Changing Trends Of Disease Research Articles

English

BACKGROUND India is doubly burdened with communicable and non-communicable diseases (NCD). Knowledge regarding morbidity profile is important for timely intervention so as to improve the quality of life. For effective health strategies, it is important to know the disease burden of a community. As for the effective preventive strategies, it’s important to know the information regarding disease burden and changing trends of diseases in the locality. Hence this study was done to find the morbidity pattern of urban population in Bellary district, Karnataka. METHODS A cross sectional study was carried out in Millerpet, urban health training centre (UHTC), Bellary, Karnataka. The respective UHTC covers 69195 populations, which has eight wards. Simple random sampling technique was adopted to select the ward. The study was carried out in the selected ward and the study duration was for a period of 3 months. Based on the estimated sample size, 416 houses were selected using random number method. Statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) software version 26 was used for analysing data. Descriptive statistics were used to describe socio demographic and morbidity conditions. RESULTS The most common morbidity among 416 houses were found to be diabetes (22.8 %) followed by hypertension (20 %) and musculoskeletal problems (9 %). Majority of the houses were of nuclear type and the most common age group was 31 - 60 (91.8 %) years followed by 13 - 30 years (80.8 %). 167 (40.1 %) houses had at least one morbidity and 451 (41.4) subjects had at least one morbidity. Socio-demographic variables like age group, family size, monthly income, occupation of head of the family and type of the family were found to be statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS The study revealed that non communicable are the most common diseases present and there is a need to further evaluate the factors responsible so that preventive measures can be taken at the earliest so as to improve the quality of life. KEYWORDS Morbidity Pattern, Urban, Bellary

Prevalence of major neurological disorders in predominantly rural northwest India.

Background:Epidemiological studies based on hospital population, geographic isolates, smaller population, and focused groups provide valuable information on the pattern of diseases, but do not reflect on the true prevalence rates or the changing trends of disease over a period of time in different communities. The present study was undertaken to determine the prevalence and pattern of various neurological disorders in Himachal Pradesh.Methodology:Study was carried out in urban and rural population of district Kangra of Himachal Pradesh. A proportional representation was given to each area in the allocation of sample size as per probability proportional to size (PPS) method using a two-phase design: 1) A screening phase and 2) a clinical evaluation phase. All subjects were screened and a subset (screen positive and 10% of screen negative) was identified for the detailed clinical evaluation after screening. A standardized screening battery (NIMHANS protocol) was used for this purpose. An individual was confirmed as a case of neurological disorder only after clinical evaluation.Results:A total of 260 (out of 10,000 studied) individuals were found positive for neurological disorders yielding a crude prevalence of 2.6%. The crude prevalence for rural areas was found to be 2.28% (206/9000), whereas the crude prevalence in urban area was found to be 5.4% (54/1000). Migraine was the most common disorder.Conclusion:In view of the high crude prevalence of major neurological disorders, there is a need to develop capacity among healthcare professionals regarding them.

Spectrum of biopsy-proven kidney diseases at a tertiary care hospital in South India

Introduction The prevalence of kidney diseases, glomerular and tubulointerstitial, varies with the geographical area, socioeconomic conditions of the people, population demographics, race and ethnicity, access to health care, and also the threshold for doing a renal biopsy. Objective The primary objective was to study the prevalence of biopsy-proven kidney diseases presenting to a tertiary care hospital in Mysore, South India. Patients and methods We have retrospectively analyzed the renal biopsy data from 2005 to 2013. The clinical and laboratory data of patients were collected from biopsy request forms, and histopathology data were recorded. Biopsy specimens were examined by light and immunofluorescence microscopy. As a hospital policy, all biopsies were based on definite indications. A total of 1113 biopsies were considered. Transplant biopsies and those with inadequate specimen were excluded. Results A total of 914 patients had some kind of glomerulopathy. Minimal change disease (n=182/1113) was the commonest histological type among glomerular diseases, followed in order by postinfectious glomerulonephritis, focal segmental glomerular sclerosis, membranous glomerulopathy, and immunoglobulin A nephropathy. Among the secondary glomerular diseases, the commonest was diabetic nephropathy (n=72) followed by lupus nephritis (n= 58) and crescentic glomerulonephritis. Most common indication for renal biopsy was nephrotic syndrome (n=274/1113), chronic kidney disease (n=141), acute glomerulonephritis (n=107), acute kidney injury with unclear etiology or delayed recovery, and rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis. Conclusion Nephrotic syndrome was the commonest indication for renal biopsy, and minimal change nephrotic syndrome (MCNS) was the most common glomerular disease followed by focal segmental glomerular sclerosis. Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis, the incidence of which has decreased in the developed world, still accounts for a significant number in our population. There is a need for electronic data monitoring in India with nationwide integration for a proper analysis of the changing trends of diseases occurring over an extended time frame.