and explores the position of the immigrant in contemporaneity, in the process of integration through performatives shaped by the counternarratives of multiculturalism. The analysis of the specific characters’ narratives in these works explores the connection between the personal, subjective, and the collective within the groups of immigrants, refugees and born Canadians to whom Canadianness features as an unattainable goal located behind the glass ceiling. In the concluding remarks, the paper summarizes how these contemporary female authors expose the hypocritical, pragmatic and shifting nature of the multicultural narrative.

Integrative Taxonomy Suggests Resurrection of Species of the Astyanax bimaculatus Group (Characiformes, Characidae).

Using integrative tools can be effective for species identification, especially in complex groups like Astyanax. Astyanax bimaculatus group is composed of six valid species, including A. lacustris. "A. altiparanae", "A. asuncionensis", and "A. jacuhiensis" are considered as junior synonyms of A. lacustris. Seeking to test the operational taxonomic unit (OTU) status of the junior synonyms of A. lacustris ("A. altiparanae", "A. asuncionensis", and "A. jacuhiensis"), we used analyses through mitochondrial DNA (COI and Cytb), cytogenetic markers (classical and molecular), and morphometry ("truss network"). Analysis of mitochondrial DNA sequences separated A. lacustris from the other synonymized species. The cytogenetic and morphometric analyses did not corroborate the synonymization and suggest that besides A. lacustris, the OTUs A. altiparanae, A. asuncionensis, and A. jacuhiensis are valid species. The analysis of different characters proposed by the integrative taxonomy used on the same individuals could provide greater reliability and minimize the underestimation of biodiversity.

Evolutionary and immune-activating character analyses of NLR genes in algae suggest the ancient origin of plant intracellular immune receptors.

Nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NLR) proteins are crucial intracellular immune receptors in plants, responsible for detecting invading pathogens and initiating defense responses. While previous studies on the evolution and function of NLR genes were mainly limited to land plants, the evolutionary trajectory and immune-activating character of NLR genes in algae remain less explored. In this study, genome-wide NLR gene analysis was conducted on 44 chlorophyte species across seven classes and seven charophyte species across five classes. A few but variable number of NLR genes, ranging from one to 20, were identified in five chlorophytes and three charophytes, whereas no NLR gene was identified from the remaining algal genomes. Compared with land plants, algal genomes possess fewer or usually no NLR genes, implying that the expansion of NLR genes in land plants can be attributed to their adaptation to the more complex terrestrial pathogen environments. Through phylogenetic analysis, domain composition analysis, and conserved motifs profiling of the NBS domain, we detected shared and lineage-specific features between NLR genes in algae and land plants, supporting the common origin and continuous evolution of green plant NLR genes. Immune-activation assays revealed that both TNL and RNL proteins from green algae can elicit hypersensitive responses in Nicotiana benthamiana, indicating the molecular basis for immune activation has emerged in the early evolutionary stage of different types of NLR proteins. In summary, the results from this study suggest that NLR proteins may have taken a role as intracellular immune receptors in the common ancestor of green plants.

Standardization in the context of transdisciplinarity

Transdisciplinarity is an integrative approach that includes different scientific disciplines as well as stakeholders and researchers to tackle both societal and scientific challenges. Since standards are jointly developed by science, business, and other stakeholders, standardization can be perceived as a specific mode of transdisciplinarity. In the discussion on knowledge transfer as a further performance dimension for researchers, participation in standardization procedures is now also being considered as a further channel, albeit without a sound conceptual and empirical basis. The paper thus aims to provide a conceptual base of standardization as a transdisciplinary knowledge production mode and transfer channel but also gives an outlook on its empirical implementation. The literature review on transdisciplinarity helps us to put standardization into the context of transdisciplinary research and to present a conceptual model of standardization as transdisciplinary knowledge production and transfer. Further, we present the first methodological approaches for the empirical analysis of the transdisciplinary character of standardization. Finally, we conclude with a summary, a number of recommendations derived from transdisciplinary research for standardization, and an outlook toward future research to be tackled with the proposed methodologies.

A morphology-based phylogeny of the diatoms formerly assigned to the Orthoseiraceae (Bacillariophyta): phylogenetic relationships, character analysis and classification

ABSTRACT A formal cladistic analysis of the morphological features of taxa assigned to the Orthoseiraceae, including Phycavernosa, Guarreraea and species of the genus Orthoseira is developed for 35 taxa based on 16 characters along with two Melosira species and four biddulphioid species as ingroup taxa as well as Leptocylindrus danicus as the outgroup. A consensus tree of 266 843 most parsimonious topologies suggests that the Orthoseiraceae is monophyletic, and that Guarreraea plus all former species of Orthoseira represent a monophyletic group. This analysis of morphological data did not provide support for the members of the Orthoseiraceae being more closely related to melosiroid or biddulphioid diatoms. Relationships within the monophyletic orthoseiracean group are detailed. Due to the exclusion of the generitype of Orthoseira not possessing carinoportulae which are central tube processes, one of the diagnostic features of the former Orthoseiraceae, other taxon names are described and recognized herein. We recognize and describe a new order, the Liparogyrales, based on the genus Liparogyra for taxa that were previously assigned to Orthoseira. Two families, the Phycavernosaceae, comprising the genus Phycavernosa, and the Liparogyraceae, comprising Guarreraea and taxa formerly assigned to Orthoseira, are described. The genus Liparogyra is composed of three subgenera: the subgenus Liparogyra, the subgenus Porocyclia, and the subgenus Insularis which are diagnosed by synapomorphic features. Based on our analysis, the genus Stephanosira appears to lack synapomorphies. Liparogyra, Porocyclia and Stephanosira had previously been described as genera by Ehrenberg. Guarreraea and one newly proposed genus are also included in the Liparogyraceae. Several other lineages are aphyletic, due to them either being monotypic or without diagnostic features. Thus, a total of 29 species in five genera are recognized within the newly described order and two newly described families. Eighteen new combinations are proposed for the transfer of taxa from Orthoseira to other genera. Homoplasy amongst some of the character states is discussed.

Evidence on the origin of Narcissus ×weickertii (Amaryllidaceae), an endemic daffodil of the SW Iberian Peninsula

The hypothesis regarding the origin of Narcissus ×weickertii through hybridization of its putative parent species, N. papyraceus and N. gaditanus, is investigated in populations from the southwestern of the Iberian Peninsula. Multivariate analyses of quantitative morphological characters in both vegetative and flower structures, coupled with a descriptive analysis of qualitative traits, reveal that N. ×weickertii displays an intermediate morphology between its putative parents. Several anatomical traits of the leaf and scape provide additional support for its hybrid nature. Karyotype analyses show that N. ×weickertii has a 2n=21 karyotype, which falls between those of the putative parent species, with several chromosomes showing an inability to pair. Fluorescence in situ hybridization procedures, encompassing both FISH (targeting NOR regions) and GISH (using total DNA from the putative parents), yield conclusive evidence regarding the hybrid nature of N. ×weickertii and confirm the hypothesis about the identity of their putative parent species. Furthermore, phylogenetic relationships suggest that N. gaditanus likely served as the maternal parent, while N. papyraceus acted as the paternal species, maintaining the hybrid species the style polymorphism of their parent species. The degree of viability observed in the N. ×weickertii pollen grains might indicate that it could bear some possibilities of sexual reproduction beyond the typical vegetative propagation of many described Narcissus hybrid species.

Politeness Principles Of Flouting Maxims Used By The Characters Of “The School Of Rock” Movie

The primary objective of this research is to examine and analyze the several instances in which the characters in the movie entitled "The School of Rock" flouted politeness maxims. Additionally, this research aimed to ascertain the underlying motivations of the characters in flouting the maxims, based on the context of situation. The documentation method was applied in this research to gather data that was methodically observed and documented. Due to its reliance on narrative description and without any numerical form, this research applied a descriptive qualitative methodology. The data, which was collected and consisted of utterances that violated maxims, was examined using several techniques. Based on the analysis, 23 data were found. 1 data of flouting generosity maxim, 12 data of flouting approbation maxim, 1 data of flouting modesty maxim, 4 data of flouting agreement maxim, 3 data of flouting sympathy maxim, which means the characters flouted all types of politeness principles maxims. The analysis of characters flouting maxims indicates that the motivations behind their actions vary depending on the context of situation. Most of the situations based on the context in the movie is dispraising to others, because of this, the characters mostly flouted approbation maxim.

Integrative studies of Microtus hartingi and Microtus guentheri (Cricetidae, Arvicolinae) and taxonomic problem of Microtus elbeyli

In this study, Taxonomic differences between Microtus guentheri and Microtus hartingi, which are similar in terms of external morphological features, were determined using linear morphometric, geometric morphometric, karyological and molecular analyses methods. Through classical morphometric (mean values) and geometric morphometric analyses of craniodental and mandible characters, influenced by various genetic, developmental, and functional processes, it was found that M. hartingi and M. guentheri exhibited notable differences in both mean linear measurements and shape. The Jackknife in classical morphometric analyses of samples, which underwent molecular and karyological species diagnoses, was higher than 88 % for each character. In geometric morphometric analyses, the Procrustes distance for shape follows the order Ventral < Dorsal < Mandible < M3<M2<M1. Based on cross-validation, the accurate classification rate is between 73 and 100 %. In both mean linear measurements and centroid size, M. hartingi specimens exhibited significantly larger mandibles and craniodentals compared to individuals of M. guentheri. According to PLS results, there was a significant relationship between the shape of M1, M2 and M3 and environmental variables, while the relationship between their size and environmental variables was not significant. However, neither the shape nor the size of the other parts had an sufficient relationship with environmental variables. Both species exhibited karyological similarity with a chromosome number of 2n = 54, but display polymorphism in chromosome arm number. There were differences in the C-banding of autosomal chromosomes and X chromosome. The classification of species in classical and geometric morphometric analyses, diverges from the outcomes of karyological and molecular assessments. In both species, the intraspecific genetic distance remained below 1.35 %. The cyt-b exhibits significant differentiation between the two species (K2P = 6.55 %). The divergence time for M. guentheri from the clade containing M. hartingi + M. qazvinensis + Microtus dogramacii was estimated to be 0.73 million years ago. Since no sample of Microtus elbeyli with karyological and cyt-b characteristics was found in the samples taken from the type locality, the taxonomic status of M. elbeyli remains unclear.

EVOLUTION OF LOVE: EXAMINING BELLE AND THE BEAST'S RELATIONSHIP IN “BEAUTY AND THE BEAST”

The tale of "Beauty and the Beast" has captivated audiences for generations, with its timeless message of love, acceptance, and the transformative power of inner beauty. This article, "Evolution of Love: Examining Belle and the Beast's Relationship in 'Beauty and the Beast,'" explores the development of the relationship between Belle, a compassionate young woman, and the Beast, a prince cursed due to his selfish nature. By analyzing key versions of the story, including those by De Beaumont and Villeneuve, and drawing from a range of scholarly perspectives, the study examines the characters' evolution, symbolic elements, and socio-cultural and psychological implications of their relationship. The literature review highlights various interpretations, focusing on the symbolic meanings of elements like the enchanted rose, and how they contribute to the narrative's themes of transformation and redemption. The article also discusses modern adaptations and their resonance with contemporary audiences, particularly in terms of psychological themes and societal expectations. The aim of this study is to provide a comprehensive understanding of the evolution of love in "Beauty and the Beast." Objectives include analyzing character development, exploring symbolic elements, assessing socio-cultural contexts, and evaluating psychological perspectives. The methodology involves a multifaceted approach, including a literature review, character analysis, symbolic analysis, socio-cultural analysis, and comparative analysis. The findings suggest that "Beauty and the Beast" offers a rich narrative that challenges traditional gender roles and societal norms while emphasizing the importance of empathy and compassion. By examining the relationship between Belle and the Beast through various theoretical lenses, the article provides deeper insights into the complexities and enduring appeal of this timeless tale.

Character as a Web of Words: Towards a Network Theory of Narrative

This study explores an integration of network science and structuralist narratology to advance the analysis of literary characters, moving beyond the conventional methodology that simplistically categorizes characters as mere nodes within a social network. By drawing upon Seymour Chatman’s narrative theory, particularly his view of character as “a paradigm of traits,” I conceptualize characters as networks of words that manifest a constellation of traits. This approach enables a sophisticated examination of character interactions as complex (mis)encounters of words and traits, rather than simple social relationships. This interdisciplinary method broadens the analytical scope beyond mere social interactions, and enhances our understanding of the multifaceted nature of characters and their dynamics in literature. My paper concludes by suggesting that networked understanding of character as a web of words can pave the way for “a unified theory of plot and style,” a significant breakthrough in literary studies as envisioned by Moretti. Building a comprehensive network theory of narrative, I argue, is a significant work that will refine the digital literary studies and revive the structuralist narrative theories.