Channel Angular Pressing Process Research Articles

An Experimental Investigation on Microstructural, Mechanical and Biocompatibility Properties of Ti6Al4V Alloy Subjected to Equal Channel Angular Pressing Process

An Experimental Investigation on Microstructural, Mechanical and Biocompatibility Properties of Ti6Al4V Alloy Subjected to Equal Channel Angular Pressing Process

Enhancing Wear Resistance of Al6061 Composites: Insights from Microstructural and Tribological Investigations with ECAP

This work presents a comprehensive investigation into the microstructural and tribological properties of Al6061 alloy composites reinforced with E-glass fibers and soda–lime particulates, both before and after Equal Channel Angular Pressing (ECAP) processing. The study explores the intricate relationships between reinforcement materials and the aluminum matrix, shedding light on their collective impact on material behavior. Elemental composition analysis via Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) reveals crucial elements shaping the properties of these composites, highlighting the dominance of aluminum in the matrix and the contributions of silicon, calcium, sodium, and oxygen from the reinforcement materials. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Optical Microscopy (OM) demonstrate refined grain structures, improved reinforcement dispersion, and enhanced interfacial bonding post-ECAP, indicating potential for superior mechanical properties. Furthermore, wear test analysis on these composites, encompassing varying reinforcement percentages and load conditions, unveils consistent trends in wear behavior. Higher reinforcement percentages, particularly with E-glass fibers, lead to reduced specific wear rates, showcasing enhanced wear resistance. Post-ECAP results consistently exhibit lower wear rates, highlighting the positive impact of ECAP on wear resistance. Statistical analysis using Taguchi and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) techniques underscores the critical role of reinforcement percentage in wear characteristics, with optimal configurations identified for both E-glass fiber and soda–lime particulate composites. These findings offer valuable insights for designing and optimizing materials, emphasizing the importance of reinforcement levels, load, and speed in enhancing wear resistance and optimizing material performance for specific applications.

Crystallographic Texture Evolution of Aluminum Samples with a Rectangular Cross-Section During Equal Channel Angular Pressing Processing

Crystallographic Texture Evolution of Aluminum Samples with a Rectangular Cross-Section During Equal Channel Angular Pressing Processing

Influence of Equal Channel Angular Pressing Processing on the Microstructure, Hardness and Corrosion Resistance of Al-Si Alloy

In this study, the impact of heat treatment and Equal Channel Angular Pressing (ECAP) processing routes on refining the microstructure, hardness, and corrosion resistance of Al-7.5% S alloy in a 3.5% NaCl solution was examined. The alloy underwent T5 and T6 heat treatments, followed by ECAP processing via routes A and Bc in a mold with a channel angle of 120° at room temperature. The results indicate that dendritic α-Al grains transformed to globular and fiber shapes after processing routes Bc and A, respectively. Both processing routes fragmented coarse and brittle Si particles into smaller sizes in the eutectic phase. The use of a combination of heat treatment and the Equal Channel Angular Pressing (ECAP) process significantly improved the hardness and corrosion resistance of the samples. The hardness of the heat-treated samples increased considerably from 68 to 116 and 129 HV after three and four passes, respectively. Reducing the area ratio between the noble silicon particles and the less noble eutectic aluminum phase greatly enhances the resistance of alloy to pitting corrosion.

Role of combinative In and Sm additions in tailoring the discharge performance of extruded AZ31 alloys as anodes for seawater batteries

Role of combinative In and Sm additions in tailoring the discharge performance of extruded AZ31 alloys as anodes for seawater batteries

Effect of ultrasonic assisted-ECAP processing on the microstructure, mechanical properties, and fluoride-induced corrosion performance of pure titanium

Effect of ultrasonic assisted-ECAP processing on the microstructure, mechanical properties, and fluoride-induced corrosion performance of pure titanium

A COMPARATIVE MODELING AND OPTIMIZATION OF SURFACE ROUGHNESS IN THE END MILLING OF Al 3003 SUBJECTED TO NON-EQUAL CHANNEL ANGULAR PRESSING (NECAP)

This paper highlights the surface roughness optimization of a specific material, Al 3003, which has been subjected to the non-equal channel angular pressing (NECAP) process. Considering spindle speed, feed rate, and depth of cut as input variables and surface roughness as an output variable, experiments have been conducted based on the L27 orthogonal array of the Taguchi method. Four prediction models, namely exponential and response surface methodology (RSM) as mathematical models, and artificial neural networks (ANNs) prediction models with different training algorithms (Bayesian Regularization (BR) and Levenberg–Marquardt (LM)), are proposed. Applying effectiveness and performance criteria, the prediction accuracy of the exponential model (90.35%), RSM (93.07%), BR (97.83%), and LM (97.54%) shows that all proposed prediction models are efficient enough. The ANN model trained with BR is found to be the best fit for predicting surface roughness. In order to optimize surface roughness, a newly introduced optimization method called the Intelligible-in-time Logics Algorithm (ILA) is employed. High spindle speed (1000[Formula: see text]rev/min), low feed rate (100[Formula: see text]mm/min) and depth of cut (0.5[Formula: see text]mm) have been the optimum cutting parameter combinations to obtain minimum surface roughness (0.4956[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m). The results have been verified by confirmation tests and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) method. ILA and PSO predict the same optimum parameter combinations and minimum surface roughness, while ILA performs optimization in less time (114.4[Formula: see text]s), about 3.5 times faster than PSO. The paper’s findings strongly advocate the application of ILA in machining data optimization.

Experimental study and finite element modelling of pure copper tube fabrication via the Parallel Tubular Channel Angular Pressing (PTCAP) Process

The Parallel Tubular Channel Angular Pressing Process (PTCAP) has emerged as a promising method for refining the grain structure and enhancing the mechanical properties of metallic materials through severe plastic deformation. This study focuses on a comprehensive investigation of the PTCAP process, combining experimental and numerical analysis to gain insights into its underlying mechanisms. Experimental investigations involve processing a commercially pure copper tube using PTCAP under controlled conditions. In parallel, an explicit numerical analysis is developed using ABAQUS software to simulate the deformation behavior during PTCAP. The model incorporates material constitutive equations and accounts to describe the material response under high strain rates and large deformations. The research aims to investigate how multi-pass PTCAP affects hardness, strain homogeneity, and stress distribution. A comparison between the load punch from the experimental and FEM is conducted to validate the FEM results, and there is a good correlation between both. Hardness measurements are conducted at various stages to quantify the changes in material hardness resulting from the successive PTCAP passes. The hardness of the Cu tube increased by 63.45, 94.51, 103.98, and 105.64% after 1 to 4 passes, respectively.

A comparative study of machine learning and response surface methodologies for optimizing wear parameters of ECAP-processed ZX30 alloy

Magnesium, valued for its lightweight, recyclability, and biocompatibility, faces challenges like its poor wear behavior and mechanical properties that limit its adaptation for a multitude of applications. In this study, various statistical analyses, and machine learning (ML) techniques were employed to optimize equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) process parameters for improving the wear behavior of Mg-3wt.% Zn-0.7wt% Ca alloy. ECAP was conducted up to four passes via route Bc at 250°C. Wear testing of both as-annealed (AA) and ECAP-processed alloys was performed using the dry ball-on-flat wear method under varying loads, speeds, and time. One pass (1P) and 4Bc-ECAP resulted in a notable uniform grain refinement of 86% and 91%, respectively, compared to the AA. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed a refined structure attributed to extensive dynamic recrystallization. Mechanical wear testing revealed a significant reduction in volume loss (VL), up to 56% and 28.5% after 1P and 4Bc samples, respectively, compared to the AA sample, supported by the observed texture intensity. The coefficient of friction (COF) stabilizes at 0.30-0.45, indicating low friction characteristics. Next, by adjusting wear load and speed through design of experiments (DOE), the wear output responses, VL and COF, were experimentally investigated. The output responses were predicted in the second step using ML, 3D response surface plots, and statistical analysis of variance (ANOVA). According to the regression model, the minimal VL was attained at a 5N applied load. Also, the wear speed and VL at different passes are inversely proportional. On the other hand, the optimal COF was obtained at applied load about 2-3N and 250mm/s at different passes. The wear process variables were then optimized using different optimization techniques namely, genetic algorithm (GA), hybrid DOE-GA, and multi-objective genetic algorithm (MOGA) approaches.

Simulating equal channel angular pressing of commercially pure aluminium using Johnson–Cook model

Simulating equal channel angular pressing of commercially pure aluminium using Johnson–Cook model

Enhancing mechanical properties in Mg microtubes using tubular channel angular pressing-extrusion (TCAPE): A promising severe plastic deformation method

Enhancing mechanical properties in Mg microtubes using tubular channel angular pressing-extrusion (TCAPE): A promising severe plastic deformation method

Overcoming the strength-ductility tradeoff of a 3D-printed Al-Si alloy by equal channel angular pressing

Overcoming the strength-ductility tradeoff of a 3D-printed Al-Si alloy by equal channel angular pressing

Atomistic modeling of idealized equal channel angular pressing process

Severe plastic deformation (SPD) processes are forming techniques that impose large plastic strains to achieve ultra-fine grained and nanocrystalline microstructures. The refined microstructure results in a significant increase in strength and in many cases without a considerable loss in ductility. Despite their long existence, a comprehensive understanding of the deformation and grain refinement mechanisms during SPD is still lacking. Atomistic simulations that are regularly used to obtain insights into material behavior have rarely been used to study SPD processes. In this work, we use large scale atomistic simulations of the molecular statics/dynamics kind to model the equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) process, a specific SPD process. Three different materials—Al, Ni and Cu—are used to model high, medium and low stacking fault energy materials. Large simulation cells are used to facilitate grain refinement at the nanoscale. The simulations are carefully analyzed in terms of stress–strain behavior, dislocation activity and grain refinement. All samples show the formation of deformation twins at the nanoscale, which generally detwin at increased strains via dislocation twin interactions. A significant number of stair-rod dislocations form via dislocation–dislocation interactions and are present at low angle grain boundaries in the early stages of deformation. Such stair-rod dislocations also result in the formation of stacking fault tetrahedra which are present in significant numbers in all samples. Finally, difficulties in studying grain refinement at very large strains in atomistic simulations are discussed.

Developing a Zn alloy with high strength and uniform elongation as a biomedical device

The equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) process was used to develop a Zn-1Mg alloy with a tensile strength of 440 MPa and uniform elongation of 11%. The uniform elongation of the ECAPed Zn-1Mg alloy is higher than that of other Zn alloys with strengths over 400 MPa. The microstructure of the ECAPed Zn-1Mg alloy evolved through dynamic recrystallization (DRX), resulting in a refined grain structure. Additionally, the lamellar eutectic structure was fragmented into sub-micrometer particles (∼0.9 μm). The high strength of the Zn-1Mg alloy is due to both grain boundary strengthening and second phase strengthening. The high uniform elongation is attributed to the presence of plate-shaped precipitates with a high density of 1014m−2. The in-vitro results indicate that ECAPed Zn-1Mg alloy has high cell viability (>100%). Meanwhile, the Zn-1Mg alloy processed by ECAP exhibited better ALP activity and alizarin red results than pure Zn. These results demonstrate that Zn-1Mg alloy is beneficial to the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts, and also promote blood vascular formation. The good osteogenic and angiogenic properties of the alloy are attributed to the release of Mg2+ and Zn2+ during the degradation process, which play a critical role in biochemical reactions in the human body. Therefore, the high uniform elongation and good biological properties make Zn-Mg based alloys a promising material for expanding applications in the orthopedic field.

Achieving ultra-fine grains and high corrosion resistance of Al–Zn–Mg–Cu alloy by ECAP and post cold rolling

Achieving ultra-fine grains and high corrosion resistance of Al–Zn–Mg–Cu alloy by ECAP and post cold rolling

Fabrication of ultrafine-grained Cu-Mn alloy with uniform microstructure and high mechanical properties

Fabrication of ultrafine-grained Cu-Mn alloy with uniform microstructure and high mechanical properties

A review on impact route process on AA5083 of back pressure through equal channel angular pressing

A review on impact route process on AA5083 of back pressure through equal channel angular pressing

Effect of ECAP on Microstructure, Mechanical Properties, Corrosion Behavior, and Biocompatibility of Mg-Ca Alloy Composite

This study investigates the effects of incorporating MgO into magnesium–calcium (Mg-Ca) alloy composites and subjecting them to the equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) process on the resulting mechanical and corrosive properties, as well as biocompatibility. Initially, the incorporation of MgO into the Mg-Ca alloy composites did not yield significant improvements in grain refinement, tensile strength, or corrosion rate reduction, despite exhibiting improved biocompatibility. However, upon subjecting the Mg-Ca-MgO alloy composites to the ECAP process, noteworthy outcomes were observed. The ECAP process resulted in substantial grain refinement, leading to significant improvements in tensile strength. Furthermore, a marked decrease in corrosion rate was observed, indicating enhanced corrosion resistance. Additionally, the biocompatibility of the Mg-Ca-MgO alloy composites improved after undergoing the ECAP process. These findings highlight the synergistic effect of incorporating MgO and employing the ECAP process, providing valuable insights into the development of advanced magnesium-based materials with superior mechanical properties, reduced corrosion rates, and improved biocompatibility.

In-Crystal Dislocation Behaviour and Hardness Changes in the Case of Severe Plastic Deformation of Aluminium Samples

The presence of dislocations significantly modifies the mechanical properties of crystalline solids. Severe plastic deformation (SPD) and the most used SPD process – the Equal Channel Angular Pressing (ECAP), affect the multiplication and localized accumulation of dislocations. This research is related to the observation of dislocation pile-up and significant reduction of the crystalline grain size caused by severe deformations in the ECAP process of the widely used aluminium material (Al 99.5%). Because of its lightweight, the application of Al 99.5 % can pose a challenge for the aviation and space industry, especially since its mechanical properties limit its application. Improving these mechanical properties can extend its applicability in cases of demanding constructions as well as influence the final product cost. As a confirmation of SPD in-fluence on mechanical properties, material hardness has been examined and described. Dislocation monitoring is enabled using the light and electron microscopy and AFM (Atomic Force Microscope) device. A numerical simulation of the Equal Channel Angular Pressing process using the ABAQUS software package determined the representative area of the most severe deformation.

Effect of Frictional Contact Surface on Maximum Pressing Load during Equal Channel Angular Pressing Process

Effect of Frictional Contact Surface on Maximum Pressing Load during Equal Channel Angular Pressing Process