Changing Value Systems Research Articles

Changing value system, shifting geography of opportunity: Trajectory of migrant workers in the garment industry in Beijing

Research on the geography of metropolitan opportunities has focused on a set of opportunities in different urban areas over time to justify policy interventions. The Beijing government implemented large-scale policy interventions to achieve structural industrial changes in order to stop the downward spiral of poverty and segregation in “urban villages.” Beijing has accelerated the redevelopment of urban villages and helped tens of thousands of low-wage migrant workers in garment villages move to surrounding secondary cities or small towns in Hebei Province with better opportunities. However, low-wage migrant workers did not respond linearly to the intervention. This study analyzes the reasons underlying the response of low-wage migrant workers to these policy interventions. First, the antipoverty policy is a geographic exercise, moving low-end industries from a global center to peripheral locations. This study considers why this mobility strategy for improving opportunity has become the arena for opportunistic behavior and conceptualizes the logic of opportunism and the self-worth of low-wage migrant workers in a metropolitan area. Second, the Beijing government is attempting to disperse the low-end informal industries into formal industrial bases in Hebei. Dispersal campaigns inevitably involve circuitous mobility and the outcome of dispersal is inherently unstable. One of the crucial questions in dispersal strategies is scale. Would an upscaled Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) City Region or a downscaled “neighborhood effect” better implement the antipoverty strategy? This dispersal strategy can break up the concentration of migrants, but their perceived opportunities remain in Beijing. One of the obstacles to the full implementation of the dispersal strategy is grassroots opposition. This study uses a three-year survey conducted prior to the COVID−19 lockdown to analyze how displaced migrant workers perceive these opportunities in their processual and networked decision-making. Garment villages are important “anchor places” where migrants can mobilize their social capital and facilitate upward mobility outside a dominant institution in Beijing. This study reveals how garment workers replicated informal habitats in more remote locations in Beijing as the old habitats disappeared.

Responsible decision-making in teenagers - a prerequisite for career success

The issue of decision making in one’s career is a complex topic of analysis, widely debated in the context of a dynamic labour market (characterized by the emergence of new occupations and the increasing scope of new technologies), of the changing value system on which career choices are made, of the increased need for benchmarks that inspire security, confidence and emotional comfort. Teenagers are trying to make sense of their future by exploring their own interests, possibilities, skills, aspirations, but also their limits, obstacles and threats. In this way, they learn to build a life project, which obviously includes a career plan. Exploring their own limits, but also their aspirations, their expectations, they try to make sense of their future, building a life project, a career plan. The current study aims to identify the main professional interests expressed by teenagers and their correlation with their school track/subjects. We are interested in finding out if there is a concern in the delimitation of interests and also if there is a unified and coherent design of their career plan.

Modernity and changing family values in Nigeria: implications for effective parenting

The family as a social institution has undergone changes occasioned by modernity; these changes have positive and negative implications. The family inculcates virtues, values, morals, ethics, and beliefs that define and shape the behaviours of members of society. Modernity is the vehicle that drives progress and development, yet it has brought changes that have altered family values and consequently hampered effective parenting in Nigeria. This paper focuses on the declining value system and its effect on parenting and society, as well as the overall outcome of the rising incidence of crime and insecurity in Nigeria. Primary and secondary data were sourced through indepth interviews, focused group discussions, journal articles, and books. Qualitative analysis was done and presented as narratives. Findings revealed that changing value systems impact family time and relationships. Industrialization and improvements in information and communication technology resulting from modernization have impacts on parenting. The effects have spilled over to the larger society and informed the moral decay and insecurity that have bedevilled Nigeria. The paper recommends the redefinition and reactivation of the value system through the family to restore eroding family values in Nigeria.

A Case Study on Development of International Trade Between India and Bhutan to Contain Unnecessary Advancement of China. An Emerging Issue in International Security and Global Politics

As the Society became more and more developed the world business environment also changed leading to the change in requirements for getting success, competitiveness and advancement of the economy. It has also been observed that because of the forces of globalization, increasing intensity of competition, rapid technological changes, demographic Changes, environmental challenges and changing value systems at work, building better, proper and strategic relationships with the stakeholders have become essential not just for competitiveness but also for survival of the business in the modern business world. In this paper we will study in details the advantages and disadvantages of India conducting International Trade with Bhutan and how it is important to contain the unnecessary advancement of china which is always detrimental to interests of both India and Bhutan. The present study has been exploratory, casual and empirical in nature and the data needed for research work has been collected by using both direct and indirect method of data collection.

Status of Women in Nepal: A Critical Analysis of Transformational Trajectories

Gender equations in any society are more or less anchored to cultural legacies. Nepali cosmologies constructed based on Hindu religious tradition, manifests the provision of Vedic societies in its present-day social structure, especially in gender. In the ancient times, women enjoyed equal rights and privileges as men, but with the rise of nation states, incidents of wars and conflicts multiplied for territorial expanse and security. This put male on the preference as martial and warring gender, and women started being confined to domestic responsibilities. This slowly crept into the social structure, and women have been suffering since then for lack of basic rights. The status is, however, changing because of recent political developments, that not only educated women vis-à-vis their rights, but also empowered them for various economic and social activities that contributed to their self-reliance. This article critically analyses changing value systems in the Nepalese society and the corresponding social and political transformation that has greatly altered the status of women. Much is yet to be done to bring the two genders in an equitable footing, but the gradual changes are a welcome sign towards gender equality and self-reliance.

Erken Cumhuriyet Döneminde Kimsesiz Çocuklar Olgusuna Dair Bir Vaka Takdimi ve Analizi

Bu çalışma Cumhurbaşkanlığı Devlet Arşivleri'nde bulunan ve 1936-1939 yıllarını kapsayan bir dizi belge üzerinden erken cumhuriyet döneminde kimsesiz çocuklar meselesinin görünümlerine dair bir vaka sunumu ve değerlendirmesi gerçekleştirmektedir. Bir toplumsal inşa kategorisi olarak çocukluğun olumsal ve akışkan olduğu ve her toplumda değişen değer sistemlerine ve dünya görüşlerine bağlı olarak zaman içinde yeniden icat edilme ve yeniden yapılandırma süreçlerine tabi olduğu bilinmektedir. Çocukluğun yeniden keşfi ve yeni rejimin gerekleri doğrultusunda işlevsel bir söylemsel araca dönüştürülmesi de ulus-devlet inşası süreçlerinde aşina olunan bir olgudur. Bu olgu Türkiye örneğinde erken cumhuriyet siyasa üreticilerinin ve rejime destek veren kültürel sermaye sahibi elitlerin verdiği isimle “çocuk davası” olarak bilinir ve çocuğun biyo-politik iktidar teknolojilerinin, yurttaş inşası pratiklerinin ve toplum için Batılı değerler ve normlara referansla kurulmak istenen yeni habitusun merkezine yerleştirildiği ve çocuğun anlamı ve değerine dair yeni bir kavrayışın yerleşebilmesi için söylemsel bir seferberliğin yürütüldüğü bir sürece işaret eder. Bu süreçte kimsesiz çocukların yerinin ne olduğuna dair çıkarımlar yapan bu çalışmada çocuğa dair resmi söylem ile somut vakalarda işleyen dinamikler arasındaki farkın nasıl açıklanabileceği sorgulanmaktadır. Böylece kimsesiz çocuklar meselesi geleneksel olarak içine yerleştirildiği sosyal hizmetler tarihi alanından çocuk tarihi alanına taşınarak çocuğun ve çocukluğun anlamı tartışmasına somut bir vaka üzerinden veri sağlamak amaçlanmaktadır.

Teaching bioethics at the Medical School, University of Ibadan, Nigeria: Prospects and challenges

Abstract Background Teaching bioethics (BE) is one way to contribute to reflecting if research on humans, health policies and interventions are legitimate. Nonetheless, BE and law have been a relatively new subjects in medical schools in Nigeria, with increasing interest only since the late 1990s following the Pfizer Trovan study. Literature in this emerging field mostly refers to experiences from high-income countries (HIC), literature on low-and middle-income countries (LMIC) is scarce. Objectives This presentation describes over 10 years’ experience of teaching BE in the residency program, to doctors and within a Masters in BE Program of the University of Ibadan, Nigeria. The paper discusses the content, skills, teaching approach and tools employed in these activities. Challenges of the teaching process are identified and future teaching strategies suggested. Results The crop of students are largely unemployed young graduates, health professionals, ethics committee members. They come from Southern Nigeria; there is a weak representation from the Northern states of Nigeria. Based on students and lecturer evaluation reports, we can report that it is important to teach BE in LMICs such as Nigeria. A country that has experienced many ethically challenging and even evil activities in medicine and medical research coupled with a radically changing value system. Teaching universal norms of BE in a country with a high level of illiteracy and cultural differences where religion plays a major role in defining what is right, wrong or appropriate remains a challenge. Conclusions For BE training to be impactful and result in systemic and structural changes in health policy and education in Nigeria, the government must invest in proper institutionalization of research and clinical ethics in curricula in Nigeria. Key messages Efforts need to be increased in Nigeria and other LMICs to teach BE. HIC institutions could offer guidance by becoming partners organizing ethics training.

Causes of Kidnapping in Nigeria and Proposed Solutions

Nigeria is a complex society with a rapid growing population of roughly 200 million people. The country has around 500 different languages and 250 distinct ethnic groups. Thus, uniting these complex groups into one unified political entity since the amalgamation of the country in 1914 proved difficult. Comparatively, Nigeria is one of the secured and peaceful nations in the West African sub-region; however, contemporarily, this endowed nation suddenly plunged into waves of kidnapping and other heinous crimes such as armed robbery and banditry. The phenomenon has escalated and led to numerous lives lost, which also crippled socio-economic activities. Generally, as enshrined in chapter 2, section 14(2b) of the 1999 Constitution of Nigeria, the security of lives and property is one of the primary responsibility of the state. This study aims to identify the causes of kidnapping in Nigeria and offer some strategic solution to the problem. The study adopted a Qualitative method and also adopt both Marxian and strain theories of crime. The study`s findings through descriptive and historical method shows that abject poverty, corruption and fraud, political influence, joblessness, terrorism, lack of capital punishment by the government, the changing value system and quick-money syndrome are the major causes of kidnapping in Nigeria. Finally, the study went further to profound remedies that will stop the ugly menace of kidnapping in Nigeria, such as job creation, New policy adaptation and implementation, public awareness and empowerment programs, Sim cards registrations, quitting ransom payment, re-modified community policing and stoppage of small and light arms proliferation in the country. Considerably, by adopting such measures, we hope that the menace will perish in Nigeria for a better and productive society.

Global value chains and international pharmaceutical policy.

This paper analyzes ICT diffusion in the biopharmaceutical industry. Since new paradigms emerge in the industry towards precision medicine and fasten the digitalization of health care, it is necessary to measure the changing value system, especially between life science and the IT industry. The global value chain (GVC) concept is used and data are extracted from the Trade in Value Added (TiVa) dataset (June 2015) from the GVC-OECD project on interconnectivity of economics and industry. A number of indicators were selected: Foreign value added share of gross exports, % of ICT imported in chemicals as a final product, either exported or in use in domestic demand. Trade data are analyzed for two industries: chemical industry, including pharmaceuticals, and the ICT industry for a group of countries: USA, Switzerland, France, Germany, UK and Japan. Only 0.5 to 1% of value added embodied in final chemicals and chemical products can be attributed to the ICT industry. An additional analysis shows higher prices of connectivity for services in the USA versus Japan and Germany, on a price index for a basket of broadband services (fixed and wireless, OECD 2013); this may also reflect the open model of US innovation with more transactions. Fast digitalization of life science requires new measures. TiVa dataset is useful for some IT equipment, but not sufficient for all forms of digital economy. The value chain concept is useful for pricing mobile computing in pharmaceuticals, but needs specific data on connectivity. Complementary datasets (e.g. EU KLEMS) can also track ICT investment in chemicals.

Ideology and moral: relationship of norm and ideal in the light of synergetic philosophy of history

The formation of notions about the mechanism of transition from the social order to the chaos and vice versa - from the chaos to a new order, represented by the synergetic philosophy of history, which is entirely based on the ideas of V.P. Branskiy, allows us to take a fresh look at the process of changing value systems in society. It is based on the process of changing ideals. The social ideal aims to overcome the contradictions of life. However, when its main function is implemented, some contradictions disappear, but others appear. The selection of viable ideals leads us only to a temporary softening of social contradictions: the implementation of new ideals deduces the society from the deadlock, but at the same time, it forms the conditions for new contradictions and new crisis in the new system of values. The study of the process of self-organization of ideals and values allowed the St. Petersburg school of social synergetics to discover the operation of law of correlation of the standards of behavioral stereotype to the standards of ethical ideal. The study of this law serves as a system-forming element in the study of the ideology of society, it allows us to understand why an adequate form of existence of such cultural universals as freedom, goodness, beauty, truth, besides the ideal, is also the norm - as value and the regulator of relations.

TYPES OF VIOLENT BEHAVIORS IN SCHOOLS AND PREVENTION MEASURES OF SCHOOL VIOLENCE

Unfortunately, the society in which we live today is still characterized as a transitional and partisan society in which the value system has long been lost. The crisis of values in society in a more radical form can also be seen in the violence, or intolerance and discrimination that is present among students. The rapid technological development and globalization in general, as well as the socio-political changes of the last decades, have been influencing the dynamics of social life and the changing value system. Studies confirm the presence of different types of violence in the school environment. The safety and sense of safety of children at school are the basis for their development and maximum educational attainment. On the other hand, violence against children is one of the most serious problems that endanger basic rights, their development, health and well-being that can endanger children's lives.In the school environment where the educational process is carried out, conflict situations are part of everyday life. Disrupted communication is a common cause that leads to a conflict situation in the classroom both in the student-student relationship and in the student-teacher relationship. The subject can be the content of educational or educational messages, as well as the emotional dimension of the relationship. The origin can be from the school itself and outside it. The numerous measures taken against school violence should be grouped according to the target groups they are targeting.It is a fact that students are constantly witnessing behaviors that contain elements of violence in the family, through the media, and in the school, and that they adopt these patterns as patterns of behavior.What worries and is a big problem are the undiscovered forms that students never show and which are more subtle than the physical or verbal form of violence. There are a significant number of cases that are not detected or recognized by students as a form of violence.For this reason, there is a need for systematic work to address this problem, which involves early identification and prevention of emergent forms of violent behavior among students, working with parents and teaching staff.The subject of this paper will be the analysis of the types of violence in the schools and the proposed measures for their prevention.

Cultural Values and Urban Planning in China: Evidence of Constraints and Agency in the Development of the Historic City of Yangzhou

Yangzhou, once a capital city of China, has been transformed into a post-Socialist city. This narrative of its urban development explains its evolution from “a city for the royal family to build its temporary palace” in Imperial China, through “a city as a tool to develop manufacturing industries” during the Socialist regime, to “an ecological garden and a city with an attractive living environment” in Transitional China. Changing value systems interact with economic and political constraints to explain the course of its urban history. The explanation rests on the premise that urban development ultimately depends on the investment potential of the local economy and local power constraints impinging upon adopted plans. This case study explores how political and economic constraints shape the ambitions of local policy makers and planners, thereby reflecting the evolution of those Chinese cultural values that as development imperatives have shaped urban planning practice in China.

Urbanisation forces on the landscapes and the changing value-systems of Osun Sacred Grove UNESCO Site, Osogbo, Nigeria

The metamorphic process of rapidly changing value-systems and landscapes of the traditional Yoruba city of Osogbo, Nigeria is mainly due to the trio of urbanisation, modernisation and globalisation forces. Through a qualitative analysis of the monarchical periods, the study documents the transformations that have occurred to the value-systems and respective urban landscapes of the city from its grove origin c.1800 to 2015. The aim is to examine the process of urban landscape development with a view to generating a landscape model. Through a monarchical chronology, it accounts for the roles of politics, sociocultural orders, architecture, land use, urban governance, housing and religion in shaping the present urban form. The periods were discovered to have emerged along with four semi-concentric landscape categories including the natural, traditional, modern and post-modern. The study asserts the roles of the monarchical system in landscape heritage conservation and concludes with a landscape prognosis model for the archetypal city, a hub for the Yoruba nation.

Enslaved African conjure and ritual deposits on the Hume Plantation, South Carolina

Twenty-one ritual deposits have been found in and around cabin sites along the slave street on the former Hume Plantation on Cat Island, South Carolina. Earliest deposits date back to the eighteenth century; however, evidence suggests ritual activity, known as conjure practices or hoodoo, continued after the Civil War among the emancipated Africans who chose to stay. The aim of this article is to present an alternative viewpoint that not all interpretations of enslaved African ritual activity or repurposed artifacts must be viewed through the lens of “resistance” but can be an expression of African agency to define new and multivariant spiritualties in light of changing identities, historical contexts, and value systems. These adaptations incorporated notions of social class and hierarchy as well as expanded spiritual symbolism from exposure to and interaction with Europeans and Native Americans. The result was a formation of religious syncretism.

Organizational Ownership Structure and Employee Perceptions

Organizations in the present day endure dynamic volatile environment in terms of socio-political-economic environment and a changing value system such as relationship with external organization, economic conditions of the market, Socio-political context, labour market, distribution networks, environmental sources of risk, uncertainty and opportunity, the instability of consumer tastes, trades unions and diversified workforce (Sheaff, Schofield, Mannion, Dowling, Marshall, & McNally, 2003). These factors play a key role in an organization's structure, process and The ownership is the fundamental structural characteristic that determines how organization fine-tune their other structural characteristics such as hierarchies, division of labour in response to their environmental circumstances.Organizational structure in IndiaOrganizational structure particularly in India can be classified in terms of ownership control- Government owned Public sector undertaking, Private owned firms and Entrepreneurial Ventures. Though the employees and labourer in both the firms are under the ambit of the same labour laws, in Indian context it has been observed that there have always been differences in the three structures in various ways such as mission, values, goals, climate, culture, and Human Resource practices in these firms.Especially HR practices such as recruitment and selection, training and development, career advancement, wages and allowances, promotion, working condition, level of workers participation, collective bargaining, standard of safety, performance appraisal, style of leadership, work load, communication facilities, recognition of merit, authority and responsibilities, grievances handling differ considerably. The primary reason that can attributed is the climate as a result of ownership control that differs among the firms (Murty, Khan, & Abhinov, 2011).The government-owned corporation which is termed as a Public Sector Undertaking (PSU), the ownership control vests with the Government. In private sector undertakings also, there are departments with various work structures. They operate on different functions and cannot override each other's functions. The third type of organizations that exist in terms of Organizational Structure is the Entrepreneurial firms. The firm is an entity primarily shaped by an entrepreneur's visions and goals. Entrepreneurs motivate their employees either extrinsically, by relying on instructions, incentives, and monitoring mechanisms, or intrinsically by achieving a commonly shared understanding of the company's goals and procedures among the firm's employees.Several research works on management have focussed on how techniques can improve core working practices, profits, and numerical outputs which are labelled as organizational outcomes. However, few researches have tried to deliberate on the role of what is termed as second order namely processes such as leadership styles, stress, commitment and group personality dispositions which contribute to the core working processes indirectly. The present study aims at understanding the psychological variables of Organizational Commitment, Leadership Perceptions, Stress, and Personality Dispositions differ in varied ownership and structural characteristics of an organization.Organizational commitment and structureOrganizational commitment, which, is defined as the relative strength of an employee's attachment or involvement with the organization (Porter, 1974), is a multidimensional construct that has the potential to predict outcomes such as performance, turnover, absenteeism, tenure, and goals (Morrow, 1993; Meyer & Allen, 1997). Accroding to Becker (I960), commitment involves the perceived 'gains and costs' associated with membership of an organization internalization of the goals and values of the organisation (Hall & Schneider, 1972), organizationaljustice (Konovsky & Cropanzano, 1991). …

The value of and values in the work of teachers in Estonia

This article considers how the status of teachers relates to a changing value system, and how the perceived worth of a profession depends on the values its practitioners carry. The article analyses the work of teachers as both productive and reproductive, needing both material and non-material recognition. It argues that in times of radical social change, social groups struggle to determine what value is. The rapid introduction of a neoliberal market economy in Estonia has created a situation where teachers’ labour becomes a site of contestation determining what values prevail in society. Based on 24 semi-structured life history interviews, this article combines theories of the value of labour, of professionalism and the anthropological theory of value to argue for the key role that teachers play during rapid change to a societal value regime.

The Student Unrest in the State of Manipur: An Empirical Analysis

The problem of students‘ unrest has become a peculiar feature of every society, with the scenario being witnessed at global levels. The nature of student unrest has taken different dimension in recent years. They are up in arms and open revolt, thus reflecting their anxiety in regard to a society which seems incapable of allotting them a befitting place. Students are an important part of the youth population and subject to various pressures of life and consequently adopt indiscipline means to meet their ends. Today, student unrest has come to be recognized as one of the most visible perennial problems of significance. The incidents of students‘ unrest which have assumed a greater enormity and implication, is precipitated by several factors: non-participation in decision-making, academic stress, changing value systems of students, parental influence, contemporary national issues, and welfare problems. An attempt is made in this research article to explore the factors which were responsible for student unrest and to examine the nature and pattern of student unrest in Manipur University campus, Imphal. Further, the article will also draw insights into various socio political, economic and academic conditions prevailing at a given point of time, and to suggest the ways and means to tackle the problems of students‘ unrest.

Stories from below: human remains at the Gothenburg Museum of Natural History and the Museum of World Culture

This article adopts a ‘cultural biography’ approach to the examination of an archaeological collection from Arica, Chile, involving two museums located in Gothenburg, Sweden. It provides a comprehensive overview of the history of the collection and how the meanings and contexts of a cranium belonging to this collection have changed over time. Different stages in the biography of the cranium are reconstructed here: we document and describe a shift within the western museum world, focusing on Sweden, from considering the scientific value of human remains to considering another dimension linked to livelihood and personhood; we claim that following the intimate trajectory of an object permits us to move through and document the changing value systems in the history of museums in Sweden and its links to the early development of archaeology in South America, together with the collecting practices of Swedish and German scholars such as Max Uhle and Erland Nordenskiöld.

Globalization and Policy Shift towards Citizen Centric Governance in India

Globalization is ushering in far-reaching changes in the political, economic, social and cultural spheres across the world. It originated in the West and was embraced by Indian and other ruling elites. It has far-reaching consequences for Indian society as much as for those elsewhere. It is giving rise to new societal expectations, changing value systems, altering the nature of state and governing systems. This is putting pressure on governance to respond to the major policy shifts.

Personal, marital and social support factors as the correlates of social isolation among the aged

Research findings indicate that social support is a human necessity. People who are socially isolated without meaningful relationship are at increased risk for physical deterioration, mental illness and even death. Some for instance, have found that older individuals who are very lonely are at an increased risk of nursing home placement. That is why it is important to investigate social isolation among aged. Victor et al. (1999) revealed that social integration and good social networks are important factors for'successful ageing'. Consequently, identification of the factors that promote integration and participation offer a relevant and important approach to improving quality of life for older people. It can provide social companionship, instrumental aid, as well as emotional comfort to the elderly; helping to release pressure, to reduce depressive feelings, and to buffer the harmful effects of stressful life events on health (Silverman et al., 2000). Surendra et al. (2003) reported the impact of changing socio-economic and psychological status of the aged, aging and society. Their study indicated that elderly face health and economic problems, which affect their mental health and well-being.Sandhu et al. (2004) investigated the well-being of elderly in changing times. They founded that the changing times had a positive impact on the physical well being with increase in loneliness, alienation, mental insecurity, sadness, depression and lack of moral support from children. Chan and Rauce (2005) found that the supportive relationships within social networks are essential for enhancing life quality and ensuring happy in later life.Lakshminarayanan and Prithvikashini (2005) attempted to assess the relationship between adjustment and loneliness among the elderly. Results indicate that elders who suffer from health and financial problems feel lonelier.Mao and Pamei (2005) investigated family relationship and social condition of the elderly and reported that earlier the elderly had both family and community support because of joint family ties. But with the loosening of the joint family ties and increased occupational differentiation and spatial mobility resulting from modem technology, it was felt that the elderly were being isolated both from family and community interactions.Miller and Stephen (1965) has pointed out that the loss of occupational identity and the associated feeling of inadequacy leads to low morale, decreased level of satisfaction, embarrassment, feeling of inferiority in social interaction and poor health. Neighbours and friends rarely provide the same feelings of security as old ones (Khalish, 1975).Prasad (1991) investigated the problems of aged in India and reported that they have arisen due to breakdown of traditional social network and changing value system. As individual get older they have less control over their social relationships, including the ability to maintain contact with friends. Moreover relocation of the elderly to institution results in a disruption of existing social networks (Chaddha et al., 1993). Bajpai (1998) investigated that the elderly people are encountering both physical and psychological distancing in families. They feel isolated and side tracked. These changes at the family level and unhealthy approaches sometimes hurt them and encourage them to relocate themselves in old age homes. Sometimes their family members forced them to shift to old age homes.Ramamurthi and Jamuna (1993) observed that self-acceptance of aging changes, self-perception of health and satisfaction, with marital and familiar relations are some of the factors that predict life satisfaction among the elderly and also explain the phenomenon of loneliness. Elison and George (1994) investigated that the religious participation is positively associated with both the quantity and the quality of social relationships. Turner and Mario (1994) found that social networking plays an essential role in health and wellbeing in later life. …