State Of Chaos Research Articles

PAKISTAN'S RELATIONS WITH GERMANY: A HISTORICAL STUDY

Purpose-The study has been conducted with the core objective to overview and understand Pakistan's bilateral relations with Federal Republic of Germany and impacts of these cordial relations. The paper first focuses on the learned by Germans from mistakes of "The Third Reich" (NAZI Dictatorship) and strategies of reconstruction, rehabilitation and reconciliation in post-world war II period that paved ways to German unification and led Germany to secure position as a leading economy, contrary to German case we have to figure out the mistakes and lapses that undermined all major institutions of Pakistan, derailed economy and took Pakistan to state of chaos. Methodology/Sample- A survey was conducted to analyze three relations. First "Can Pakistan learn lesson from Germany as they have moved from devastation to development?" Second "Is there any awareness about importance of our relations with Germany among youth?" Third "Is it right to say that Pakistan can benefit much more if serious efforts are made to further improve the ties with Germany especially in case of trade, energy crises and industrial infrastructure?" 100 students were selected as sample with 100% response rate. Findings-According to our survey overall rate of awareness among youth on Pakistan's relations with Germany resulted approximately 37%. Approximately 80% suggested acquiring German assistance to enhance trace and resolving energy crises. Approximately 60% suggested that Pakistan's relations with Germany should be highlighted in popular media equally as our relations with the U.S or Britain. Contrary to Germany in case of Pakistan alternating spells of military dictatorship, military dominant foreign policy, confrontation with neighbors and preference of security over education, healthcare and development along with corruption are resulted to be prominent factors that have undermined Pakistan's political, social and economic systems.

Cyberterrorism: Postmodern State of Chaos

ABSTRACT This paper examines cyberterrorism and its potential to create a postmodern state of chaos. In general, chaos refers to a state of extreme confusion and disorder. This analysis breaks new ground in that it describes chaos theory as a foundation for better understanding cyberterrorism and explains how chaos theory and game theory are tightly coupled. The author also contrasts modern, conventional terrorism with postmodern, innovative cyberterrorism. The main idea is that the postmodern state of chaos caused by cyberterrorist attacks differs dramatically from the destruction caused by conventional terrorist acts. This comparison serves as the basis for making the point that cyberterrorism is not three-dimensional, it is not analog (but it is digital), and it exposes actors of cyberspace to new concepts of time and space. Another important argument is that the postmodern state of chaos implies the danger of cascading failures brought forth by cyberterrorists. A cascading failure is a succession of f...

Shakespeare's A Midsummer Night's Dream Against Chaucer's “The Knight's Tale”

A Midsummer Night’s Dream is Shakespeare’s most Chaucerian play. Despite disagreement about degree, there can be no doubt that Shakespeare was drawing on the Knight’s Tale for structure, characters, dream-vision and so on. However, Shakespeare cannot be simply regarded as a debtor of Chaucer’s literary legacy. He was an critical interpretor of Chaucer’s tale through his own point of view and style. Shakespeare in his play heightens the irony implicit in Chaucer’s tale to produce the lightest and gayest satire on the storyteller, the Knight, and his ideal role-model, Theseus. Taking the cue from Theseus’s rationalism, Shakespeare emphasizes the importance and the role of imagination, which appears to drive the play into the state of disorder and chaos. Shakespeare shows that the imagination functions to break though the intractable categories and beliefs posited by reason into a new way of seeing and appreciating the world. Discarding the rational dichotomy whereby an adherence to reason is the only way of overcoming disorder and chaos, Shakespeare points out the imagination as a force which is able to free people from the tyranny of reason and from a single-minded vision of the world. In addition, it eventually plays the role of transforming disorder and chaos into universal concord and harmony in the play. Another way to heighten the satire against the Knight’s Tale, Shakespeare humanized his deities, brought them down to earth to sport with and even fall in love with the mortals. Shakespeare was at pains to emphasize the testy relationship of Titania and Oberon and their marital infidelity. Moreover, the lovers in Shakespeare’s play are portrayed as more lively, noisy, articulate, and even passionate, compared with those, including Emily who looks like an inert flower-maiden. Above all, unlike the Knight in Chaucer’s tale, Shakespeare deliberately explored Theseus’s darker side. Shakespeare assigned Theseus an erotic activity far more specific and damaging. His reputation surrounding sexual betrayal and death disturbs the calm surface of the dream, in spite of his ideal vision of rationalism. Ironically, a feeling of reconciliation and a spiritual order are not imposed by Theseus, but by supernatural agents and even Bottom whose power of imagination superficially seems to cause sorrow and disorder in the play.

Unintended consequences: Theatre deregulation and opera in France, 1864–1878

AbstractThe French legislation of 6 January 1864 which deregulated spoken and lyric theatre nationwide showed little sensitivity to the distinctive financial ecology of regional theatre. Its effects were precisely the opposite of those its architects intended, and caused most disruption to the very constituencies the legislation was intended to help. Comparative analysis of the immediate aftermath of this ‘liberté des théâtres’ reveals a state of near chaos across France. Town councils oscillated between abandoning to the market their traditions of theatre as artistic social service, and pouring in yet more taxpayers' money just to maintain the status quo. Opera, as the most expensive art form, was the immediate casualty, ceding considerable ground to a vigorous entertainment sector based around the operetta repertory (including opéra-bouffe) and the café-concert chanson.

Research on Lyapunov Exponent of Chaos Feature in Different Stress Stage of Concrete Joint System

: According to the research on whole curves of strain-stress of concrete materials, the paper illustrates in evidence features of stages and shows that the discrete feature of curve often occurs in strain-softening stage. After chaotic dynamic analysis of testing datas, it presents that system of whole process of strain-stress evolves from ordered steady state to low chaotic state and then to high chaotic state along with increase of compressive strength. The linear relationship of strain- stress grows evident and the system evolves from strong ordered steady state to low chaos state. The strain-stress system before compressive strength peak is basically in weak chaotic state. The is proposed to be the stability criterion of concrete features in different stress stages, and the is regarded as the representative value of the system stability degree. The calculation of example shows that the stability criterion definited by the proposed method is consistent with the actural situation.

Trapped in Ambiguity: Perspectives on the Art of Corruption

State of Corruption, State of Chaos: The Terror of Political Malfeasance. Edited by Michaelene Cox. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, 2008. 201 pp., $65.00 hardcover (ISBN-13: 978-0-739-12388-1). Corruption & Development Aid: Confronting the Challenges. By Georg Cremer. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner, 2008. 168 pp., $19.95 (ISBN-13: 978-1-588-26571-5). Hypocrisy Trap: The World Bank and the Poverty of Reform. By Catherine Weaver. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2008. 288 pp., $22.95 (ISBN-13: 978-0-691-13819-0). Office holders have often ignored their formal responsibilities and obligations and instead exploited personal or organizational opportunities basically at odds with the ethos of their office. This age-old phenomenon is commonly termed corruption. When corruption goes beyond the individual or small group to include the active participation of many people it has become institutionalized. Institutionalized corruption covers a wide range of practices that involves the exchange of political, economic, and social resources, including bribery, nepotism, various forms of patronage and state capture, among others. While they may seem straightforward, such practices are on closer inspection highly complex, contextually embedded and polyvalent. They are publicly condemned by most people yet often de facto tolerated and sometimes even encouraged. The exchanges and chains of actors engaged stretch across conventional boundaries between the public and private, the national and international. The tacit codes and norms inherent to institutionalized corruption, the informal redistribution of resources, and the types of power and authority involved are all factors that have posed severe constraints for attempts to combat it. Since the 1990s anti-corruption campaigns have become more systematized, however. Significantly, they have “gone international,” reflecting broader ideas concerning how societies and organizations ought to be governed in a world shaped by global neoliberal governance. What has come to be termed “international anti-corruption” is spearheaded by actors such as the World Bank, UN and OECD, Transparency International and some Western governments, particularly the United States (for example, Bukovansky 2006; Bracking 2007; De Sousa, Larmour, and Hindess 2009). These efforts have been translated into a series of international conventions (Webb 2005), all of them premised on the claim that corruption erodes democracy, destroys the fair competition of market economies, hinders economic development, increases inequality and poverty, spoils business reputation, and undermines human rights and security. Closely related …

Effects of Metal Ions on Conductivity and Structure of Single DNA Molecule in Different Environmental Conditions

We design a novel nano-gap electrode to measure the current of DNA molecule, by which the current–voltage characteristics of individual native DNA, Ag-DNA and Ni-DNA molecules are obtained, respectively. The results show that the voltage gap of Ag- and Ni-DNA is higher than that of native DNA, and the conductance is lower than native DNA in neutral environment. The structure transition from B- to Z-DNA is observed in the presence of high concentrations of nickel ions and Ag-DNA appears chaos state by STM image and U-V spectra characterization. But in alkaline environment, the conductance of Ni-DNA rises and the voltage gap decreases with the increasing of nickel ion concentration denotes that the conductive ability of Ni-DNA is higher than that of native DNA.

Spatiotemporal chaos and the dynamics of coupled Langmuir and ion-acoustic waves in plasmas

A simulation study is performed to investigate the dynamics of coupled Langmuir waves (LWs) and ion-acoustic waves (IAWs) in an unmagnetized plasma. The effects of dispersion due to charge separation and the density nonlinearity associated with the IAWs are considered to modify the properties of Langmuir solitons, as well as to model the dynamics of relatively large amplitude wave envelopes. It is found that the Langmuir wave electric field, indeed, increases by the effect of ion-wave nonlinearity (IWN). Use of a low-dimensional model, based on three Fourier modes, shows that a transition to temporal chaos is possible, when the length scale of the linearly excited modes is larger than that of the most unstable ones. The chaotic behaviors of the unstable modes are identified by the analysis of Lyapunov exponent spectra. The space-time evolution of the coupled LWs and IAWs shows that the IWN can cause the excitation of many unstable harmonic modes and can lead to strong IAW emission. This occurs when the initial wave field is relatively large or the length scale of IAWs is larger than the soliton characteristic size. Numerical simulation also reveals that many solitary patterns can be excited and generated through the modulational instability of unstable harmonic modes. As time goes on, these solitons are seen to appear in the spatially partial coherence state due to the free ion-acoustic radiation as well as in the state of spatiotemporal chaos due to collision and fusion in the stochastic motion. The latter results in the redistribution of initial wave energy into a few modes with small length scales, which may lead to the onset of Langmuir turbulence in laboratory as well as space plasmas.

A new approach to detecting weak signal in strong noise based on chaos system control

In this paper, a chaos system and proportional differential control are both used to detect the frequency of an unknown signal. In traditional methods the useful signal is obtained through the Duffing equation or other chaotic oscillators. But these methods are too complex because of using a lot of chaos oscillators. In this paper a new method is presented that uses the Rössler equation and proportional differential control to detect a weak signal frequency. Substituting the detected signal frequency into the Rössler equation leads the Rössler phase state to be considerably changed. The chaos state can be controlled through the proportional differential method. Through its phase diagram and spectrum analysis, the unknown frequency is obtained. The simulation results verify that the presented method is feasible and that the detection accuracy is higher than those of other methods.

Women's experiences when ultrasound examinations give unexpected findings in the second trimester

In Norway pregnant women who are not regarded to be in a risk group are offered one routine ultrasound around the 18(th) week of pregnancy. If serious abnormalities are diagnosed, the women may apply for a termination. The aim of this study was to describe and understand some pregnant women's thoughts, feelings and dilemmas of choice when unexpected findings were diagnosed after a routine ultrasound examination. This study was based on 22 semi-structured life world interviews. The women interviewed were informed of unexpected findings after undergoing routine ultrasound examinations around the 18(th) week of pregnancy. The analysis of the data was inspired by phenomenological research and followed the meaning condensation approach described by Kvale (1). The informants' experiences are presented by showing how they described shifts between juxtaposed emotional states: hope-acceptance, distancing-denial and grief-guilt. All of the informants described these swings between different emotions as a state of continuous chaos. The discovery of abnormality in a wanted child at a late stage of pregnancy can evoke an emotional crisis for women. All the informants in this study described swings between different emotions as being in a state of continuous chaos. The women had to make difficult choices regarding their own future and that of their child. Eliminating the anxiety and anguish experienced by women following a diagnosis of fetal abnormality is impossible. It must be possible, however, to mitigate their distress. Further research should develop methods to prepare women for coping in crises like these.

Regeneration in the Nigerian Urban Built Environment

This paper examines the problems and challenges of the Nigeria's urban built environment. Nigeria's built environment is in the state of chaos; as a result of physical deterioration and infrastructures decadence. The decay has resulted in the creation of slums and blights in our urban centers. The paper traces the factors responsible for these, to that: associated with the rapid urbanization; rural-urban migration, which is exerting undue pressure on the available facilities in the urban centers; inadequate and insufficient housing to meet demand and ineffective urban housekeeping. The paper asserts that to avert further decay; there is an urgent need for effective action along a broad front; through urban regeneration of the built environment. Such regeneration should focus on slum eradication and families from them must have decent housing at an affordable cost. Blights must be removed and further spread prevented. The paper posits that our urban centers should be a conducive, harmonious, and pleasing living environment for the citizenry. Therefore, there is the need: to stimulate an effective rural development programme; by the provision of basic infrastructures, amenities and services in the rural areas. These would encourage industrialization of the rural areas; and consequently, serve as growth poles and springboards for the redistribution of population and traffic patterns; for sustainable balance development. The paper concludes that Nigeria can still achieve sustainable human settlement, provided we are ready to adopt and apply the norms and principles of good urban housekeeping.

The influence of the defects without diffusion function on dynamics of spiral wave

The Br model is considered. The influence of the defect, defined by failure of the diffusion effect, on dynamics of spiral wave is investigated by introducing in to the system some defects. These defects are uniformly distributed. It was found numerically that these defects can lead to the reduction of the excitability of medium and the wave speed. When the number of defects is large enough, these defects can induce the meandering or the breakage of an originally stable spiral wave. On the other hands, the defects can yet cause an unstable spiral wave to become a rigidly rotating or meandering spiral wave. The phenomenon that Doppler effect causes unstable spiral wave to break up into co-existing states of spatiotemporal chaos and small spiral waves is observed for the first time. The physical mechanism of these phenomena are briefly discussed.

Adjustment and stability control for wide range input voltage Boost converter with small sinusoidal perturbation

The Boost converter with wide range input voltage, operating at both stable section and unstable section, the chaos phenomenon makes the system work unsteadily. Based on continuous current conduction mode, the adjustment and stability control with small sinusoidal parameter perturbation for Boost converter are discussed. The transition process between stable state and unstable state for different perturbation amplitudes are analyzed in detail, the critical transition conditions between stable state and unstable state are deduced, and the stability conditions are also determined. It is shown by digital simulation that sinusoidal parameter perturbation can not only suppress the chaos phenomenon, but also cause the converter originally in steady state to turn into unsteady chaos state. The consistent and appropriate perturbation amplitude range can be selected for the wide range input voltage, so as to ensure the Boost converter to start, be adjusted and operate steadily and reliably.

Anti-control of chaos in p–Ge photoconductor

We present a scheme for the anti-control of chaos in the p–Ge photoconductor system by using a chaotic laser to irradiate and disturb this system. The numerical simulations show that this scheme can be effectively used to control periodic states in this p–Ge system into chaotic states. Moreover, the different chaos states with different chaotic orbits can be obtained by appropriately adjusting the disturbance intensity and disturbance frequency, and by increasing this intensity or reducing this frequency, this p–Ge system gradually evolves to fully developed chaotic states.

A Provider’s Reflection from Inside the Life Settlement Industry: Understanding the Chaotic Environment

Now nine years into its life cycle, the life settlement industry is no longer a fledgling, early-stage sector of the financial community. Regulated by 30 state insurance departments (including Puerto Rico) and, in part, the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA), this industry has validated itself by creating a secondary market for life insurance policies to the benefit of consumers as well as an asset class for investors that is uncorrelated with the credit and investment risk of the typical money manager’s portfolio. That said, the second half of 2008 through 2009 thus far has proven to be the most challenging of times this industry has experienced. For reasons brought about by the global economy as well as reasons indigenous to this industry, the life settlement community finds itself in a state of chaos. This article reviews the reasons behind such turmoil and examines the confluence of external and internal forces resulting in this financial perfect storm. It also explores the potential remedies and other factors that provide hope that this industry will not only survive, but prevail, in the long run. <b>TOPICS:</b>Financial crises and financial market history, legal and regulatory issues for structured finance

Will healthcare reform actually occur in the US?

Healthcare in the US is currently in a state of chaos. Not only does a large percentage of the population lack health coverage, but overall we are increasingly paying more and more for what in comparison to other countries is a decreasing quality of healthcare. This article describes a few of the factors that compose the context both of current healthcare strategies in the US and of barriers to the creation of a true healthcare system. Accomplishing this goal will require unprecedented bipartisan cooperation of both the Obama administration and Congress.

Entropy, the Fall, and Tillich: A Multidisciplinary Approach to Original Sin

The focus of this paper is to present a bridge between the theological notion of original sin and the scientific concept of entropy. Physics has firmly established that the universe is moving towards increasing entropy, whereby the cosmos is in a state of decay and growing disorder. At the same time, traditional theology has perceived that the world is in a state of chaos, resulting from the sin of Adam and Eve. While these notions have a number of significant similarities, the causal explanation for both theories poses a problem for any correlation between the two. Theology has struggled to explain how human action produced entropic phenomena without enacting anachronistic explanations that discount scientific data. This paper intends to close the gap by positing the principle of entropy as an existential dynamic of the Fall, thus reasserting the universality of original sin and evading the narrowness of anthropocentrism. Paul Tillich's interpretation of the Fall provides important insights that can affirm the corrosion of the world from a scientific and a theological perspective, potentially bringing these two disciplines into a position for a more fruitful dialogue.

Flow—A Flowing Information Interactive Art

Flow is an interactive art work creating a context of flowing information which is unable to be held, but is instead in a state of intermix. The practice aims to represent the chaos state of information in which we find ourselves in our present-day society. When confronted with a huge amount of information, we process it differently based on our opinions. We assume that we understand without question, but how can we firmly believe that our cognition is correct?

Basin boundary, edge of chaos and edge state in a two-dimensional model

Basin boundaries are the boundaries between the basins of attraction of coexisting attractors. When one of the attractors breaks up and becomes a transient repelling structure the basin boundary also disappears. Nevertheless, it is possible to distinguish the two types of dynamics in phase space and to define and identify a remnant of the basin boundary, the edge of chaos. We here demonstrate the concept using a two-dimensional (2D) map, and discuss properties of the edge of chaos and its invariant subspaces, the edge states. The discussion is motivated and guided by observations on certain shear flows like pipe flow and plane Couette flow where the laminar profile and a transient turbulent dynamics coexist for certain parameters, and where the notions of edge of chaos and edge states proved to be useful concepts to characterize the transition to chaos. As in those cases we use the lifetime, i.e. the number of iterations needed to approach the laminar state, as an indicator function to track the edge of chaos and to identify the invariant edge states. The 2D map captures many of the features identified in laboratory experiments and direct numerical simulations of hydrodynamic flows. It illustrates the rich dynamical behavior in the edge of chaos and of the edge states, and it can be used to develop and test further characterizations.

Nonlinear Dynamics of Semiconductor Lasers Under Repetitive Optical Pulse Injection

In this paper, nonlinear dynamics of semiconductor lasers under repetitive optical pulse injection are studied numerically. Different dynamical states, including pulsation and oscillation states, are found by varying the intensity and the repetition rate of the injection pulses. The laser is found to enter the chaotic pulsation (CP) states and chaotic oscillation (CO) states through individual period-doubling routes. Mapping and corresponding Lyapunov exponents of these dynamical states are plotted and examined in the parameter space. Moreover, the bandwidths of the chaos states found are investigated, where the bandwidths of the CP states observed at the strong injection regime are two to four times broader than the bandwidths of the CO states found at the weak injection regime. In this paper, frequency-locked states with different winding numbers, the ratio of the oscillation frequency, and the repetition frequency of the injection pulses are also studied. Both the cases for repetition frequency above and below the relaxation oscillation frequency are examined. The winding numbers of the frequency-locked states reveal a Devil's staircase structure, where a Farey tree showing the relations between the neighboring states is constructed.