Channel Scheme Research Articles

Two RRNS-Based Error Correction Schemes for DNA Storage Channels

Two RRNS-Based Error Correction Schemes for DNA Storage Channels

Unknown Input Observer Scheme for Open-flow Irrigation Channels

In agriculture, most of the water is transported by networks of open channel irrigation systems (OCIS). To ensure an optimal operation of this type of systems, it is very important to have accurate monitoring of all the system state variables. In order to perform robust estimation mitigating the effect of unknown user demands, an unknown input observer for one sided Lipschitz (OSL) quadratically inner bounded (QIB) systems is proposed. The proposed UIO scheme is assessed in a case study based on the Corning channel in California that is modelled uisng material and energy balances. The modeling methodology includes inflows and outflows of matter, along with a transition flow which models the effect of potential energy (channel slope) and kinetic energy (velocity in the transport of matter and frictional losses). The objective of this paper is to show that with the UIO for QIB-OSL systems, costs could be reduced in the purchase of sensors, since the observer is capable of reconstructing the upstream heights from the measurements of the downstream heights, which will be subject to noise and unknown inputs (in this case, user demands).

Channel Parameter Estimation of mmWave MIMO System in Urban Traffic Scene: A Training Channel-Based Method

In frequency selective channel environment, channel estimation in hybrid precoding millimeter-wave (mmWave) massive multiple input multiple output (MIMO) system is a challenge issue. To solve this problem, we propose an effective channel estimation scheme for frequency selective channel, which is based on the training channel model in urban traffic environment. Considering that the practical mmWave MIMO channel is sparsity and the subcarrier multi-channels have the same sparse structure, we regard the channel estimation problem as the sparse channel recovery, and propose a multipath simultaneous matching tracking estimation method. It is assumed that the noise between the practical channels has a certain correlation, and the noise correlation has an impact on the selection of the optimal atomic support set in the process of channel recovery. Therefore, noise weighting is introduced in our proposed method. The simulation results prove the validity of this proposed method in frequency selective mmWave MIMO channel. Without increasing the complexity of the algorithm, the proposed method can achieve better local performance than the traditional classical methods.

Real-Time Implementation of a Cognitive Radio Node for Video Transmission with Dynamic Channel Selection

This paper endeavors to exploit the extent to which the radio spectrum can be utilized by almagating and enhancing various methods proposed by previous researchers in the field. Cognitive radio research addresses the challenge of spectrum scarcity and underutilization through cognitive radio technology. The realm of cognitive radio research encompasses diverse aspects of its architecture, ranging from spectrum sensing to higher-level strategies. Notably, the navigation strategy employed by cognitive radios constitutes a pivotal layer in these implementations. Thus, this paper focuses on the real-time implementation of a cognitive radio node in a spectrum of licensed users. Leveraging the capabilities of software-defined radios, GNU Radio, GStreamer and Ubuntu OS computers, this investigation introduces a streamlined channel strategy. This strategy uses both short-term and long-term historical data, along with a buffering mechanism, to facilitate the real-time transmission of a high-definition video signal. The successful implementation of this system yields a promising enhancement of approximately 32% in radio resource utilization. Furthermore, the sensing time of the cognitive radio experiences a significant reduction. This research contributes to the advancement of cognitive radio technology and demonstrates the consolidated strategies' practical implications, underscoring their potential to overcome spectrum-related challenges.

The Influential Factors on Maybach Sales

The vehicle market suffered as a result of COVID-19. Most vehicle companies' sales decreased year after year; however, Maybach's sales climbed year after year. Based on this fact, the following issue is posed in this paper: Why can Maybach improve annual sales in a falling car market? This study examines Maybach's product strategy, pricing strategy, and channel strategy, combining a theoretical understanding of marketing mix theory with relevant studies based on marketing mix theory. Finally, it is determined that Maybach's product strategy is the cause of their increased sales, and it is suggested that Maybach extend its product line. Maybach's price strategy is the reason for their increased sales, and it is suggested that Maybach offer specific price concessions to loyal and repeat customers. Maybach's channel strategy is responsible for the company's increased sales, and it is advised that Maybach develop an official social media account. This report makes precise recommendations for Maybach in order to earn more loyal customers in the future.

Non-Line-of-Sight Atmospheric Optical Communication in the Visible Wavelength Range between UAV and the Ground Surface

An opto-electronic system for non-line-of-sight (NLOS) communication using scattered laser radiation for unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)–ground and ground–UAV schemes at a wavelength of λ = 450 nm and a ground–UAV scheme at a wavelength of λ = 510 nm are described. The symbol error rate (SER) and its standard deviation were analyzed for different schemes of the communication channel. The transceiver system included a laser source with a power supply, a modulator, a lens refractor, a bandpass filter, a photomultiplier tube (PMT), a demodulator, and a receiving computer. The experimental data obtained at nighttime showed that the NLOS atmospheric optical communication at a wavelength of λ = 450 nm was feasible for the UAV–ground scheme at a baseline distance of up to 150 m for a UAV with a transmitter at a height of 10 m and at a baseline distance of up to 125 m for a UAV at a height of 20 m. For the ground–UAV scheme, stable communication was observed at baseline distances of up to 50 m for a UAV with a receiver at a height up to 30 m. The NLOS atmospheric optical communication at a wavelength of 510 nm was obtained for the ground–UAV scheme at baseline distances of up to 100 m for a UAV with a receiver at a height up to 45 m, as well as at baseline distances of up to 385 m for UAV flying at a height up to 20 m.

VARIETY OF SHOPPING MODES: THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK, PIVOTAL FACTORS, AND MANAGERIAL IMPLICATIONS

With the development of e-commerce and smartphones, consumers can use a variety of shopping modes (i.e., showrooming, webrooming, and completely offline/online shopping), each of which provides specific advantages in terms of price, assortment, service, etc. Using a great variety of these shopping modes can confer many benefits. However, previous studies have found evidence of sizable segments of consumers who typically avoid using a great variety of shopping modes. To understand the contrast in consumers’ variety of shopping modes, we propose a theoretical framework and measure the effect of the desired variety in the information-seeking and purchase processes. Results – from a representative sample of the Spanish consumers – confirm that the variety of shopping modes pivots on the extent to which e-commerce use, smartphone use, offline and online interactivity, and online device interchangeability differ. Better understanding the variety of shopping modes may help marketers adjust their channel strategies to the actual preferences of different consumer segments and assess the economic viability of an omnichannel approach.

Optimal channel strategy for an e-seller: Whether and when to introduce live streaming?

The introduction of a live-streaming channel presents numerous opportunities for e-sellers, effectively reducing consumer uncertainty and enhancing consumer valuation. Few studies have investigated whether and when an e-seller should introduce a live-streaming channel. To fill this gap, this paper considers two live-streaming channel strategies, where one is the e-seller and another is live streamer. This study aims to investigate the impact of live-streaming selling on the e-seller’s optimal decisions, our findings show that introducing the live-streaming channel benefits for the e-seller when the slotting fee is sufficiently low in the e-seller operated live-streaming channel, or when the live streamer’s sales ability is sufficiently high in the live streamer operated live-streaming channel. Then, we examine the pricing decisions in different channels of the e-seller considering live-streaming selling, it shows that the price in the live-streaming channel is not always lower, which is dependent on the live streamer’s sales ability. Moreover, both the e-seller and the live streamer consistently prefer the e-seller to operate the live-streaming channel when introducing the live-streaming channel within a specific range of slotting fee. Finally, the research was extended to a hybrid channel scenario, and the results reveal that the e-seller may not consistently benefit from such configurations.

Optimal financing and sales channel strategies for a capital-constrained supply chain with different risk preferences

In a volatile market environment, it is an important issue whether a manufacturer with capital constraints should establish an online direct sales channel to encroach the retail market. In addition to loans from financial institutions, third-party logistics (3PL) financing provides an alternative way for the manufacturer to solve its capital difficulties. Considering that the manufacturer exhibits diversified risk preferences for uncertain demand, we build an analytical model to examine the financing and sales channel decisions of the manufacturer, retailer and 3PL. Further, the impacts of differentiated freight rates and portfolio financing on key decisions are explored. Our results mainly contribute to the literature in two aspects: In terms of financing strategies, the 3PL tends to conduct financial business at a lower interest rate under a single-channel strategy, but a reduction in the 3PL interest rate prevents the manufacturer from adopting 3PL financing. In contrast, a larger financing need promotes the 3PL to offer a loan with a higher interest rate under a dual-channel strategy, which in turn drives the manufacturer to enhance its preference for bank financing. 3PL financing is always more conducive to improving the retailer’s profit. In terms of sales strategies, a smaller establishment cost of the online channel or greater risk tolerance encourages the manufacturer to implement the dual-channel strategy, while lower price competition and online channel preference prevent the manufacturer from encroaching so that it only employs a single offline channel for sales. An increase in price competition between channels encourages the manufacturer to establish the online channel, and manufacturer encroachment weakens the retailer’s profit. Furthermore, differentiated freight rates reduces the participants’ propensity for 3PL financing, while portfolio financing enhances the manufacturer’s motivation to develop the online sales channel.

Channel strategy and the management of fake reviews in a catering platform service supply chain

With the burgeoning of the platform economy, the online-to-offline catering industry has developed rapidly. However, the industry faces various challenges, such as fierce channel competition and fake reviews. This paper investigates a Catering Platform Service Supply Chain (CPSSC) consisting of a restaurant (she) and an online service platform (he). The restaurant decides whether to join the platform or not. If yes, we further delve into the issue of the restaurant’s potential fake reviews and devise a platform supervision mechanism as a viable solution. The research findings first show that if the restaurant’s offline profit is below a threshold, she would be incentivized to join the platform when the commission rate is relatively low. Furthermore, this incentive would decrease when more offline consumers switch to the online channel. Secondly, the restaurant will set a higher online pricing ratio after joining the platform if its online review rating is above the industry average, and vice versa. Thirdly, if both firms focus on their short-term benefits while neglecting their corporate reputations, they would fall into the dilemma of boiling frogs in gradually heated water. To solve this dilemma, we establish an evolutionary game model to explore the long-term strategic interaction between the restaurant and platform while concurrently formulating a robust supervision mechanism. The results suggest that reinforcing consumers’ trust in the platform’s supervision and enhancing the supervision effectiveness can significantly benefit the entire CPSSC.

MSDSE: Predicting drug-side effects based on multi-scale features and deep multi-structure neural network

Unexpected side effects may accompany the research stage and post-marketing of drugs. These accidents lead to drug development failure and even endanger patients' health. Thus, it is essential to recognize the unknown drug-side effects. Most existing methods in silico find the answer from the association network or similarity network of drugs while ignoring the drug-intrinsic attributes. The limitation is that they can only handle drugs in the maturation stage.To be suitable for early drug-side effect screening, we conceive a multi-structural deep learning framework, MSDSE, which synthetically considers the multi-scale features derived from the drug. MSDSE can jointly learn SMILES sequence-based word embedding, substructure-based molecular fingerprint, and chemical structure-based graph embedding. In the preprocessing stage of MSDSE, we project all features to the abstract space with the same dimension. MSDSE builds a bi-level channel strategy, including a convolutional neural network module with an Inception structure and a multi-head Self-Attention module, to learn and integrate multi-modal features from local to global perspectives. Finally, MSDSE regards the prediction of drug-side effects as pair-wise learning and outputs the pair-wise probability of drug-side effects through the inner product operation. MSDSE is evaluated and analyzed on benchmark datasets and performs optimally compared to other baseline models. We also set up the ablation study to explain the rationality of the feature approach and model structure. Moreover, we select model partial prediction results for the case study to reveal actual capability. The original data are available at http://github.com/yuliyi/MSDSE.

The influence of luxury brand personality on digital interaction evaluations: a focus on European and North American markets

PurposeDo luxury consumers negatively evaluate digital interactions (website and social media) by international luxury brands? The topic has received much debate. The authors argue that luxury brand personality (modern vs. traditional), which encompasses a more stable form of brand identity in global markets, affects evaluations of digital interactions. They further investigate the role of self-brand connection in this process.Design/methodology/approachThree experiments on Prolific use a European sample and manipulate a single factor between subjects (modernity: less vs. more; traditionality: less vs. more) of French luxury brands and measure evaluations as the dependent variable. Two studies assesses self-brand connection (continuous) as a moderator (studies 2a, 2b). Study 2b rules out some alternative explanations, with culture (independent vs. collectivist) as an independent variable. A fourth study, using a North American sample on CloudResearch, assesses the effect of personality manipulation (more modernity vs. more traditionality) on consumer evaluations of an Italian brand, and assesses ubiquity perceptions as a mediator.FindingsConsumers evaluate digital interactions of international luxury brands less favorably when luxury brand personality exhibits more (vs. less) modernity or less (vs. more) traditionality. Perceptions of ubiquity mediate these relationships. When self-brand connection is high, this effect is attenuated.Originality/valueThe research sheds light on the debate on whether luxury brands should create digital interactions in international markets, given that these global brands operate in multiple channels. Findings show that luxury brands can develop strategies based on aspects of their brand identity, a less malleable feature of brand identity within global markets. Additionally, the research contributes to the conversation about a global luxury market. In short, the findings offer evidence in favor of brand identity (personality) influencing the digital channel strategy a brand should undertake in international markets, first, followed by consumer needs.

Analyzing the Marketing Strategy Model for L'Occitane

People are paying more attention to body skin care as the economy and society develop, and the demand for body care products is increasing. At the same time, with the continuous progress of Internet technology, China ushered in the "traffic era". Various social platforms play an important role in users' use of the Internet, so the traffic-guided marketing strategy has huge value in the market. This paper applied Marketing Mix theory and SWOT analysis, combined with the actual situation of the L'Occitane brand, through the analysis of the brand's marketing status and existing problems from four aspects: product strategy, price strategy, channel strategy, and promotion strategy, to analyze the shortcomings of L 'Occitane traditional marketing model. The new marketing strategy of L'Occitane and its similar skin care products in the age of traffic is proposed. This paper put forward specific measures for L'Occitane and similar skin care products to cope with the new marketing model in the traffic era from the aspects of paying attention to the traffic promotion on social media platforms and expanding the scope of skin care products publicity.

Omnichannel Retailing in Light of Psychological Factors: A Mediated Model.

Retail businesses have been seeing dramatic changes in the last decades. It has evolved from single-channel retailing to omnichannel retailing, providing a seamless shopping experience to customers. Customers armed with modern technology are creating challenges for retailers and forcing them to create an omnichannel environment. So, implementing an omnichannel retailing strategy is a big challenge for retail managers in the age of modern technologies. Retailers could evaluate consumers' usage intention of omnichannel retailing based on technological and psychological factors. However, research based on psychological factors is limited in the prevailing literature on omnichannel retailing. Based on the Motivational Model (MM) and Big-Five Factors (BFF) of personality traits, the study tried to fill the gap regarding the influence of psychological factors on omnichannel usage intention. A sample of 724 respondents through a structured questionnaire from a developing economy. The target population of the current study was internet users, as they might be prospective Omni shoppers in the near future. Relationships were tested through Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with AMOS 23. Results revealed that personality traits directly correlate with omnichannel usage intention, while motivations (intrinsic and extrinsic) partially mediate these relationships. Moreover, the results of the current study also revealed that the personality traits extraversion, agreeableness, and conscientiousness are vital antecedents of behavioral intention. Intrinsic and extrinsic motivations positively impact consumers' usage intention, while extrinsic motivation partially mediates intrinsic motivation and consumers' usage intention. Additionally, full mediation prevails in the association of consumers' usage intention and personality traits (emotional stability and Openness to experiences). The domino effects provide a solid theoretical milestone in understanding the phenomenon of omnichannel retailing strategy and facilitates marketing managers to design channel strategies for emerging economics.

Achieving High Performance of ZnSnO Thin-Film Transistor via Homojunction Strategy.

The zinc-tin-oxide (ZTO) thin-film transistor (TFT) is one of the most promising candidates for advanced display applications, though its popularity is limited by its performances. In this work, a heterojunction channel strategy was adopted to regulate the electron transport behaviors and the TFT performances by manipulating the concentration and the distribution of oxygen vacancies, and a reasonable physical model was proposed based on experimental and simulation results. It is difficult to mediate the contradiction between mobility and threshold voltage for the single channel. Via a heterojunction channel strategy, desirable TFT performances, with mobility of 12.5 cm2/Vs, threshold voltage of 1.2 V and Ion/Ioff of 3 × 109, are achieved when the oxygen-vacancy-enriched layer gets close to the gate insulator (GI). The enhanced performances can be mainly attributed to the formation of two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG), the insensitive potential barrier and the reasonable distribution of oxygen vacancy. On the contrary, when the oxygen-vacancy-enriched layer stays away from GI, all the main performances degenerate due to the vulnerable potential well. The findings may facilitate the development and application of heterojunction channels for improving the performances of electronic devices.

Channel Power, Influence Strategy, Relationship Continuity, and Channel Performance: An Examination of Sanitary Equipment Manufacturers

Purpose: This study aims to examine the influence of channel power and influence strategy, in terms of non-coercive strategies, on sanitary equipment manufacturers' relationships with channel members and channel performance. Theoretical framework: The study is based on the literature on channel relationships, which suggests that using an influence strategy can contribute to managing the relationship with the channel members and benefit organization performance. Design/Methodology/Approach: In this study, we sampled from a sanitary equipment manufacturer's channel strategy. We used survey data to examine the effect of channel management strategies from sanitary equipment manufacturers on distributors. Findings: The finding indicates that a supplier using economic power tends to adopt non-coercive strategies. In addition, economic power and non-coercive strategies positively affect the continuity of the relationship with distributors. Relationship continuity between manufacturers and distributors positively impacts whole channel performance. Originality/Value: This study sampled the distributors in the sanitary equipment industry, a market in which the consumers are not knowledgeable about the products. Most consumers base their purchase decisions heavily on the channel member’s recommendations. Therefore, how to manage the relationship with the channel members is critical to understand. Research, Practical & Social implications: Distributors are regarded as an extension of the company's sales capabilities. Channels have always held an essential position in the industry. Maintaining relationships between distributors and improving channel performance is a critical question in distribution management.

Spectral-Efficient TSB Scheme for Multiple Scatterer Clusters Channel in Massive MIMO

Spectral-Efficient TSB Scheme for Multiple Scatterer Clusters Channel in Massive MIMO

FASURA: A Scheme for Quasi-Static Fading Unsourced Random Access Channels

FASURA: A Scheme for Quasi-Static Fading Unsourced Random Access Channels

Strategi pemasaran digital scarlett whitening

The current development of various marketing media means that business actors must be able to execute marketing strategies in various media channels, both directly and digitally. One product that utilizes all communication channels to market its products is Scarlett Whitening. Although it is classified as a new brand, it is already quite popular among Indonesian people. This study aims to analyze the digital marketing strategy for Scarlett Whitening products. The research was conducted with a descriptive qualitative approach. Research data uses primary data and secondary data. Data is collected by making observations while secondary data comes from the results of searching data in various popular and official databases, as well as scientific publications. The results of the study concluded that there were four main digital strategies carried out by the company, namely Collaboration with Influencers, providing Platforms and marketing on various marketplaces such as Lazada, Tokopedia, Tiktok Shop and Shopee, making brand ambassadors not only local but also foreign actors who have many fans and implementing promotional strategies such as flash sales, promos in the form of Scarlett Whitening beauty product packages and discounts. This research suggests carrying out marketing innovations in addition to maintaining existing digital marketing strategies. The marketing innovation carried out is collaborative marketing with various well-known products. If this research examines marketing strategy in general, then for future researchers this research suggests conducting research on more specific strategy analysis, for example marketing analysis using influencers. Specific research is expected to produce more in-depth results.

An Improved Bit-Flipping Algorithm of Successive Cancellation List Decoding for Polar Codes

Polar codes, as the coding scheme for the control channel in fifth-generation mobile communication technology (5G), have attracted widespread attention since their proposal. As a mainstream decoding algorithm for polar codes, the successive cancellation list (SCL) decoder usually improves the error correction performance by increasing the list size, but this method suffers from the problems of high decoding complexity. To address this problem, this paper proposes a layered-search bit-flipping (LS-SCLF) decoding algorithm based on SCL decoding. Firstly, a new flip-bit metric is proposed, which derives a formula to approximate the probability of an error occurring in an information bit. This formula introduces a perturbation parameter to improve the calculation accuracy. Secondly, a compromise scheme for determining the perturbation parameter is proposed. The scheme uses Monte Carlo simulation to determine an optimized parameter for the precise positioning of the first erroneous decoded bit under different decoding conditions. Finally, a layered search strategy is adopted to sequentially search the erroneous decoded bits from the low order to high order, which can correct up to multiple bits at the same time. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm achieves improved error correction performance with a slight increase in decoding complexity compared to the generalized SCL-Flip (GSCLF) decoding algorithm. This algorithm also achieves a good balance between the error correction performance and decoding complexity.