Electron Transport Channels Research Articles

Atomically Dispersed Ta-O-Co Sites Capable of Mitigating Side Reaction Occurrence for Stable Lithium-Oxygen Batteries.

The side reactions accompanying the charging and discharging process, as well as the difficulty in decomposing the discharge product lithium peroxide, have been important issues in the research field of lithium-oxygen batteries for a long time. Here, single atom Ta supported by Co3O4 hollow sphere was designed and synthesized as a cathode catalyst. The single atom Ta forms an electron transport channel through the Ta-O-Co structure to stabilize octahedral Co sites, forming strong adsorption with reaction intermediates and ultimately forming a film-like lithium peroxide that is highly dispersed. More importantly, the formation of the Ta-O-Co structure can reduce the vacancy formation energy on the catalyst surface, accelerate oxygen activation and conversion into superoxide anions, promote the rapid conversion of strong oxidizing intermediate lithium superoxide into lithium peroxide, avoid the oxidation of lithium superoxide to the electrode and electrolyte, reduce the occurrence of side reactions, and mitigate the production of byproduct lithium carbonate. The overpotential of the battery is reduced significantly, and the reversibility and cycling stability of the battery are improved. This study provides a practical and feasible direction for mitigating the side reaction and improving the performance of the battery.

Ultrasensitive electrochemical detection of gallic acid in beverages based on nitrogen-doped multi-walled carbon nanotube networks embellished with cobalt 2-methylimidazole nanoparticles.

This work presents a convenient and easy-to-operate method for synthesizing the functionally integrated nanocomposite of nitrogen-doped multi walled carbon nanotube networks (N-CNTs) and cobalt 2-methylimidazole (ZIF-67) nanoparticles. The N-CNTs@ZIF-67 nanocomposite was utilized to design a novel electrochemical sensing platform for detecting gallic acid (GA). The N-CNTs@ZIF-67 modified glass carbon electrode (GCE) demonstrated high sensitivity for GA electrochemical detection (LOD: 10.17nM, detection concentration: 0.5-20μM). N-CNTs provided efficient electron transport channels for the GA electrochemical detection reaction, which improved the transfer rate of electrons/ions at the interface of sensing electrode/electrolyte. ZIF-67 nanoparticles with highly porous structure could adsorb GA molecules and promote the oxidation reaction. Besides that, N-CNTs provided more active sites on carbon nanotube networks by nitrogen-doping, which significantly enhanced the catalytic activity. The prepared N-CNTs@ZIF-67/GCE sensor exhibited favorable GA sensing detection performance, realizing an accurate analysis of GA in beverage samples (Recovery: 96.77-107.93%, RSD: 1.07-4.38%).

Electrode informatics accelerated the optimization of key catalyst layer parameters in direct methanol fuel cells.

As the core component of direct methanol fuel cells, the catalyst layer plays the key role as a species, proton and electron transport channel. However, due to the complexity of the system, optimizing its performance involves a large number of experiments and high costs. In this study, finite element simulation combined with machine learning model was constructed to accelerate power density prediction and evaluate the influence of catalyst layer parameters on the maximum power density of direct methanol fuel cells. We built a fuel cell simulation model corresponding to different parameters, obtaining a database of more than 200 sets of 19 eigenvalues, and then used different machine learning models for training and prediction. Finally, three tree-integration methods were selected to rank the importance of 19 characteristic parameters. In addition, we performed a high-throughput screening of 200 000 different parameter combinations based on sequential model-based algorithm configuration. We selected the top 10 parameter combinations with high expected improvement scores and employed them into a numerical simulation model. The results show that a majority of the polarization curves obtained from the top combinations exceed the maximum power density of the original database. This method greatly saves the time of collecting fuel cell data for experiments and speeds up the parameter optimization process.

Construction of a 0D-2D-2D Sandwich-like Ag/g-C3N4/MoS2 Photocatalyst with Bidirectional Electron Transfer Channels for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution.

Hydrogen (H2) production technology has sparked a boom in research aimed at alleviating environmental pollution and the pressure of nonrenewable energy sources. A key factor in this technology is the use of efficient photocatalysts. In this work, we successfully synthesized a 0D-2D-2D sandwich-like Ag/g-C3N4/MoS2 catalyst with bidirectional electron transfer channels via a calcination-hydrothermal method. The H2 evolution reaction of the Ag/g-C3N4/MoS2 catalyst under simulated solar light irradiation conditions revealed that it achieved a maximum H2 evolution rate of 1061.13 μmol·g-1·h-1, representing a 43.12-fold improvement over pristine g-C3N4. Based on systematic characterization with a combination of theoretical simulations, time-resolved photoluminescence, and electron spin resonance spectra, we demonstrate that the remarkable improvement in photocatalytic performance was ascribed to the bidirectional electron transport channels and 0D-2D-2D structure of the ternary catalyst. This unique structure, which was characterized by a large specific surface area, provided numerous active sites for photocatalytic reactions. Bidirectional electron transfer channels expedited the migration of photogenerated electrons reaching cocatalysts MoS2 and Ag from the conduction band of g-C3N4, consequently enhancing the photocatalytic activity. This study highlights the effectiveness of the bidirectional electron transfer channels in promoting charge carrier migration and suppressing charge carrier recombination for boosting photocatalytic hydrogen evolution and provides an efficient strategy for the actual application of g-C3N4-based photocatalysts.

Dynamically logical modulation for THz wave within a dual gate-controlled 2DEG metasurface.

High-speed logic modulation of terahertz (THz) waves is crucial for future communications, yet a technology gap persists. Here, we report a dual gate-controlled two-dimensional electronic gas logic modulation metasurface that enables symmetric and asymmetric electron distribution states through independent control of the two electron transport channels. The transition between these two states leads to various response modes in the metasurface and notably increases the diversity of the spectrum transformation, resulting in a multivalued relationship in which each output corresponds to more than one input signal, thus establishing the logical modulation. Our results demonstrate the common logical functions of AND, OR, XOR, XNOR, NOR, and NAND at different frequencies with a modulation speed faster than 250 picoseconds. This work offers a unique avenue for the high-speed, free-space logical operation of THz waves and increases the security of secure communication.

Conjugated carbon network mediated - Graphdiyne based Cu2MoS4 homojunction for enhanced charge transfer dynamics

The preparation of stable and environment-friendly catalysts with high photocatalytic performance is of practical significance for the application of photocatalytic hydrogen evolution technology. Graphdiyne has a unique sp and sp2 hybrid structure, making it a potential photocatalyst due to its high surface carrier mobility and porous network structure. In this study, a Cu2MoS4 homojunction composite catalyst with conjugated carbon networks as electron transport channels was prepared by in situ solvothermal growth. Graphdiyne provides an additional pathway for photogenerated electron transfer, improving the efficiency of the interface charge separation. Simultaneously, the built-in electric field at the interface of Cu2MoS4 provides a strong driving force for electron transfer. Owing to the significant visible light absorption and effective multichannel transmission of photogenerated electrons, the Cu2MoS4/graphdiyne composite catalyst exhibited astonishing photocatalytic hydrogen evolution activity (11000 μmol g-1), which is 10 times that of Cu2MoS4 homojunction. Further experimental research and theoretical calculations provided effective evidence for the charge transfer pathway. This work provides a new strategy for constructing efficient hydrogen evolution photocatalysts and regulating the migration of photogenerated electrons.

Construction of δ-FeOOH/NiMn2S4 heterointerface for efficient alkaline oxygen evolution reaction

Alkaline water electrolysis driven by sustainable energy is a viable approach for large-scale green hydrogen production. The development of non-precious metal-based electrocatalysts that combine high activity and stability for the alkaline oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is of great importance. In this work, we design and construct a δ-FeOOH/NiMn2S4/NF heterointerface using a solvothermal/calcination process followed by a facile successive ionic layer adsorption reaction (SILAR) treatment. Experimental tests indicate that the formation of the heterogeneous interface between the δ-FeOOH and the NiMn2S4 creates a good electron transport channel for an efficient electrocatalytic process and improves the charge transfer kinetics. As a result, the prepared δ-FeOOH/NiMn2S4/NF exhibits a low overpotential of 210 mV at 10 mA cm−2 and a low Tafel slope value of 46.6 mV dec−1, and satisfactory stability with a 92.9 % retention after 72 h of OER operation at around 100 mA cm−2. In situ Raman and in-situ attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) tests show that the introduction of δ-FeOOH inhibits the oxidation of Ni2+ to Ni3+ and stabilizes the Ni-S bond to prevent its auto-oxidation, leads to an increase in the electrocatalytic OER activity.

Embedding Pt in Ni-MOF/CdS organic-inorganic hybrid materials as electron channel to promote photogenerated carrier separation for enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen evolution under visible light

CdS exhibits a high photogenerated carrier yield, yet it is susceptible to photocorrosion due to the limited number of active sites. Ni-MOF boasts a considerable specific surface area and a plethora of active sites, yet it displays a low photogenerated carrier yield and suboptimal conductivity. In this study, the incorporation of Pt into a Ni-MOF/Pt/CdS hybrid material served as an electron transport channel, effectively addressing the limitations of CdS, Ni-MOF, and electrical conductivity. The results of electrochemical tests demonstrate that the electron transport and separation efficiency of the hybridised material is noteworthy. Following the performance test, the optimal visible photocatalytic hydrogen evolution rate of the Ni-MOF/Pt/CdS hybrid material was found to be 14.1 mmol h−1g−1, representing a significant enhancement of approximately 61.3 times compared to that of pure CdS. Furthermore, XPS analysis indicates the presence of Pt-S bonds, which effectively inhibit the oxidation of S2− to S on the CdS surface, thus alleviating the photocorrosion phenomenon and enhancing the cycling stability. This level of stability is maintained at 92.6 % after five cycles. This work offers a novel approach to addressing the limitations of inorganic catalysts, including the scarcity of active sites and the low photogenerated carrier yield, as well as the poor conductivity observed in organic catalysts.

Synergistic effects of interstitial and substitutional doping on the thermoelectric properties of PbS

Lead sulfide (PbS) is widely recognized as a promising n-type thermoelectric material for use in the middle-temperature range. Although it already exhibits favorable electronic and thermal properties, its thermoelectric performance could be further enhanced by addressing the disparity between the light and heavy bands in the conduction band, thereby optimizing electrical transport, and by modifying the strength of its chemical bonds to reduce lattice thermal conductivity. In this study, we demonstrate that introducing just small amounts of antimony (Sb) into PbS generates a unique combination of interstitial and substitutional doping that leads to a significant improvement in both directions. Substitutional doping enhances the degeneracy between the light and heavy bands, increasing carrier mobility. At the same time, interstitial doping introduces a new resonance state near the Fermi level, providing an additional channel for electron transport while boosting carrier concentration. These synergistic effects lead to a marked increase in the power factor of PbS, achieving an average power factor (PFavg) of 1.07 mW m−1 K−2 across the temperature range of 320–873 K. Moreover, Sb substitution for Pb induces a shift in the surrounding S atoms toward Sb, weakening their bonds with neighboring Pb atoms. This shift results in a coexistence of strong and weak chemical bonds, which effectively reduces lattice thermal conductivity. Additionally, the defect structures introduced by Sb doping effectively scatter phonons, further lowering lattice thermal conductivity. As a result, PbS doped with 0.5% Sb exhibits a figure of merit (ZT) of 0.73 at 873 K, which is approximately three times higher than that of undoped PbS.

Hierarchical Dual-Carbon Anode and Cathode Derived from Zeolitic Imidazolate Frameworks Grown on 3D Graphene Oxide Aerogels for Ultrahigh-Performance Potassium-Ion Hybrid Energy Storage Systems

A potassium-ion hybrid system has been shown to be highly suitable for dual-mode applications as both a battery and a supercapacitor, once the issues of slow kinetics in the anode and low capacity in the cathode are addressed. In this study, we design a Potassium-ion hybrid energy storage (PIHES) system that excels in both rapid charging and high energy density. The PIHES full cells are developed using zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs) grown on 3D graphene oxide aerogels (RGOAs). These microporous ZIFs on 3D RGOAs form a Zn-embedded hierarchical porous graphitic carbon anode material. Sub-nanometer Zn particles in the anode facilitate rapid faradaic reactions, as confirmed by operando X-ray diffraction studies combined with kinetic analysis. The hierarchical structure of the material, with its porosity and graphitization, promotes the efficient transport of ions and electrons. First-principles density functional theory calculations reveal the underlying mechanism of potassium's superior adsorption behavior on sub-nanometer Zn nanoparticles compared to other materials, resulting in high-rate capability. The Zn-embedded ZIF-derived hierarchical porous carbon (ZZHPC) offers approximately twice the capacity of pristine ZIFs. Our cathode materials are derived from the graphitic carbon production and Zn evaporation from ZIFs on 3D RGOAs, featuring N-rich microporous sites for high capacity, excellent electrolyte wettability, and mesoporous graphitic carbon channels for rapid ion and electron transport. Our potassium-ion hybrid capacitor, utilizing a ZZHPC anode and a ZIF-derived hierarchical porous carbon (ZHPC) cathode, achieves an unprecedented energy density of 207.5 Wh kg-1 and a fast-chargeable power density of 21,500 W kg-1, while maintaining nearly 100% Coulombic efficiency over 10,000 cycles.

In-situ growing of MIL88A(Fe)@active faceted Cu2O core-shell heterostructure for super photocatalytic performance and catalytic reduction of toxic nitrophenol compounds

Herein, well-constructed 2D active (110) and (111) faceted Cu2O nanosheets are in-situ grown on the surface of spindle MIL-88A to form a novel porous MIL88A (Fe)@active faceted Cu2O core-shell heterostructure via a facile solvothermal method. The fabricated heterostructure is optimized to be a promising catalyst for the catalytic reduction of various nitrophenol compounds such as P-nitrophenol and 2,4-dinitrophenols, as well as the removal of methylene blue dye (MB). The optimal M88@Cu2O-2 heterostructure demonstrated an outstanding catalytic performance for reducing nitrophenols, reaching 96.7 % for P-nitrophenol and 96.1 % for 2.4-dinitrophenol. It also achieved excellent photocatalytic activity for MB dye, reaching 95 % through 30 min, compared to 64 % and 72 % for Cu2O and MIL-88A, with rate constants (k) reaching 0.1, 0.038, and 0.04 min−1, respectively. The surprising photocatalytic performance of the prepared structure could be attributed to the following aspects: (i) the growth of the active (111) and (110) facets Cu2O on the surface of MIL-88A, which could provide various surface energies, reactivates, and crystallographic arrangements, all of which impact the photocatalytic efficiency of the designed M88@Cu2O-2 heterostructure, (ii) the construction of an efficient heterojunction between active faceted Cu2O and MIL88A, which resists the recombination of e- and h+, improving the migration and separation of charge carriers, and (iii) the core-shell construction could provide more electron transport channels to significantly enhance the suppression of electron-hole pair recombination in the photocatalytic process. Besides that, the M88@Cu2O-2 core-shell has great photo-electrochemical performance, reaching 17.68 μA/cm2 for the photocurrent test and 73 mA/cm2 for the LSV test when exposed to visible light. Our study will provide a new vision for developing more hierarchical core/shell MOF-based heterostructures with outstanding multifunctional performance for future industrial practice.

Surface modification of TiO2 photoanode in dye-sensitized solar cells using reduced graphene oxide: A computational and experimental study

This study investigated the modification of TiO2 photoanodes using reduced graphene oxide (rGO) to enhance electron transport channels and prevent recombination processes, thereby improving the photovoltaic performance. Through the ultraviolet (UV)-assisted photoreduction of GO on TiO2 coated on a fluoride tin oxide substrate (FTO|TiO2), we demonstrated the successful integration of rGO. This was evidenced by the increased Csp2 content observed during X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and reduced photogenerated electron–hole recombination observed during photoluminescence spectroscopy. The incorporation of rGO significantly improved the photocurrent density and power conversion efficiency (PCE). A 12 % increase was observed in the PCE, which reached 8.5 % when the UV irradiation time was optimized from 10 to 15 min compared with the 7.57 % in the standard cell (rGO-0 min). Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy confirmed that the optimized rGO content enhanced the electron lifetime and recombination resistance, attributable to the high conductivity and large specific surface area of rGO. DFT simulation further elucidated how improved charge separation and transport mechanisms of TiO2–rGO heterojunction. This study highlights the potential of TiO2–rGO materials as promising electrodes for improving the efficiency, capacity, and stability of dye-sensitized solar cells.

Hydrangea-like MnO2@sulfur-doped porous carbon spheres with high packing density for high-performance supercapacitor

The high packing density of electrode materials is crucial for the miniaturization and lightweighting of energy storage devices. Nevertheless, a structural contradiction among high packing densities, sufficient ion, and electron transport channels is a challenge. In this research, a unique hydrangea-like compose (MnO2@S-PCS-5) is synthetized by a convenient and environmentally friendly method. The composite comprises a spherical carbon material matrix and MnO2 nanosheets, resulting in a high packing density of 1.79 g cm−3. Furthermore, the hydrangea-like structure exhibits a high number of active sites, facilitating ion transport and exhibiting excellent specific capacitance (Cv: 328.7 F cm−3). The asymmetric supercapacitors (MnO2@S-PCS-5//YP-50) exhibit a maximum energy density of 38.4 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 500 W kg−1, with a wide voltage window of 2.0 V. The results demonstrate densification is important for miniaturization of energy storage devices.

Carbon defect induced electron transfer promotes electrocatalytic activation of molecular oxygen to selectively generate singlet oxygen for pollutants removal

This study explored the design of heterojunctions incorporating defective graphene and boron nitride (BN) to activate molecular oxygen (O₂) and degrade sulfamethoxazole (SMX) by establishing efficient electron transport channels. These heterojunction catalysts, designed using theoretical predictions, were synthesized by controlling carbon defect concentration and pyrolysis temperature. The optimized GBN cathode achieved a maximum SMX degradation rate of 0.0252 min⁻¹, with a total organic carbon (TOC) removal efficiency of 47.31 %. Singlet oxygen (¹O₂) was identified as the primary reactive oxygen species, exhibiting a generation rate of 18.66 μM min⁻¹ and contributing 93.5 % to SMX degradation. Results demonstrated that an optimal defect concentration enhances electron transfer, promoting the 2-electron reduction of O₂ to H₂O₂ and facilitating further H₂O₂ activation, thereby accelerating SMX degradation. This work advances the development of non-metallic cathodic catalysts and provides valuable insights into electrochemical degradation mechanisms for organic pollutants.

Modulation of Luttinger liquid behavior by multi-channel electron transport in aligned multi-walled carbon nanotube arrays

In the case of one-dimensional systems, Luttinger liquid states are typically anticipated, which have previously been identified primarily in nanoscopic devices fabricated from isolated bundles of single- or multi-walled carbon nanotubes. In this study, the electrical transport properties of aligned multi-walled carbon nanotube arrays were investigated. The resistance of both aligned arrays and those covered with metal Mo exhibits a strong dependence on temperature, demonstrating a power-law relationship of R∼T–α below 100 K. The Luttinger liquid behavior was modulated by tuning the electron-transport channels via alerting the number of walls that contribute to the conductance within the multi-walled carbon nanotubes. The exponent α, derived theoretically as a parameter that depends on the number of conducting channels, exhibits minimal variation across the arrays and declines rapidly with the tubular structure opening due to the solid-solid reaction between the magnetron-sputtered molybdenum and the carbon atoms.

Electron Transport and Ion Diffusion in Hydrogen-Bonded Interlayer Cross-Linked Graphene/MXene for Wearable Micro-Sensors.

2D graphene and MXene have attracted much attention in the field of energy storage devices and wearable sensors due to their excellent electrical conductivity and mechanical properties. However, the capacitance of their composites is limited by low electron transport and sluggish ion diffusion due to the lack of electron transport and ion diffusion channels between stacked interlayers. Herein, this work reports the possibility of using disodium terephthalate as an auxiliary conductive bridge to cross-link the interlayer interaction between graphene and MXene from theoretical analysis and experimental verification. The cross-linker with a dicarboxyl group and a conjugated structure forms hydrogen bonds with the hydroxyl groups on the surface of graphene and MXene to provide a pathway for interlayer electron transfer, while inhibiting interlayer stacking and ensuring an effective ion diffusion process. To verify the actual effect of this approach, micro-sensors are assembled by the integration of micro-supercapacitors. The assembled micro-sensors demonstrate real-time monitoring of body movements and temperature signals. This work provides a feasible strategy to promote electron transport and ion diffusion in layered composites to design next-generation multifunctional micro-devices.

Ginkgo biloba-derived biogenic carbon quantum dots modified NiCo-LDH: Significantly enhanced energy density and cycle stability

A significant development in the usage of hydroxides in energy storage applications is the creation of LDH materials with excellent electrical conductivity and structural stability. Due to their poor electrical conductivity, bimetallic layered double hydroxides have weak rate performance and limited cycling ability. To address these issues, carbon quantum dots derived from waste Ginkgo biloba and labeled as GBC were incorporated in the preparation of NiCo-LDH. With the many oxygen-containing functional groups on the surface, GBC increases the composite's wettability while maintaining the LDH lamellar structure. It can also create localized electron-rich regions, which give the material more space and channels for electron transport, improving electrical conductivity and rate performance. Furthermore, GBC is evenly dispersed throughout the LDH skeleton, giving the composites a homogenous surface state that can mitigate the structural collapse issue brought on by the volume change during cycling. The findings demonstrate that by modulating the amount of GBC, NiCo-LDH/GBC-20 performs better electrochemically than NiCo-LDH. The capacity was 276.1 mAh g−1 at 1 A g−1, an 84.1 % improvement over NiCo-LDH. Finally, the energy density displayed by the NiCo-LDH/GBC-20//AC HSC device is 72.5 Wh kg-1 (at 798.7 W kg−1), and maintains 78.2 % of its original capacity after 12,000 cycles.

Construction of a cathodic MOF/FeOOH heterojunction for boosted Fe(Ⅲ) reduction in electro-Fenton processes

This study developed a self-supported MOF/FeOOH heterojunction cathode without binders for boosted Fe(Ⅲ) reduction in heterogeneous electro-Fenton (EF) processes. The electron transport channels from FeOOH to in-situ grown NH2-MIL-88B(Fe) were established through the spontaneous formation of an internal electric field (IEF), which enhanced the electrical conductivity and disrupted the chemical inertness of the Fe(Ⅲ) reduction. The MOF/FeOOH cathode increased sulfamethazine (SMT) removal up to 95.76 %, 2.5 times better than using PTFE as binders. After ten-consecutive degradation experiments, the Fe(Ⅱ) content at cathode surface increased from 39.23 % to 56.73 %. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations and advanced characterization techniques demonstrated the efficient Fe(Ⅲ) reduction and H2O2 activation during the reaction. These results elucidate the promoting effect of modulating the “contact” between the catalyst and current collectors, as to provide a feasible and promising strategy for the development of efficient heterogeneous EF cathodes.

A novel molecularly imprinted electrochemical sensor based on quasi-three-dimensional nanomaterials Nb2CTx/AgNWs for specific detection of sulfadiazine.

A novel molecularly imprinted electrochemical sensor (MIECS) was constructed for the specific detection of sulfadiazine (SDZ) in food. Niobium carbide (Nb2CTx) as a typical two-dimensional lamellar nanomaterial has good electrical conductivity and unique structure, which was assembled with one-dimensional silver nanowires (AgNWs) to form quasi-three-dimensional composite nanomaterials (Nb2CTx/AgNWs). As spacer material, AgNWs prevented the aggregation of Nb2CTx and the collapse of Nb2CTx layers. At the same time, a fast electron transport channel was constructed through the synergistic effect between nanomaterialsthe two. The Nb2CTx/AgNWs realized the enhancement of electrical signals. Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) endowed the sensor with selectivity, achieving the specific detection of sulfadiazine. Under the optimal experimental conditions, the method has a wide linear range (1 × 10-8-1 × 10-4 mol L-1) and a low limit of detection (1.30 × 10-9 mol L-1). The sensor was used to detect sulfadiazine in pork, chicken, and feed samples, and the recovery was 82.61-94.87%. The results were in good agreement with the HPLC results, which proved the accuracy and practicability of the method.

Synergistic effects of carbon coating and Bi-bridge in S-scheme C@CuO/Bi/Bi2MoO6 nanocomposites for enhanced photoreduction of Cr(VI)

The S-scheme mechanism in photocatalysis offers a promising approach to significantly enhance photoreductive activity. Here, using Bi dots as electronic media, and by changing the amount of added C@CuO on the surface of flower-shaped Bi2MoO6, a diverse range of CBM-x heterojunctions, were synthesized using a multi-step approach that incorporated solvothermal preparation and calcination methods. CBM-10 exhibited excellent photocatalytic activity: 96.9 % of Cr(VI) removal in 30 min, which was 38.0-fold better than CuO, 4.2-fold higher than pristine Bi2MoO6. Furthermore, even after five cycles of use, CBM-10 showed outstanding stability. Experiments to capture the active species revealed that electrons play a crucial role in the photocatalytic reduction of Cr(VI). In these heterojunctions, carbon doping leads to the formation of coatings on the semiconductor materials to promote the migration and separation of photogenerated carriers. The presence of carbon coating is beneficial to improve the stability of CBM-10. Bi dots grown on Bi2MoO6 nanosheets can act as electron transport channels in C@CuO/Bi/Bi2MoO6, accelerate photoinduced carrier separation. The internal electric field, and the existence of “S-scheme” charge transfer mechanism was verified by the combination of atomic force microscope and synchronous illumination X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. This process significantly mitigates the recombination of photo-induced carriers, enhancing the overall photoreduction efficacy. This study presents a novel method for developing S-scheme heterojunction to enhance the effectiveness of Cr(VI) decontamination, paves a promising route to heavy metal removal by mild photo-reductive system, and provides new insights into the design of photocatalysts with enhanced redox capabilities.