Geopolitical Changes Research Articles

International student mobility options following Brexit: An analysis of the genesis of Britain's Turing Scheme

AbstractThis paper examines the interplay between geopolitical goals, governance and International Student Mobility (henceforth ISM). It explores how the United Kingdom's newly envisaged domestic credit‐mobility programme (the Turing Scheme) is reshaping the spatiality of their outward student mobility flows to bolster a global sense of internationalisation through ISM. During its emergence, the Turing Scheme was often positioned as an antithesis to the pre‐established Erasmus+ Scheme which had a strong focus on European integration, instead it focused on promoting a ‘Global Britain’ narrative. This paper conducts a content analysis of Hansard (transcripts of debates in the U.K.'s Houses of Parliament), to reflect on ISM decision‐making, debating the choices made and unmade regarding the development of the Turing Scheme. This research illuminated multiple issues, adding to the debate about the importance of ISM for geopolitical purposes, and how these can underpin credit‐mobility schemes, and shape these during periods of large‐scale geopolitical change.

(Re)Designing Security and War? Reflections on Transgressive Creativity and International Relations

Abstract In the discipline of IR, a growing number of academics work with artists, designers, architects, and filmmakers to explore a range of global political, economic, and security challenges. At the same time, there has been a concern—made powerfully by Dan Öberg—that there is a danger of what he terms “transgressive creativity” in the way that new approaches and methods are being used to respond to security challenges, especially in a military context. In this essay, I explore how the problem of this “transgressive creativity” is a concern shared by two groups working on the problems of security, war, technology, economy, and politics: critical designers and military designers (or the group that is becoming known as the Archipelago of Design). While the objectives of both communities are different, they both share a view that a sense of openness to collaboration is essential to go beyond traditional institutional approaches in order to make sense of complex and uncertain futures in a time of technological acceleration and geopolitical change. The essay concludes that we should be vigilant to the problems of transgressive creativity that Öberg alerts us to, but we also need to broaden the research agenda to understand how creative techniques are being used by a variety of actors and organizations to address the problems of international politics; academics in IR also need to see whether the “openness” to collaboration has broader disciplinary and methodological implications for researchers.

Pax Climatica: the Nash equilibrium and the geopolitics of climate change

Pax Climatica: the Nash equilibrium and the geopolitics of climate change

The Helsinki Convention – a legal obstacle for carbon storage in the Baltic Sea?

The Convention on the Protection of the Marine Environment of the Baltic Sea Area – also known as the Helsinki Convention – was originally signed in 1974 by all Baltic Sea coastal countries, seeking to address the increasing environmental challenges from industrialisation and other human activities and that were having a severe impact on the marine environment. It entered into force on 3 May 1980. The Convention includes the protection of the Baltic Sea from all sources of pollution from land, air and sea. The Helsinki Convention was updated in 1992 to take into account the geopolitical changes and emerging environmental challenges in the region and was extended to ten Contracting Parties, including the European Union. The updated Helsinki Convention of 1992 entered into force on 17 January 2000.According to the articles in the Helsinki Convention [1] dumping in the Baltic Sea is generally forbidden. Carbon storage can be seen as dumping when regarding it as “deliberate disposal at sea or into the seabed of wastes or other matter” (article 2.4 a (i)). If there is not an applicable exemption (article 2.4 b – not seen as dumping, or 11.4 – exception from prohibition due to that safety of human life is threatened, or 29 – prohibition not applicable due to the relation to other Conventions) carbon storage then is forbidden (article 11.1), and that prohibition shall be implemented in national law through its national authorities (article 4.2).There is though a common interest among several countries around the Baltic Sea to be able to store carbon in the Baltic Sea in the future, in order to reduce CO2 emissions and reach the common climate goals. For example, Sweden is right now, through its authority Geological Survey of Sweden, investigating the possibility of storing carbon within Swedish territory in the Baltic Sea.Therefore, there is also a discussion among the countries who have signed the Helsinki Convention about how to go forward making sure carbon storage is in agreement with the Convention. One way could be to look at how this problem was dealt with in the London Protocol – 1996 Protocol to the Convention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping of Wastes and Other Matter, 1972 (see article 4.1, and Annex I 1.8 and 4) [2], where carbon dioxide was added to the list of matter that may be considered for dumping if certain conditions are being met (disposal into a sub-seabed geological formation, consisting overwhelmingly of carbon dioxide, no wastes or other matter are added for the purpose of disposing of those wastes or other matter).

PUBLIC DIPLOMACY AS A TECHNOLOGY OF THE FOREIGN POLICY OF UKRAINE

The article is devoted to consideration of the specifics of public diplomacy in Ukraine, including during the war. This made it possible to single out approaches and main principles that will increase the country’s security and attractiveness on the international stage. By applying a technological approach, the types of development and different approaches to the study of public diplomacy in Ukraine and the world were analyzed, the specifics of public diplomacy in modern Ukraine were characterized, and effective technologies of public diplomacy were determined in the conditions of the transition from two-vector to European integration. The scientific novelty consists in the review of public diplomacy technologies in the context of solving key challenges in international relations, in particular in the context of geopolitical changes and the full-scale invasion of the occupiers in Ukraine. The effectiveness of public diplomacy and its role in maintaining and improving attitudes towards the country, attracting international support and developing partnership relations have been studied. Thus, the study expands the understanding of public diplomacy as a tool that can be used to positively influence international politics. The main attention is paid to the study of the tools of public diplomacy, as effective mechanisms for the development of Ukraine’s foreign policy. The conducted research proves the need to strengthen the efforts of all actors of international relations, citizens, opinion leaders and representatives of organizations to improve the image of Ukraine, as well as its economic, social, political and cultural enrichment. It is proposed to create a public institution for cyber security, which will assist law enforcement officers from the Cyber Police and representatives of the Ministry of Digital Policy. Strategic areas of activity and effective use of public diplomacy in Ukraine during the great war and changes in the vector of development in international relations were formed. The fakes can be used by the authorities to improve the image of the state and its recognition in the international arena.

THE LEGAL CONCEPT OF ‘(OVERRIDING) PUBLIC INTEREST’ AS AN INDICATOR FOR CHANGING PREMISES IN GERMAN ENERGY LAW WITH REFERENCES TO THE EUROPEAN LEVEL FOCUSING ON RECENT DEVELOPMENTS

The aim of this article is to highlight the close correlation between the government’s regulatory ambitions and the use of the value-based term ‘public interest’ in the field of energy law, which is particularly shaped by political considerations. Special emphasis will be placed on the recent reforms in Germany and at the European level in the field of renewable energy (RE) in the electricity sector. These reforms, driven by the significant geopolitical changes since February 2022, aim to accelerate the deployment of renewable energy sources (RES), in particular, the construction and operation of energy plants using renewable energy sources and the related grid infrastructure. To achieve this goal, (selected) RES projects are recognised (presumably) as being of public interest and by these means given priority.

Development of a recreational tour to Momsky Nature park «Aan-Aiylgy» for students

The Arctic region of the Russian Federation is currently attracting much attention. Arctic tourism is becoming increasingly popular. This article considers the concept, features and tourist potential of Momsky district of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). One of the modern approaches to the development of the Arctic regions of Yakutia is the effective use of tourist potential, which the Momsky district has. This is a territory with special natural-climatic and tourist-recreational resources. Russia has recently witnessed the growth of domestic tourism due to geopolitical changes, the growth of foreign currencies against the Russian rouble and other factors. This brings high prospects for the development of tourism in the previously unexplored Arctic regions of our country. Theoretical and methodical aspects of the organization of physical recreation for students by means of a tourist camping trip to the Nature Park in the Momsky district «Aan-Aiylgy» are investigated. In the future it is planned to organize camping tours not only for our students, but also for everyone. Exclusive tourist routes will be offered, which, despite their high prices, will be attractive in the current conditions of the global tourist market development. Tourists largely depend on the organizer of the trip. Perhaps it would be better if it was a well-organized travel agency, but unfortunately there is no such agency in the Momsky district. We believe that this is a good opportunity for local entrepreneurs to make money. Tour operators are better at organizing such trips and at arranging meetings with reindeer herders in advance, as well as good route planning. However, if you prefer a private entrepreneur from the representatives of the small indigenous people – Even – as an organizer, the programme will be more interesting: You will visit the camps of their friends or relatives and immerse yourself in the local colourful life. It is also worth mentioning the roads, or rather, their absence, which makes the tourist traffic noticeably less than desired.

Spatial imagination in colonial Bengal

ABSTRACT This essay traces a changing geo-politics brought about by the forces of Western colonisation. It maps the intellectual pathways two Bengalis – Raja Rammohun Roy and Ishwarchandra Vidyasagar – chalked out in their negotiations with real and mythical spaces of the East and the West. The fashioning of their own self-identities then becomes a part of this process. The evolution of Roy’s analytical frame, and Vidyasagar’s literary frame for examining and romancing the West is laid out, after the historical context is explained. Roy’s reflexive engagement with the Occident was to travel and see for himself this land of fantasy (which remained an elite practice and which Roy sets in motion). Ishwarchandra’s literary frame of translation formed a deep pool of imagination within indigenous minds – an internalised geographical space which did not need a validity check – therefore representing a deeper colonial penetration of the Bengali/Indian imagination.

The Phantom Eye: New Zealand and the Five Eyes

ABSTRACT New Zealand’s involvement in the Five Eyes is under-reported in academic and general literature. New Zealand’s participation was initially due to its integration within World War II western alliance intelligence systems, which evolved further after the war ended. Once in, New Zealand’s role became something of a self-fulfilling prophecy, but genuine nonetheless. Changes in communications technology, access to US technical capability, and geopolitical changes in the Pacific have all led to a viable New Zealand role in Five Eyes, as both contributor and beneficiary. But to retain this, New Zealand must increase its foreign intelligence capability in the future.

HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT IN THE CONDITIONS OF GEOPOLITICAL CHANGES

For businesses, geopolitics is observed and addressed at the national and regional levels. Given that human resources play a central role in the functioning of enterprises, the ongoing challenge is to employ a variety of human resource management practices in response to crises. Therefore, organizational human resource management policies deserve a strong examination in terms of their impact on the business of enterprises, especially in times of crisis, as a result of geopolitical changes. The paper presents a survey on the attitudes of employees, and it was done on the territory of the Republic of Serbia, through a questionnaire. The questionnaire was distributed via a link, where the questions were with the answers offered, and also presented through the five-point Likert scale. The results are calculated through the SPSS program. Research can serve as a backbone for businesses to improve human resource management, especially in times of crisis. In accordance with the received answers, companies will get an insight into the importance of employee attitudes, and guidelines for further growth and development.

Exploring the impact of geopolitics on the environmental Kuznets curve research

AbstractEnvironmental Kuznets curve (EKC) is one of the key theories of economic and environmentally sustainable development. Has the change in geopolitics in recent years affected the international collaboration in the study of the EKC? Based on the publications on the EKC included in the Web of Science, a case study of recent changes in China–US collaboration on the EKC is conducted to explore the impact of geopolitical changes on international collaborative research on sustainable development. The results show that (1) The EKC is a global study, and countries around the world have made more efforts, among which China, the United States, Turkey, Malaysia, England and other countries have made the most contributions in the global literature database and are the countries with the most development potential in this field. (2) International collaboration between China and the United States in this field has gradually increased, and scientific research collaboration between the two countries has increased under the influence of geopolitical conflicts, and collaboration has shown the characteristics of lasting stability. (3) China and the United States exhibit divergent international collaboration patterns, with Pakistan being China's foremost partner in this domain, while China serves as the US’ primary collaborator. Furthermore, China demonstrates a significantly higher volume of independently published works compared with the United States, highlighting the strengthening of China's scientific research capabilities. The number of countries collaborating internationally with China shows a different upward trend than in the United States across the three data sets set in this paper. (4) In the field of EKC hot research, China and the United States have maintained good international partnerships with other countries, and are the preferred countries for scientific research collaboration in other countries in the world. It can be seen from this that international scientific research collaboration for sustainable development represented by the EKC has shown relative stability, and geopolitical changes have not had a significant impact on international collaborative research for sustainable development.

The AUKUS Anvil: Promise and Peril

The nascent Australia–United Kingdom–United States security partnership, known as AUKUS, aims to secure for the Royal Australian Navy from the US and the UK a capability in nuclear-powered submarines to bolster allied deterrence in the Pacific. The partnership’s strategic loft and immense ambition have already afforded it almost mythical status. But its pathway is hardly free of potential obstacles, which include limited defence-industrial capacities, production delays, personnel shortfalls, cost overruns and geopolitical change. If AUKUS is seen as strengthening the strategic linkage between the US and Australia, as an American endorsement of a close ally, and as Britain’s claim to great-power status, unravelling it would likely have the reverse effect. As the project unfolds, and particularly as divisive issues become more urgent, maintaining political and strategic alignments among the three capitals will inevitably become more challenging.

Speaking on Behalf of the Korean King

During the late sixteenth century, top-tier elites of Ming China wrote mock memorials on behalf of the king of Chosŏn Korea. While the Chinese court developed this prompt to familiarize its officials with the changing geopolitics and test their abilities to elaborate on the greatness of China, up until the sixteenth century, elites turned this exercise into an opportunity to rethink the proper order of the world. Notably, some of them epitomized by Ye Xianggao made the critical step to advocate the Korean perspective with words that were even more “intense” than their Korean counterparts. These mock exercises offer access to an important yet much-underappreciated aspect of political culture in early modern China; accordingly, those who had received or had been receiving rhetorical training were actively exploring alternative possibilities of speaking for political and cultural others in a hierarchical world order.

Transformations in Islamic Pilgrimage Patterns and Meanings: Piety, Politics, Resistance, and Places of Memory in Islamic Pilgrimage Sites in Israel/Palestine

This paper explores recent transformations in Islamic pilgrimage patterns in Israel/Palestine. The meanings assigned to traditional Muslim sites, and the conduct and practices of the dwindling number of pilgrims who visit them, are the struggling victims of strategic socio-political erasures caused by dramatic geo-political changes. Since 1948, the hegemony of the State of Israel has perversely politicized sacred Islamic sites beyond their traditional religious functions. Muslim pilgrims, for their part, engage in rituals that have become a counterweight to Israeli ethnocratic imperatives. The reconstruction of an Islamic pilgrimage map presents a shared imaginative landscape as lieux de mémoire that undergird political and social resistance. The dogged survival of Islamic pilgrimage comprises a counterweight to state power. Muslims fight to affirm Palestinian identity, reclaim heritage spaces as anchors for identity, and actively engage with land claiming.

Elevated strategic partnership between India and Japan in the context of the rising power of China

ABSTRACT The growing India-Japan engagements are not only focused on economic issues, but also cover a wide range of interests, including regional security, political, and maritime security concerns. Both countries are consolidating strategic partnerships to address the risks and vulnerabilities posed by the evolving regional balance of power. Through their embeddedness with China, both India and Japan form an intrinsic part of the Indo-Pacific geopolitical security architecture. The key transformation of relations between these two states in the region is in response to the geopolitical change brought about by China’s rapid ascension. In this regard, the article further explains how both countries are systematically strengthening a strategic partnership and gradually reinforcing economic, political, security, and strategic cooperation against China. This article seeks to address how both states would restrain rising China’s strategic maneuvering in the Indo-Pacific region through an analysis of the India-Japan alignment, with the main focus of this study being on analyzing how both India and Japan are now investing in a long-term strategy to balance China’s hegemonic policies.

Development of the Regulatory and Institutional Basis for Incrising the Educational Migration to Russia

The publication aims to analyze the existing regulatory framework in the field of edu- cational migration for the implementation of strategic documents in the field of foreign and humani- tarian policy of Russia; assess how the existing legal mechanisms for educational migration meet the objectives; to formulate the institutional conditions for a new stage in the export of Russian education, taking into account geopolitical changes. The publication also presents the results of the monitoring of “double degree” programs conducted by RUDN University in 2022, as well as the risks of introducing a new system of higher education in Russia in the aspect of internationalization. The methodological basis of the study is the analysis of statistical data in the field of international education, as well as the analysis of the regulatory framework, which includes the legislation of the Russian Federation; departmental regulatory documents, international experience. Main research methods: analysis, formal legal and comparative legal.

Adaptation of business processes in a period of complex economic and geopolitical changes

The article presents methods and approaches to building effective business processes that meet the current needs of the market, including in the context of implementing anti-crisis strategies, introducing new technologies, optimizing outdated approaches to doing business.

INTERNATIONALIZATION OF HIGHER EDUCATION AS A FACTOR OF INCREASING THE COMPETITIVENESS OF HEIS IN TAJIKISTAN

The article is devoted to the key aspects of the internationalization of modern higher education in the Republic of Tajikistan as a factor in increasing the competitiveness of its universities in a changing world. It is difficult to overestimate the importance of international cooperation of universities in the era of global geopolitical changes, as it makes it possible for any university to close the indicators of international activity, which is included in the list of criteria for the effectiveness of teaching staff and is the most important rating indicator in many universities around the world. The successful implementation of the international strategy of cooperation between universities is a factor in increasing their prestige, an additional source of funding and a resource for competitiveness in the educational services market.

Геополитические прогнозы на 2023-й и последующие годы

The article examines possible geopolitical changes in the current 2023 and beyond, as well as directions for the transformation of the world order. Of course, all geopolitical forecasts are given mainly from the point of view of the results of Russia’s Special Military Operation in Ukraine (SMO). The article examines questions such as: Why could 2023 be a turning point? How useful is the conflict for the USA in the context of the upcoming presidential elections? How will the elections in different countries affect their political course? Will the Western alliance be stronger in 2023? How will the US–China relations develop? Are the greens/globalists against the war and what can they do? We also consider different scenarios for the course of war/peace/truce and possible political changes in some countries. But it is obvious that in 2023 the political aspects of life in many countries will be painted in Ukrainian tones, that is, they will be directly related to military operations and their results, on which the attitudes and position of different political forces, as well as their actions, will depend.

Factors of Consumer Behavior of Ukrainian Households in the Pre-War and War Period: a Collective Approach to Definition and Evaluation

The development and implementation of an effective socio-economic policy requires various statistical data on the current economic performance. An important set of statistical data pertains to characteristics of the consumer behavior of households. Analysis and systematization of the factors and structural change in the consumer behavior of households, along with determining and evaluating their reactions on such crises, have become important considering the shocks experienced by Ukraine in the recent time. The research objective is to describe the changes in the pattern of household consumption, to determine, systematize and estimate the existing exogenous and endogenous factors in the context of geopolitical change. The research novelty consists in determining the vector of change in the consumer behavior of Ukrainian households in view of current events and crises in Ukraine and the world, especially ones related with the Russian-Ukrainian war and the pandemic of COVID-19, and in constructing the authors’ model for households’ behavior in time of war with account to the factor of time. The main features of the consumer behavior of Ukrainian households over longer than 20 latest years were identified. The consumer behavior of the Ukrainian population was analyzed during the crisis of COVID-19 at country level and by size and gender of a person in working age (18–59 years) who heads the household. It was concluded that consumer spending on essential goods increased in the first year of the pandemic and sharply decreased in the second year, with demonstrating that the consumer reaction on this crisis was quite similar to other ones. The current consumer behavior of Ukrainian households was analyzed, with identifying and estimating the influence of exogenous and endogenous factors on the vector of its change. The results of the study allow or a more detailed assessment of the consumer behavior of Ukrainian households in time of crises and a better understanding of its features in general.