Changing Market Conditions Research Articles

Level of Awareness and Challenges in Republic Act 9184 Procurement Procedures: A Basis for Training and Internal Policy Development


 ABSTRACT
 
 End-users, who act as the origin of all procurement requests, are responsible for providing technical specifications, scope of work, and terms of reference, conducting a market survey, recommending the Approved Budget for the Contract (ABC), providing technical advice, assisting in the preparation of bidding documents, and attending all stages of the procurement. This study aims to evaluate two essential aspects related to the execution of procurement activities: the level of knowledge and understanding among end-users and the difficulties they encounter while conducting procurement activities. 
 This research used a mixed-methods approach, involving surveys and interviews, to collect data about the awareness levels and difficulties encountered by the participants regarding RA 9184 procurement procedures. In research, "mixed method" refers to a methodology that combines qualitative and quantitative techniques in a single study to gain a more comprehensive understanding of a research issue by harnessing the advantages of both data types.
 The survey assessed respondents' knowledge of various procurement processes, revealing that they generally have good awareness. Procurement planning was well understood, while document preparation and electronic procurement had slightly lower but still decent awareness levels. Statistical analysis, including Pearson correlation and p-values, showed that awareness was significantly related to years of service in certain procurement aspects but not in post-qualification and awards. Respondents reported occasional difficulties, with the majority having no major issues. However, challenges in areas like canvassing, market study, and document preparation were identified, indicating the need for adjustments or assistance. Other difficulties included a lack of training, technical specification preparation, supplier availability, and failed bidding.
 In conclusion, policymakers should implement clear procurement request guidelines following RA 9184. These guidelines should specify procedures and required documents, reducing delays and inefficiencies and saving time and resources. Additionally, issuing agency memoranda designating specific End-Users fosters coordination. It serves as a direct point of contact with the BAC Secretariat, ensuring informed Project Management Officers (PMOs) have access to guidance and support. The establishment of a dedicated committee for updating End-Users on specifications and providing annual GPPB-recognized training, which ensures alignment with changing requirements, market conditions, and legal compliance, enhancing procurement efficiency and expertise, should also be imposed.

Роль цінової політики підприємства в сучасних умовах

This article is dedicated to exploring the role of modern pricing policy in today's realities. It examines the main research and publications of domestic scholars-scientists, characterizes different interpretations of pricing policy, its methods, strategies, principles, and approaches, and defines the main features of a company's pricing policy in modern conditions. Attention is drawn to the significance of pricing strategy for companies in the context of globalization and increased competition in the markets. During the analysis of pricing, it considers contemporary pricing positions, taking into account not only internal management factors but also external influences, such as changes in demand, market conditions, and competitors' strategies. The article identifies the main functions of pricing policy, including profit regulation, market positioning, ensuring competitiveness, and stimulating consumers.

Small and medium-sized enterprise – the driving force of the implementation of Industry 4.0 in Ukraine

Problem setting. Today, Industry 4.0 is a strategic direction of state economic policy in many countries of the world. In particular, the European Commission’s initiative «Digitization of European Industry». is currently being implemented in the EU. Ukraine is also actively moving towards Industry 4.0. What economic entities are the driving force of the country’s development in this direction? Given that small and medium-sized enterprises have serious advantages compared to large businesses Purpose of research. Based on the analysis of scientific literature and legislation on informatization and digitalization, state support of small and medium-sized business entities in the world and Ukraine, to justify the leading role of small and medium-sized business entities in the implementation of Industry 4.0 in Ukraine. Analysis of recent researchers and publications. Peculiarities of the legal regime of small and medium-sized enterprises, state support (aid) to these business entities were studied by many domestic and foreign scientists. Only recently, the monographs of the authors of the Research Institute of Legal Support of Innovative Development of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Korytina D.S. were devoted to this issue. Legal regulation of economic activity of small and medium-sized enterprises, dissertation Feofanova I. M. Admissibility of state aid: economic and legal aspect. The concept, problems of implementation, individual legal aspects of the implementation of «Industry 4.0» are devoted to the monograph of the authors of the Research Institute of Legal Support of Innovative Development of the Ukrainian National Academy of Sciences was not investigated. Аrticle’s main body. One of the main resources for restoring the country’s economy after the full-scale aggression of the Russian Federation is people, their intellectual potential. As a result of the war, serious demographic changes took place in Ukraine and, as a result, enterprises faced the problem of a lack of labor resources, in particular, qualified managers. This affects the efficiency of enterprises. The article substantiates the conclusion that an important factor in ensuring the effectiveness of the management of the current activities of enterprises in the conditions of a lack of qualified personnel is the introduction of Industry 4.0 in Ukraine, i.e. comprehensive digitalization and automation of production processes and management in the real sector of the economy. The leading role in accelerating the country’s movement in this direction is played by small and medium-sized enterprises. After all, they have serious advantages compared to large businesses, in particular, high mobility, flexibility of the production structure, simple organizational and management relationships, maintenance of free competition, adaptability to changing market conditions, susceptibility to the implementation of innovative technologies, etc. The conclusion is substantiated that in order to increase the efficiency of small and medium-sized business entities, priority support for their innovative activities should be included in the main directions of the state’s economic policy. Also, a transparent mechanism for the distribution of international financial aid and wide and open access of small and mediumsized business entities to existing recovery programs, grant and donor programs should be ensured Conclusions and prospects for the development For the effective operation of small and medium-sized enterprises, which are the driving force behind the implementation of Industry 4.0 in Ukraine, priority support for their innovative activities should be included in the main directions of the state’s economic policy. It is also necessary to ensure a transparent mechanism for the distribution of international financial aid and wide and open access of small and mediumsized business entities to existing recovery programs, grant and donor programs.

Examining the Effect of Lean Innovation on Production

Lean production philosophy enables businesses to produce more effectively by eliminating waste in their processes. Innovation is defined as the realization of new or significantly improved products or services. Nowadays, businesses want to realize their innovative products or services effectively at low costs. In this context, the concept of lean innovation, which is the combination of both lean and innovation concepts, emerges. Lean innovation not only provides businesses with a competitive advantage in existing markets, but also has the potential to enter new markets and create growth opportunities. Businesses that adopt lean innovation can achieve a competitive position by quickly adapting to changing market conditions. Thanks to a culture of continuous improvement, businesses become more flexible and adaptable and can respond quickly to customer demands. This study aims to examine lean innovation, which is a new concept in the literature. In this context, the concepts of lean philosophy, innovation and lean innovation were introduced. Information about the features, importance and processes of lean innovation is given and how it can be implemented is explained. The study shows that lean innovation is an important strategy for businesses and will be more widely adopted in the future as it will enable rapid adaptation to changing market conditions and sustainable growth.

Deep LSTM and LSTM-Attention Q-learning based reinforcement learning in oil and gas sector prediction

Accurate prediction of stock market trends and movements holds great significance in the financial industry as it enables investors, traders, and decision-makers to make informed choices and optimize their investment strategies. In the context of the oil and gas sector, where stock prices are influenced by complex market dynamics and various external factors, reliable predictions are essential for effective decision-making and risk management. This study proposes Deep Long Short-Term Memory Q-Learning (DLQL) and Deep Long Short-Term Memory Attention Q-Learning (DLAQL) models and state-of-the-art Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) for predicting stock prices in the oil and gas sector. The study utilizes historical stock price data of Cenovus Energy Inc. (CVE), MPLX LP (MPLX), Cheniere Energy Inc. (LNG), and Suncor Energy Inc. (SU) to create and validate these models. The research employs the Markov Decision Process (MDP) framework, a widely-used reinforcement learning technique, to train the deep LSTM Q-Learning and deep LSTM Attention Q-Learning models. This framework allows the models to learn optimal policies based on historical data, enabling them to make accurate predictions and adapt to changing market conditions. The findings of this study reveal that the proposed DLQL and DLAQL perform excellently well in terms of prediction accuracy in the oil and gas sector. The inclusion of attention mechanisms in the DLAQL model further enhances its performance by allowing it to focus on important features and capture relevant information. The results of this research underscore the potential of deep LSTM Q-Learning and deep LSTM Attention Q-Learning models in stock market prediction within the oil and gas sector. The application of these models can lead to improved decision-making, enhanced risk management, and increased profitability for market participants. Further exploration and refinement of these models, along with the incorporation of additional variables and market indicators, can contribute to the development of more sophisticated prediction models in the future. Overall, this study contributes to the advancement of stock market prediction techniques, specifically in the oil and gas sector, by introducing and evaluating the efficacy of deep LSTM Q-Learning and deep LSTM Attention Q-Learning models. The findings highlight the importance of accurate stock market predictions and demonstrate the potential benefits of leveraging these models within the MDP framework to support decision-making and risk management in the dynamic and competitive oil and gas industry.

COVID-19 Pandemic as a Mediator of Online Commerce Development

The relevance of this study is determined by its specificity — the recent coronavirus pandemic that has affected all areas of activity, including the e-commerce market. Subjects from the top-40 countries in terms of COVID-19 infection rates were selected for analysis, including both developed countries and countries with transitional economies. The research aims to mathematically detail the influence of the coronavirus and its consequences on the ecommerce market. The study identified key factors that determined the size of the online market and described key development trends. The research considered two conceptual models, the first of which relates to the pre-pandemic period in 2019, while the second model reflects the situation after the pandemic and examines the year 2021. Factors of primary importance, such as ICT level, HDI index, average population age, number of internet users in the country, GDP, inflation, support for small business in the country, globalization index, press freedom index, and the presence of international agenda in the country’s news, were selected as first-order factors. According to the forecast, the growth rates of the online trading market will consistently remain at a high level and will not return to pre-pandemic levels. By understanding the impact of the coronavirus on the e-commerce market, market participants can adjust their development strategy for more effective response to changing market conditions.

Increasing Financial Knowledge in Supporting MSMEs in Kiangroke Village in Supporting the Digital Market

Globalization era has changing market conditions which have shifted from conventional models involving face-to-face contact to digital markets that can be accessed in the palm of your hand, Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Kiangroke Village face challenges in terms of financial recording. To become a professional businessman, one of the requirements is to have an effective recording system. Therefore, simple and easy to understand financial training is needed specifically for MSMEs in Kiangroke Village. Purphose of this activity is to encourage MSMEs in Kiangroke Village to be able to manage their business administration well, especially in terms of financial reporting. Apart from that, this activity also aims to provide an understanding of the importance of financial records in making business decisions and increase the competitiveness of MSME players in Kiangroke Village. The methods used in this activity are persuasive methods and discussions with partners, which are divided into preparation stages, implementation stages and evaluation stages. This activity ran smoothly and received the attention of micro, small and medium business actors in Kiangroke Village as partners. The modules provided to assist understanding and use have also been used by partners, although they still require gradual assistance so that financial recording and reporting for micro, small and medium enterprises in Kiangroke Village can run well

Behavioral Biases in Investment Decision-Making

This study delves into the profound impact of behavioral biases on investment decisions and provides valuable insights into methods for counteracting or surmounting these biases. Specifically, it focuses on four prevalent behavioral biases: loss aversion, endowment bias, framing bias, and overconfidence bias, examining how these biases can lead to potential investment mistakes or risks. To mitigate the influence of behavioral biases, the study proposes several strategies. Firstly, it emphasizes the importance of sourcing information from multiple perspectives and cross-referencing data to avoid reliance on biased or limited sources. Objective evaluation of one's skills and knowledge is also highlighted as a crucial step in reducing biases. Leveraging professional advice or feedback can provide an external perspective and help investors make more rational decisions. Furthermore, the study suggests that regular portfolio review and adjustments are essential to address biases and adapt to changing market conditions. Additionally, proactive visualization of potential outcomes can aid in mitigating biases by promoting a more realistic assessment of risk and reward. The study concludes that behavioral biases play a pivotal role in investment decisions. To bolster investment performance and satisfaction, investors are encouraged to comprehend and rectify these biases.

CHALLENGES AND OPTIMISATION ISSUES IN LOGISTICS AND TRUCK LOADING IN THE CONNECTED STATES

The article is dedicated to an exploration of the logistics and truck loading challenges in the USA. The research aims to identify and analyse the key challenges in the logistics and truckload sector and develop solutions to optimise them. Key findings include that the industry is actively working to mitigate challenges such as rising fuel prices by investing in energy-efficient technologies and addressing the driver shortage through comprehensive training programmes and incentive structures. The study of the logistics sector, with a particular focus on truck loading in the United States, revealed a number of challenges, both operational and economic. The research found that the industry is actively engaged in addressing these issues. Steps are being taken to mitigate the impact of rising fuel prices by investing in fuel-efficient technologies. The ever-present issue of driver shortages is being addressed through extensive training programmes and attractive incentive structures. The study also highlighted the industry's adaptive strategies to overcome regulatory hurdles. Enhanced compliance monitoring systems are being implemented to address these challenges and optimise operational efficiency. Furthermore, the industry's commitment goes beyond economic considerations. In recognition of pressing issues such as infrastructure decay and environmental concerns, proactive measures such as advocacy for infrastructure development and the adoption of sustainable practices are underway. Practical implications of the research: The research highlights the importance of adapting to changing market conditions and provides actionable recommendations for companies in the sector. The findings can be used as a basis for developing more effective management strategies in logistics.

Logistics service strategy for e‐commerce supply chain: Interactive impacts of cost reduction effort and fairness concern

AbstractIn recent years, the logistics industry has undergone tremendous development because of the growth of e‐commerce, providing supply chain members with various options for logistics service strategies. Furthermore, cost reduction effort (CRE) and fairness concern have become even more significant on the logistics operation for e‐commerce supply chain because of changing market conditions and consumer demands. Considering CRE and fairness concern, we propose a Stackelberg game model where the manufacturer acts as a leader to analyze how a manufacturer or a retailer strategically decides between two logistics service strategies, i.e., the manufacturer‐provided logistics service and the retailer‐provided logistics service. When the retailer provides logistics service in the absence of fairness concern, a “win‐win” outcome can be achieved. However, profit does not always increase in proportion to the logistics service cost factor when fairness concern is considered. Additionally, there is a situation where the optimal logistics service strategy for the manufacturer and the retailer is contrary to each other in different ranges of fairness concern intensity when the logistics service provider both has CRE and fairness concern. As a consequence, it becomes important for both the manufacturer and the retailer to balance their fairness concern and consider the effectiveness of CRE when making decisions about adopting logistics service strategy.

Mediating Role of Dynamic Capabilities on the Relationship Between Organizational Ambidexterity and Firm Performance of Supermarkets in Kenya

Several businesses have established successful strategies in order to move their operations toward the desired future position. However, problems with performance have made it difficult to achieve the suggested future position. The possibility to grow and expand has been found in some supermarkets that embrace organizational ambidexterity. Existing research suggests that supermarkets poor performance can be attributed to informal retail competition, a lack of resource exploitation and exploration, ongoing employee training and development, and consumer preference for convenience because most informal retail locations are more easily accessible. Dynamic capabilities are a firm's ability to adapt and respond to changing environments effectively. They involve processes, routines, and skills that enable an organization to identify, assess, and seize opportunities or respond to threats. Examples of dynamic capabilities in the supermarket industry might include the ability to quickly adjust product offerings in response to changing customer preferences or rapidly reconfigure supply chain operations in response to disruptions. Dynamic capabilities can mediate the relationship between organizational ambidexterity and supermarket performance by enhancing exploration and exploitation. Organizational ambidexterity involves both exploration and exploitation activities. Dynamic capabilities play a crucial role in facilitating these activities. Supermarkets operate in a dynamic and competitive environment. Dynamic capabilities help them adapt to changing market conditions. For example, if a supermarket identifies a shift in customer preferences towards organic products, dynamic capabilities can help in quickly sourcing and stocking these products, thereby improving performance.

Nurturing Sustainability and Health: Exploring the Role of Short Supply Chains in the Evolution of Food Systems-The Case of Poland.

Over the last few decades, short food supply chains and local food markets, where farmers either sell their products directly to consumers or use a limited number of intermediaries, have developed worldwide in rural and urban areas. They complement conventional, often globalized, long food chains where small farmers have little bargaining power, and consumers cannot link the food they buy to a known agricultural producer or geographical area where the food is produced. The advantage of direct sales is that producers can obtain a higher price while consumers have easier access to fresh and seasonal food products. The main aim of the paper is to identify and characterize the spatial concentration of local food systems in Poland and their importance in sustainable development and food policy for healthy eating. As part of this study, an analysis of the statistical data of the Central Statistical Office for 2021 was carried out. Data obtained from the Chief Veterinary Inspectorate as of mid-2021 were analyzed to discuss the topic in detail. Descriptive methods and comparative analyses were used to understand regional differences. Absolute and proportional values were used for the research to enable better comparisons between regions, using the traditional method used in spatial structure studies, i.e., the distribution index (number of entities per 1000 inhabitants). The analysis identified spatial differences and possible implications for food policy and regional development. In addition, data on the number of marketplaces in Polish regions in 2022 were used. The study results indicated that short supply chains in the Polish food system contribute to increasing the availability of healthy local products, which may improve consumer health. However, despite these benefits, the results revealed challenges such as the limited production scale of local suppliers and the need to adapt to changing market conditions.

THE POTENTIAL OF LOCAL BUSINESS INVOLVEMENT AS A DETERMINANT OF SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP DEVELOPMENT IN THE PROCESS OF VETERANS' REINTEGRATION

The purpose of the article is to propose an approach to analysing the potential of involving local business as a determinant of social entrepreneurship development in the process of reintegration of veterans. Methodology. The survey is based on the results of an online questionnaire on the current state and needs of business in Chernihiv Oblast in the post-occupation period. The questionnaire contained questions in which respondents could describe business needs, expected support from local governments, and identify favourable and unfavourable factors for the development of the business environment at the regional level. The second part of the empirical research included personal in-depth expert interviews with key informants from business, local government, NGOs and donor initiatives to study the recovery needs of key micro-, small- and medium-sized business sectors in the de-occupied cities of Chernihiv Oblast. The survey results revealed the needs of businesses in the post-occupation period. Despite the fact that the surveyed entrepreneurs note a decrease in income, they are still optimistic about doing business in Chernihiv in the near future. According to the survey, the main factors hindering business development in Chernihiv Oblast are: low solvency of buyers; insufficient financial resources; bureaucratic obstacles; and changes in market conditions. The factors that hinder the development of Chernihiv Oblast are identified: unfavourable conditions for the development of entrepreneurship in the region; lack of external investment in the region; political situation at the local level; unemployment in the region; insufficient level of public initiative and activity of residents. Based on the results of in-depth interviews, it is possible to assess the potential of local businesses in the context of their involvement in the development of social entrepreneurship with a focus on veteran businesses. Despite all the difficulties and problems, the trend towards business recovery in the de-occupation period is positive, based on the desire of entrepreneurs to work in the Chernihiv Oblast. The city has active and influential NGOs that are ready to act in the interests of the community. Currently, donor initiatives in the region are just beginning. Practical implications. Based on a study of the reintegration needs and problems of servicemen, veterans and their family members in starting their own business and an analysis of the local business environment, recommendations are made on the role of business in the development of social entrepreneurship of veterans as a tool for their reintegration. Value/originality. The research demonstrates an approach to determining the potential of business in its involvement in the development of social entrepreneurship as a tool for reintegrating veterans at the local level.

Role of Innovation Management Practices in Enhancing Firm Agility and Adaptability during Times of Crisis in Turkey

Purpose: The study sought to investigate the role of innovation management practices in enhancing firm agility and adaptability during times of crisis in Turkey.
 Materials and Methods: The study adopted a desktop methodology. Desk research refers to secondary data or that which can be collected without fieldwork. Desk research is basically involved in collecting data from existing resources hence it is often considered a low cost technique as compared to field research, as the main cost is involved in executive’s time, telephone charges and directories. Thus, the study relied on already published studies, reports and statistics. This secondary data was easily accessed through the online journals and library
 Findings: The study found that Turkish firms embracing innovation management practices exhibited enhanced agility and adaptability during crises. These practices included nurturing an innovative culture, investing in research and development, and embracing digital solutions. Leadership commitment and external collaborations were identified as crucial enablers. Additionally, the research underscored the importance of tailoring strategies to Turkey's specific context to effectively bolster firm resilience during challenging times.
 Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The study recommends Turkish firms should formulate agile innovation strategies that emphasize flexibility and rapid response to changing market conditions. This involves regularly assessing customer needs, market trends, and emerging technologies. By continuously adapting their innovation strategies, firms can remain responsive and agile during crises. This recommendation contributes to theory by emphasizing the integration of agility principles into innovation management frameworks, highlighting the need for dynamic and iterative approaches. Encourage cross-functional collaboration within organizations to facilitate innovation.

A Critical Review of the Effectiveness of Machine Learning & Deep Learning Approaches in Forecasting Stock Market Trends

For a long time, traders as well as researchers have been actively interested in financial market forecasting. A financial market prediction has an interest for investors & researchers since long time. An existing method for predicting stock prices often rely on technical and fundamental analysis, which have limitations in handling the complexity and volume of financial data. To handle complex data sets for forecasting the value of stock using new emerging learning techniques. The most commonly used approach such as artificial neural networks (ANN), neural network techniques, SVM, decision trees algorithm, and random forests. These techniques can capture complex nonlinear relationships between variables and adjust to changing market conditions. The machine learning & deep learning analyze the trend for the future values of stock prediction and provides observation for making decision. The importance of feature selection and data preprocessing are used for improving the prediction accuracy of stock value. The genetic method feature selection concept can reduce the dimensionality of the data and remove irrelevant features, while data preprocessing techniques such as normalization and scaling can improve the stability and convergence of the algorithms. Sentiment analysis of social media data can capture market sentiment and investor behavior, while news articles can provide insights into company performance and industry trends. The accuracy of predictions tends to decrease as the prediction horizon increases and the prediction accuracy varies across different stock markets. A lot of significant work, the most recent stock market-related prediction system includes multiple limitations. Now the conclusion, the projection of stock markets is a hybrid approach & certain parameters for stock market forecasting should be as accurate as possible.

Generative AI in Supply Chain Management

A new age of creativity and efficiency is ushered in by the integration of Generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) into supply chain management. This in-depth study examines the diverse effects of generative artificial intelligence on supply chain operations, including risk management, inventory optimization, procurement, logistics, and more. Given the predictive capacity of generative AI, traditional methods have been completely modified, enabling companies to anticipate demand, maximize inventory, and expedite procurement procedures with previously unheard-of accuracy. Real-time adaptation is made possible by its dynamic decision-making skills, which also help to promote resilience against interruptions and enable proactive reactions to changing market conditions. However, there are some challenges in implementing generative AI in supply chains. Obstacles requiring strategic navigation and organizational preparedness include skill gaps, ethical considerations, scalability issues, and data integration complexity. Future directions for generative artificial intelligence in supply networks are extremely promising. Substantial improvements are expected to be driven by advances in explainable AI, predictive analytics, seamless integration, and ethical frameworks. Redefining supply chain models could be facilitated by autonomous supply chains, adaptive resilience to disturbances, and increased transparency in decision-making.

Oil Price Volatility and Business Profitability: Evidence from The Local Market

This study seeks to investigate the impact of oil price volatility on business profitability in the Province of Guimaras. Through a mixed-methods approach, the study aims to answer important research questions such as the correlation between crude oil price changes and micro business profitability and investment, potential differences in the effect of crude oil prices during periods of high and low prices, trends in the profitability of micro businesses entrepreneurs, the role of the oil and gas upstream segment and its prospects for the future, and proposes an extension program toolkit to help micro business entrepreneurs mitigate the impact of oil price fluctuations on their businesses. The study will collect and analyze data from 200 micro business entrepreneurs operating in five municipalities within the Province of Guimaras, which represent approximately 90 percent of micro businesses in the area by population. By providing significant insights into the impact of oil price volatility on small businesses, the findings of this study can help inform policymakers and business owners to improve economic sustainability and competitiveness in the local market. The researchers recommend several strategies to help small businesses better manage the risks associated with oil price volatility. These include diversifying business operations and revenue streams, developing proactive risk management strategies, seeking financial support and education, and advocating for policies that promote energy efficiency or diversify energy sources. The researchers hope that these recommendations will help small businesses maintain profitability in the face of changing market conditions.

Trends and the future of computerized printing systems: a forecast of technology development and its application in printing production

The object of research is computerized polygraphic systems, their technologies, current development trends and prospects for application in modern polygraphic production. The study solves the problem of determining current trends in the field of computerized printing systems, as well as developing forecasts for their future, taking into account modern technological innovations and the possibility of their application in printing. It was determined that the modern world is experiencing rapid technological changes. The integration of computer technologies in various branches of production not only optimizes processes, but also opens up new opportunities for development and innovation. The results were obtained: it was found that computerized polygraphic systems are becoming more and more widespread, providing the opportunity to improve product quality, reduce production costs and increase productivity. It has been proven that modern printing technologies demonstrate an impressive dynamic of progress, taking place in the context of intensive development of information and communication industries. The printing industry adapts quickly, assimilating modern technological advances and immediately implementing them into the production process. It has been confirmed that computer printing systems are actively developing, responding to the increase in market requirements and contributing to the improvement of print quality. Today's technologies, including 3D and 4D printing, digital stencil technology, laser engraving and central print management system (CPMS), are already integrated into the printing industry, providing automation, precision and efficiency. The obtained research results make it possible to ensure the industrial production of more individual, multifunctional and flexible products, expanding the horizons for printing companies. Forecasting the development of technologies and their application in printing production allows companies to always be one step ahead of competitors, rationally invest in innovation and effectively respond to changing market conditions. Given the globalization of the market and the growing demands for the quality of printing products, the ability to anticipate future trends and adapt to them is becoming a key success factor for manufacturers.

Management tools for the public-private partnership model of construction enterprises

The article explores the mechanisms and challenges of applying public-private partnership (PPP) in strategic management of construction enterprises in Ukraine. It analyzes the impact of globalization and liberalization on the effectiveness of construction firms and seeks ways to optimize PPPs to ensure their adaptation to the changing market conditions. The article emphasizes the need to harmonize PPP practices with contemporary demands of sustainable development and to define a set of criteria that take into account economic, technical, organizational, and social aspects. Five main groups of criteria are proposed, aimed at improving PPP models and assessed through a wide range of indicators, including in line with the policy of the European Union. Expert interviews have been used to determine the relevance of the criteria, allowing for an objective assessment of the importance of each one. The essence of PPP as a tool for strategic management, providing a coordinated interaction between the state and private investors in the construction sector, is provided. The current state and prospects for the development of PPPs in Ukraine are analyzed, taking into account international experience and the specifics of the national market. The defined criteria and sub-criteria for innovative development should form the basis for creating an effective management model that considers all aspects of sustainable development and facilitates the implementation of strategic initiatives. The research results highlight the importance of technical-technological and organizational development as key elements of a successful PPP model. The proposed approaches and recommendations may serve as a foundation for improving the management of construction enterprises, including through the introduction of innovative technologies and management methods

Commodity Prices and the US Business Cycle

This article explores the relationship between commodity price cycles and the US business cycle. Commodity price cycles are known to foster capricious macroeconomic activity, and understanding their behaviour offers valuable economic insight. The US business cycle is a key indicator of the broader economic conditions, reflecting changes in economic activity, consumer spending, and overall market conditions. By examining the dynamics and interplay between these two cycles, this study provides insights into the potential synchronisation, lag, or lead between commodity price cycles and the US business cycle. The study employs a Fourier analysis of commodity price cycles and the US business cycle. In addition, the same empirical method will be used to analyse historical rainfall patterns in the US as a means of furthering the role of historical rainfall patterns in shaping agricultural productivity and subsequent price movements. Results show dominant cycles of 14.2 years throughout the commodity price dataset, 3.8 years within the US business cycle, and 14.2 years in US historical rainfall patterns. The study also identifies several factors that influence the relationship between these two cycles, including global demand, trade policies, and financial market fluctuations.