Changes In Society Research Articles

Emerging methodologies and technologies applied to university education

Education, in general, is part of a changing and liquid society (Bauman & Donskis, 2019) that has to evolve in tune with the changes occurring in the educational ecosystem. In this context, technologies appear that are gradually being incorporated into the educational environment and, consequently, new forms of teaching appear, i.e., the so-called emerging methodologies (Cabero-Almenara et al., 2022; Villamarin-Reinoso et al., 2022). The incorporation of these require a reflection based on experimentation, research and, therefore, on evidence that can support new educational models in teacher training to meet social challenges and the formation of citizens in the interpretation of reality and their realization as people. These methodologies cause the students to play an active role in the whole teaching-learning process and require teachers to undergo ongoing training in order to incorporate them and work in the classroom from a pedagogical, didactic and technological approach (augmented reality, flipped classroom, design thinking, gamification, m-learning...). Hence, talking about emerging methodologies goes beyond talking about technological renovation and integration, which are key aspects in these approaches, but also means thinking about the inclusion of participating voices in the educational processes from the interaction and democratization of the classroom (educational diversity and inclusion). In this sense, university education is not left behind, since "it must innovate in its teaching-learning processes and provide different means that help students to generate new ideas creatively, acquire skills adapted to the needs of the labor market and learn to respond appropriately to the demands of the environment". (Fernández-Piqueras, et al. 2020, p.185). Therefore, the incorporation of these methodologies can favor the teaching-learning process in all areas of knowledge, but first the following questions should be rethought: how are we currently teaching, for whom are we teaching, what are we teaching for, etc.? Ultimately, the aim of this special issue is to answer these questions and to reflect on the teaching of the future and the changes we need to make to make it truly effective and efficient, so that students learn and adapt to the demands of the future.

A literature review of the role played by social educators in the Spanish schooling system

In Spain social education professionals have been incorporated progressively into the educational system in certain Autonomous Communities. The necessity to integrate these professionals is the object of analysis in this work. For this purpose, a systematic literature review (SLR) of fifty-six articles published in open access from January 2000 to August 2020 has been conducted in the databases Scopus, Dialnet, Web of Science, Redalyc and Scielo. The extended criteria of the University of York were used as a validation tool. The findings reflect that the role of social education professionals is essential from the approach of an inclusive and comprehensive education in the educational system. It is clear that in a changing society the interaction of the school with its social environment is increasingly decisive in the development and training of students. Thus, the conclusions and discussion show that the social educator's role and tasks are fundamental and that it would be necessary to integrate them in all schools. As the law enacted in 2021 -Organic Law for the comprehensive protection of children and adolescents against violence- proposes, it is key to incorporate the figure of a welfare and protection coordinator in all schools.

The Possibility of a Uniform Legal Language at the Interplay of Legal Discourse, Semiotics and Blockchain Networks

AbstractThis paper explores the possibility of a standard legal language (e.g. English) for a principled evolution of law in line with technological development. In doing so, reference is made to blockchain networks and smart contracts to emphasise the discontinuity with the liberal legal tradition when it comes to decentralisation and binary code language. Methodologically, the argument is built on the underlying relation between law, semiotics and new forms of media adding to natural language; namely: code and symbols. In what follows, I will concentrate on the study of factors that explain why such approach can be fruitful for the future of law and innovation. I have three reasons for selecting this topic. The first is a more pragmatic reason, based on my current research of law as a linguistic phenomenon. Secondly, the topic does also touch the matter on binary code language, rivalrous to legal alphabetic language. Lastly, the study aims at emphasizing the pivotal role of the jurist as an interpreter in a changing society accommodating diverging realms of reality. The study is structured as follows. Firstly, a quick exam of the traits of blockchain networks would provide the contextual link to establish the arguments in support of the need of a standard legal language. Secondly, a comparison between liberal legal institutions and theory of semiotics is set to perceive their functioning and ascertain their limits in the light of todays unprecedented changes. Thirdly, a summary on blockchain networks’ legal features would constitute the thrust behind the idea of a uniform legal language. Methodologically, the argument does also establish some relations with classical laws of physics and philosophy of media. Its aim is to demonstrate how the suggested legal interpretation and semiotic-based approach can contribute to overcome existing stumbling blocks including, but not limited to, the lack of cooperation at the international level as well as the gap in State norms when it comes to innovation. In this sense, the proposed strategies do not intend to replace current advances in the legal thought. In contrast, it seeks to harmonise their results providing a methodical approach that can concur to inform a new technique to address new controversial issues. In practice, the proposed method regarding the adoption of a uniform legal language would lower transactive costs in terms of normative coordination in the matter of international cooperation and in the definition of applicable law among different legal systems. Alternatively, it might contribute to the convergence of legal systems and/or their underlying concepts. Differently put, article’s contribution can be envisaged in fostering juridical consistency with regards to different forms of languages’ coexistence.

Three decades of infant motor development: Cohort effects in motor skill onsets.

Infant motor development is affected by the sociocultural context in which it takes place. Because societal and cultural practices are dynamic, this exploratory study examined whether the ages at which infants typically learned to crawl, cruise, and walk changed over the past 3 decades. We compiled archival data from 1,306 infants born between January 31, 1992, and December 10, 2021. Parents originally reported milestone onsets in interviews and by using diaries. For each motor milestone, a linear regression model predicted the onset age using birth date. Segmented regression analyses inspected changes in slopes over time. Covariates included rural/urban housing, gestation age, season of birth, and birth weight. Infants' average crawling, cruising, and walking onset ages changed over time. After controlling for the covariates, infants' crawling onset age steadily increased until 2012, after which crawling onset age decreased. Infants' cruising onset age increased from 1991 to 2001, after which cruising onset age remained stable. After controlling for the covariates, infants' walking onset increased until 2015, after which walking onset age decreased. Thus, when infants were born explained a small but significant amount of variability in infant motor skill onset. While the current study showed that motor development changed over the years, motor development is just a model system for development more generally: Cohort effects may be pervasive across developmental domains. Using motor development as a model system for studying change suggests that generational effects due to a changing society may be pervasive across developmental domains. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

The Quality of The Translation by Instragam Account Abu Azzam (@abuazzamtv) of The Arabic Clips to Indonesian

The videos published on Instagram have a significant impact on changing society in this era. The current communication channels can influence society, especially Muslims, towards either good or evil, depending on what they see on these social media platforms. If the translation is accurate and understood by the viewers, where it suits the target language without distorting its meaning from the source language, using translation in video clips makes it easier for viewers to understand the intended message in Arabic videos. However, sometimes reading the translation does not enhance understanding but rather confuses the viewers, making it difficult for them to grasp the meaning. One contributing factor is that the translator faithfully presents the source text message, but viewers find it challenging to comprehend the translation. The objectives of this research are as follows: 1) To determine the method used by Abu Azam for translation. 2)To assess the quality of Abu Azam's Instagram account in translating Arabic lesson clips into Indonesian. The research methodology employed is qualitative, using content analysis. The findings indicate the following: 1) Out of 7 video clips, 4 utilize literal translation, 2 employ communicative translation, and 1 uses free translation. 2) In terms of translation accuracy among the 7 video clips, the researcher found that 6 video clips effectively convey the messages, while 1 video clip has some shortcomings in conveying the messages. Regarding acceptability, 4 video clips received a satisfactory rating, 2 received an unsatisfactory rating, and 1 video clip received an unacceptable rating. In terms of comprehension, all 7 video clips were highly understandable, with the viewers easily comprehending the translations.

THE PURSUIT OF EXCELLENCE: CANADIAN POLICING IN THE 21ST CENTURY

On November 14, 2023, Devon Clunis presented The Pursuit of Excellence: Canadian Policing in The 21st Century for this year’s West Coast Security Conference. The presentation was followed by a question-and-answer period with questions from the audience and CASIS Vancouver executives. The key points discussed were that Canadian policing must evolve to stay relevant in a changing society and focus on addressing socio-cultural narratives and embracing change agents; Canadian policing must adapt to serve a variety of cultures and ethnicities, emphasizing cultural sensitivity; and enhancing collaboration, community engagement, and training focused on social justice and human rights to improve policing effectiveness and community trust.
 
 Received: 01-14-2024
 Revised: 01-26-2024

MOTIVATION FOR EDUCATIONAL AND RESEARCH ACTIVITIES AS A FACTOR IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF ANDRAGOGICAL SUBJECTIVITY OF UNDERGRADUATES

In the modern changing world, the goal that all universities set for themselves is to focus on the development of individual psychological qualities, cognitive skills, reasoning and needs to achieve success in the profession, social values of professional activity and internal motivation for it. Now, the quality of education, training of graduates in a higher education institution should allow to eliminate the discrepancy between the requirements of production and employers, the current changing society. This is due to the fact that undergraduates should have the opportunity to develop their subject qualities beyond professional skills in accordance with the chosen specialty.The integration of our country into the world political and economic space is a natural process of rapid response to the radical changes taking place. For the reform of education, it is important to update the principles of communication in the multi-level system of training specialists. Changes in the system of higher education should begin primarily with the training of specialists. Under the word training is not only the deepening of academic knowledge, but also the ability to apply the acquired knowledge in life. The use it is primarily associated with intrinsic motivation that is, with motivation and subjectivity. That is, such a system, which has been modernized, will be aimed at creating conditions and opportunities for the holistic development of a person, professional and social adaptation of an individual in society. Keywords: Personality, subject, undergraduate, motivation, training, skill, education, skills

Managing grand challenges: Extending the scope of problem structuring methods and behavioural operational research

Addressing Grand Challenges (GC), such as navigating climate change or aging societies, is increasingly gaining prominence across the globe. Those researching and addressing such challenges argue that progress requires collaborative, integrated, and coordinated responses from a wide range of stakeholders including organisations, governments, communities, etc. To successfully navigate these challenges, approaches need to be able to engage with stakeholders in two ways. Firstly, in terms of eliciting a comprehensive understanding of the challenge as viewed through the many stakeholder lenses and thus managing the resultant complexity of that data and secondly through attending to the myriad socio-political considerations. Problem Structuring Methods (PSM) through their focus on managing messy, complex, wicked problems are well situated to assist in this endeavour, particularly when coupled with the growing body of work in the field of Behavioural OR (BOR). This paper illustrates how PSM with BOR can address Grand Challenges by mapping the characteristics together and proposing a framework depicting the potential contribution.

Resilience Training Programs with Police Forces: A Systematic Review

AbstractThrough the course of their career, it is expected that police officers are exposed to stressful and emotionally challenging environments, which, combined with well-known organizational and occupational stressors, makes this professional class vulnerable to several psychological and medical conditions. In recent years, there has been a growing interest in developing intervention programs that seek to minimize the impact of the changing nature of police work within a changing society and promote skills that enable police officers to deal more effectively with the current and future challenges. Therefore, the aim of this review is to systematize resilience training intervention programs and characterize their format, content, and efficacy. For that purpose, we searched four databases for resilience programs delivered to the police. We reached a final sample of 32 articles from a total of 550 published studies. The articles considered were divided into three main groups: mindfulness-based resilience interventions (n = 13), neurobiological-based resilience interventions (n = 13), and other resilience training interventions that did not fit in the previous categories (n = 6). There was much inter-intervention variability, mainly concerning their structure and approach. However, the intervention programs were relatively uniform in the topics covered, such as psychoeducation, police scenario simulation, and debriefing. Nonetheless, most studies found positive outcomes on the variables of interest, predominantly clinical and performance indicators (e.g., stress, anxiety, decision-making). Subsequent research endeavors could aim to determine the most reliable measure outcome measures for resilience variables and intervention efficacy, as alongside identifying pivotal occupational factors crucial to a robust and impactful resilience intervention.

Recent advances in hydrophobic nanocellulose aerogels for oil spill applications: A review

In a rapidly growing world, petroleum is used extensively in various industries, and the extraction, processing, and transportation of petroleum generates large amounts of petroleum-containing wastewater. Conventional oil/water separation methodologies are often ineffective and costly. Nanocellulose-based aerogels (NA) have emerged as a possible solution to this problem. However, hydrophobic modification is required for effective use in oil/water separation. This review on materials commonly used in these processes and outlines the requirements for adsorbent materials and methods for creating unique lipophilic surfaces. New trends in hydrophobization methods for NA are also discussed. Additionally, it includes the development of composite nanocellulose aerogels (CNAs) and cellulose based membrane specially developed for oil/water (o/w) separation considering different separation requirements. This analysis also examines how CNAs have evolved by introducing special properties that facilitate oil collection or make the adsorbent recyclable. We also discuss the difficulties in creating effective NAs for these important applications in a changing society, as well as the difficulties in creating oil recovery equipment for oil spill cleanup.

How Erich Fromm Can Help Address the Jordan Peterson Problem in Psychoanalysis

ABSTRACT The current political climate is marked by polarization, which presents new difficulties for psychoanalysis. Erich Fromm, as a Freudian theorist and clinician, is uniquely positioned to address these issues. Fromm is a politically radical thinker who can help psychoanalysis think about society and social injustice beyond the clinical context while avoiding the dangers of excessively orthodox left-wing thinking that risks taking the field away from its core mission. Fromm can help psychoanalysis avoid what we are calling the “Peterson problem,” which is partly the result of provocative and extreme ideas in institutions and psychoanalytic publications that create reputational problems for the field. The “Peterson problem” brings new attention to the political bias of left-liberal authoritarians inside the profession, who focus on changing society rather than healing individuals and neglect audiences outside the liberal university and highly educated classes and thus create space for polarizing figures like psychologist Jordan Peterson to fill the gap. Peterson’s fame and influence serves as a lightning rod for the wider critique of left leaning political and cultural currents in psychoanalysis. Fromm can act as a role model as well as provide the intellectual resources for responding to these challenges.

ЗМІНИ МІГРАЦІЙНОГО ЗАКОНОДАВСТВА ЗА ПРЕМ’ЄРСТВА ТОНІ БЛЕРА (2005–2006)

This article examines the aftermath of the terrorist attacks carried out by naturalized British citizens on July 7, 2005, in London. It explores the broader context of the attack, including its impact on public opinion and the political climate of the country. The article analyzes Tony Blair’s public statements following the event, identifies the key points of his response to the terrorist attack, and evaluates the political decisions made in accordance with this response. It also investigates the factors that influenced changes in migration legislation and their consequences for British society. In order to better understand the context of changes in migration legislation under the influence of the July 7, 2005, terrorist attacks in London, the author examined the previous changes implemented by the Labour government in this area. The author aimed to identify the key challenges faced by the British authorities in the context of migration policy after the terrorist attacks, as well as to determine possible strategies for responding to these challenges. Various aspects of changes in migration policy legislation and practice, such as border controls, naturalization procedures, refugee resettlement programs, and other aspects that affected the lives of migrants and the overall political atmosphere in the country, were analyzed. The article aims at a deeper understanding of the relationship between terrorist events, political reactions to them and changes in migration policy, which is key to understanding the events of that time and their consequences today. Since the beginning of the XXI century, there have been ongoing scientific discussions about the relationship between terrorism and migration processes. At the start of the new century, numerous countries faced the real threat of terrorism, each responding differently with its own set of consequences. The article analyzes Tony Blair’s reaction, contrasting it with that of his foreign counterparts. Blair managed to respond by gradually expanding the scope of issues and accents while maintaining his position as head of state. He prepared society for changes in migration and anti-terrorist legislation, which were already in progress before the tragic events of July 7, 2005. These laws were subsequently revised and gained even greater relevance, sparking lively discussions both in society and within the government.

Introduction: Law and Order in a Changing Society

Introduction: Law and Order in a Changing Society

Research on the evaluation of the effect of ideological and political education in colleges and universities based on information entropy

Abstract With the development of society, ideology and culture in constant change, ideological and political education in colleges and universities has been increasingly emphasized. This paper constructs an assessment model for the effect of ideological and political education in colleges and universities. Based on the specific objectives of ideological and political education in colleges and universities, this paper first establishes a comprehensive evaluation index system of educational effect. Subsequently, the information entropy model is used to standardize the data of the selected indicators, and the final scores of each indicator are calculated by the support vector regression (SVR) method, thus completing the construction of the education effect assessment model. The reasonableness test of the proposed model for evaluating the effectiveness of Civic and Political Education in colleges and universities shows that the fluctuation range of the model’s weights is between 0.02 and 0.1. The fluctuation is minimized and the evaluation grade is credible. In the specific case study of Civic and Political Education, the entropy weights of teaching methods, performance improvement and teaching resources are 0.02445, 0.02438 and 0.02415, respectively, which shows that the information entropy-based Civic and Political Education Effectiveness Evaluation Model of Colleges and Universities in this paper is not only practical but also has rationality. Therefore, the model provides an effective method and path for the development and effect assessment of education in colleges and universities, and helps to promote the further enhancement of Civic and Political Education in colleges and universities.

Characterization of Flood Risk in Japan in Times of Climate Change and Aging Society

Flood is a natural phenomenon but flooding causes damage to human society. In recent decades, flood risk has been intensified due to rapid urbanization and climate change. Furthermore, it becomes more complicated in regions where social vulnerability evolves with mechanisms such as population aging. This paper provides an analysis of flood risk in Japan in relation to climate change and aging. It highlights changes in hazard and exposure, which resulted in higher vulnerability. Especially, it detected a turning point in the frequency of heavy rainfalls in Japan. It also assessed the latest strategies the Japanese government took to counteract the impacts of climate change. These analyses shed new light on Japan's challenges to achieve better flood risk management. Although a large amount of research on flood risk is available in the literature, the present study provides new thoughts and directions for further studies.

Psychological and behavioral stability in a rapid changing society: An illustration of modesty effect

Psychological and behavioral stability in a rapid changing society: An illustration of modesty effect

A review of the direct targets of the cannabinoids cannabidiol, Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol, N-arachidonoylethanolamine and 2-arachidonoylglycerol.

Marijuana has been used by humans for thousands of years for both medicinal and recreational purposes. This included the treatment of pain, inflammation, seizures, and nausea. In the 1960s, the structure of the principal psychoactive ingredient Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol was determined, and over the next few decades, two cannabinoid receptors were characterized along with the human endocannabinoid system and what it affects. This includes metabolism, the cardiovascular and reproductive systems, and it is involved in such conditions as inflammation, cancer, glaucoma, and liver and musculoskeletal disorders. In the central nervous system, the endocannabinoid system has been linked to appetite, learning, memory, and conditions such as depression, anxiety, schizophrenia, stroke, multiple sclerosis, neurodegeneration, addiction, and epilepsy. It was the profound effectiveness of cannabidiol, a non-psychoactive ingredient of marijuana, to relieve the symptoms of Dravet syndrome, a severe form of childhood epilepsy, that recently helped spur marijuana research. This has helped substantially to change society's attitude towards this potential source of useful drugs. However, research has also revealed that the actions of endocannabinoids, such as anandamide and 2-arachidonoylglycerol, and the phytocannabinoids, tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol, were not just due to interactions with the two cannabinoid receptors but by acting directly on many other targets including various G-protein receptors and cation channels, such as the transient receptor potential channels for example. This mini-review attempts to survey the effects of these 4 important cannabinoids on these currently identified targets.

Can a Single Line of Code Change Society? The Systemic Risks of Optimizing Engagement in Recommender Systems on Global Information Flow, Opinion Dynamics and Social Structures

Can a Single Line of Code Change Society? The Systemic Risks of Optimizing Engagement in Recommender Systems on Global Information Flow, Opinion Dynamics and Social Structures

Yesterday and today of the religious fact from the registration of the church to the new context of the metaverse: special constitutional approach from Spain

In a multicultural society of change like the one that happens to us, the religious fact continues to have a transcendental role, an issue that also implies legal considerations that must be studied and considered. From this premise we will address, especially in constitutional terms, two phenomena that will undoubtedly be a space for future decisions that offer fair legal consequences and measures. In the first place, the resolution of the socio-political controversy that has arisen in recent years on the registration of the goods of the Catholic Church in Spain, giving a peripheral vision, offering a study of comparative law in this regard; and secondly, we will offer the legal arguments to scaffold an approach about how an ex novo cybernetic environment should be legally treated by the current system for the religious fact in a virtual reality of massive social interaction such as the metaverse.

When Was the War in Spain? Liberal State, Illiberal Justice in the Twentieth Century

The article analyzes increasingly militarized state power and public order in twentieth-century Spain, discussing these in the context of other European states’ disciplinary regimes, with their ubiquitous social-Darwinist dimension in an era of accelerating urbanization, industrial change and emergent mass societies. The article offers a dissection of the often problematically opaque term ‘liberal’, arguing that wherever Spain or other twentieth-century European states were positioned on the dictatorial-through-parliamentary-constitutional spectrum, they all came to be ‘gardening states’ (Bauman). Each state's goal was to sculpt its population as part of a nationalist project – nationalism being the norm, whether named as such or not. Francoism is analysed in this framework, as a hybrid war-born political order blending old-style, top-down military control with new forms of populist mass mobilization from below, the latter enabled and accelerated by the war of 1936–1939. The article defines the Franco dictatorship as fascist in the 1940s and totalitarian for far longer, until macro-economic changes – which its cupola believed for a long time need not affect the deep form of Spanish society – hollowed out Francoism's own ideological categories (and its ‘disciplinary’ efficacy), but not its obsession with social control, which it called ‘social peace’.