Changes In Demand Research Articles

Designing the Liner Shipping Network of Tomorrow Powered by Alternative Fuels

The liner shipping industry is undergoing an extensive decarbonization process to reduce its 275 million tons of CO2 emissions as of 2018. In this process, the long-term solution is the introduction of new alternative maritime fuels. The introduction of alternative fuels presents a great set of unknowns. Among these are the strategic concerns regarding sourcing of alternative fuels and, operationally, how the new fuels might affect the network of shipping routes. We propose a problem formulation that integrates fuel supply/demand into the liner shipping network design problem. Here, we present a model to determine the production sites and distribution of new alternative fuels—we consider methanol and ammonia. For the network design problem, we apply an adaptive large neighborhood search combined with a delayed column generation process. In addition, we wish to test the effect of designing a robust network under uncertain demand conditions because of the problem’s strategic nature and importance. Therefore, our proposed solution method will have a deterministic and stochastic setup when we apply it to the second-largest multihub instance, WorldSmall, known from LINER-LIB. In the deterministic setting, our proposed solution method finds a new best solution to three instances from LINER-LIB. For the main considered WorldSmall instance, we even noticed a new best solution in all our tested fuel settings. In addition, we note a profit drop of 7.2% between a bunker-powered and pure alternative fuel–powered network. The selected alternative fuel production sites favor a proximity to European ports and have a heavy reliance on wind turbines. The stochastic results clearly showed that the found networks were much more resilient to the demand changes. Neglecting the perspective of uncertain demand leads to highly fluctuating profits. Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/trsc.2023.0143 .

Optimization of Material Flow and Product Allocation in Inter-Unit Operations: A Case Study of a Refrigerator Manufacturing Facility

Background: Logistics operations are integral to manufacturing systems, particularly in the transportation processes that occur not only between facilities and stakeholders but also between warehouses and workstations within a facility. The design of functional areas and allocating goods to appropriate zones within the warehouse management system (WMS) are critical activities that substantially influence the efficiency of manufacturing logistics operations. Methods: This study develops a mixed-integer programming (MIP) model to optimize material flow and product routing in manufacturing. The model identifies efficient pathways, assigns products to routes, and determines the required material-handling equipment. It is implemented in Python (3.11.5) using the Pyomo (6.7.3) package and the CBC solver (2.10.11), with sensitivity analysis performed on constraints and decision variables to evaluate robustness. Results: The findings indicate that Material Flow 3 and Material-Handling Equipment 1 represent the optimal configurations for managing the majority of goods within the manufacturing system. Conclusions: The proposed mathematical model supports the decision-making process by enabling adjustments to the proportions of functional areas within the manufacturing logistics system, ensuring operational efficiency and flexibility in response to changing demands. Furthermore, the study offers managerial insights and suggests directions for future research.

To Study the Dynamics of Demand and Consumption Patterns of Wellness Tea in Different Provinces of China

In the present social context where health awareness is on the rise Chinese consumers appetite for healthy beverages is experiencing a rapid upward trend. Wellness tea beverages, which integrate traditional wellness concepts with modern beverage culture, are increasingly popular among consumers due to their potential health advantages.. This report offers an in-depth analysis of the dynamic changes in demand and consumption patterns of wellness tea across different provinces in China. By comprehensively dissecting the sales volume, price, and consumption behaviors of branded wellness tea in various cities and stores on the Taobao platform, it aims to disclose market trends and construct a regression forecast model for sales volume. The results indicate that the price factor (both pre-coupon and post-coupon prices) is the most decisive element influencing sales volume. Geographical regional disparities also exert a certain impact on sales volume, while macroeconomic indicators such as per capita GDP have a relatively minor impact. These discoveries not only provide decision support for market participants in the wellness tea industry, but also provide valuable reference information for policymakers, thereby facilitating the healthy progression of the industry and further tapping into the market potential.

Qingdao Regional Economic Development of High Quality of Port and Shipping Logistics Talent Science and Education Integration Training Mode

Starting from the adaptive context of the port and shipping logistics professional training of higher vocational education to the port and shipping industry, we study experts at home and abroad.The relevant results, combined with the empirical research of the subject, proved the laws and characteristics of the development of the port and shipping logistics industry under the new quality productivity, corresponding to the higher vocational port and shipping logistics.The new requirements of talent training supply, further investigate the Marine development of shipping trade and the corresponding demand changes of talent training supply, analysis Ming new quality productivity enables the connotation mechanism of digital education of higher vocational education, analyzes its internal constraint factors, and concludes it through practical empirical research. The training model of high-quality economic development of port and aviation logistics talents promotes the quality of Qingdao port and aviation talent trainingRising, to provide a reference for the government's decision-making.

Kinematic Alterations with Changes in Putting Distance and Slope Incline in Recreational Golfers

Golfers must modify their motor patterns when the demands of a putting task change. The objective was to compare joint angles and putter kinematics during putting at two distances and inclines. Recreational golfers (n = 14) completed putts over four conditions: 3-foot putts on flat and incline surfaces, and 7-foot putts on flat and incline surfaces. A Vicon motion capture system measured kinematic data. Joint angles, putter angles, and spatiotemporal variables were calculated. Analysis of variance compared spatiotemporal variables, and statistical parametric mapping compared angles between putts. There were faster putter head and ball velocities during longer and incline putts. The amplitude and time of backswing increased with longer putts. Longer putts resulted in increased trunk axial rotation during backswing, downswing, and follow-through, while incline putts only resulted in greater rotation during follow-through. There were minimal differences in shoulder angle. There was greater head rotation toward the hole during all putting phases for longer putts and during follow-through for incline putts. The trunk is the primary mechanism to increase putter head amplitude, and thereby velocity, when putting from longer distances. A similar strategy could be used when putting uphill. Additional work should confirm these results in highly skilled golfers.

European tourism demand in the face of climate change: Asymmetric impacts, demand reallocation, and deseasonalisation strategies

Abstract The European tourism industry, a significant contributor to employment and income, is under threat due to climate change. This study, using data from 1315 European regions and considering a tourism-specific climate index and tourism typologies, examines the potential impact of climate change on tourism demand across the continent under four warming scenarios. We find that climate change impacts in Europe will be highly asymmetrical across regions and seasons, resulting in significant reallocations of tourism demand in space and time across all warming scenarios. A clear north-south pattern in tourism demand changes emerges, with northern regions benefiting and southern regions experiencing significant reductions, particularly under higher warming. Summer demand and coastal areas, where tourism demand is more concentrated, will be particularly affected. We also quantify the deseasonalising efforts necessary to maintain the status quo in the annual demand for tourism, involving relative reductions in summer demand and increases in shoulder and winter seasons.

Potential Use of Silk Waste in Sustainable Thermoplastic Composite Material Applications: A Review

Global warming and climate change demand rapid and swift action in terms of reducing resource consumption, gas emissions, and waste generation. The textile industry is responsible for a large share of global pollution; therefore, to define a route to tackle part of the issue, a literature review on the current state of research in the field of recycling silk waste was conducted. The methods used to recover, process, and characterize silk waste fibers were summarized. The aim of this work was to investigate the possible applications of recycled silk waste in the field of composite materials for load bearing applications. In this sense, some prominent studies in the field of silk-based composites were reported, favoring thermoplastic materials for sustainability reasons. Studies on nonwoven silk waste fabrics were covered as well, finding an abundance of results but no applications as a reinforcement for composite materials. In a circular economy approach, we believe that the combination of nonwoven silk waste fabrics, thermoplastic polymers, and possibly hybridization with other fibers from sustainable sources could be beneficial and could lead to green and high-performance products. The aim of this work was to summarize the information available so far and help define a route in that direction.

Perancangan Aplikasi Inventory Barang Berbasis Web Pada UMKM XYZ

In today's digital era, technology has become a primary need in various activities and jobs. The use of the right application can produce the information needed effectively and efficiently, in this ever-evolving era, MSMEs must be able to adapt quickly to technological changes and changing consumer needs. In facing this challenge, efficient stock management is essential for the survival of MSMEs. Well-managed stock is not just a collection of goods stored in a warehouse, but a strategic element in the MSME supply chain. With the existence of a Web-based application, it is hoped that MSMEs in stock management can be better able to avoid excess and lack of stock. MSMEs are also able to respond quickly to changes in demand and internal needs. The design of this application will be made with the PHP, HTML programming languages, and using mySql as its database. The method used in making this application uses the prototyping method. The results of this study are in the form of a web system design that can help MSME owners in managing the Warehouse. The Prototype method is an approach to software development that focuses on creating fast and gradual designs, allowing immediate evaluation of the advantages and disadvantages of prototypes made by prospective users or clients. Developers and clients can engage in continuous interaction during the prototyping process.

Editorial Volume 50 Issue 2

The Editorial team completed and released this issue as the calendar changed to 2025. CJLT’s scope covers all things relevant to education and technology use. The current state of Canadian and global education includes demands for change in response to social and economic challenges. According to a well-known GenAI program, the two biggest issues facing education in Canada are accessibility and quality. More distressing is that the Education in Canada Current Issues Report of May 1994 identifies those same two issues as education’s most critical. Despite significant contextual changes, and those in technology and education design, these two things continue to plague us. CJLT provides research addressing this changing education context, the same issues of accessibility and quality, and emerging education theories and practices.

Oxygen transport across the lifespan of male Sprague Dawley rats.

Human populations are experiencing unprecedented growth and longevity with lingering knowledge gaps of the characteristics, mechanisms, and pathologies of senescence. Invasive measurements and long-term control conditions for longitudinal studies are infeasible, necessitating the need for surrogate animal models. Rats have short lifespans (2-3years) with translatable cardiovascular systems, and Sprague Dawley microcirculatory preparations are key to studying the oxygen transport mechanisms critical to the loss of skeletal muscle function in aging. Here we present baseline physiological data of 61 male, Sprague Dawley rats at 3, 6, 12, 18, and 24months of age. Anesthetized animals were surgically prepared for femoral arterial and venous cannulations, tracheal intubation, and exteriorization of the spinotrapezius muscle. Measurements included cardiovascular function, blood gases, and peripheral tissue interstitial oxygen tension (PISFO2) using phosphorescence quenching microscopy. Intrinsic heart rates decreased with age without significant changes to blood pressure. Arterial oxygen tension declined 17% by 18 and 24 Months (p < 0.05) while pACO2 and PISFO2 were unchanged. Lactate was elevated at 12 and 18 Months along with an alkaline shift in blood pH. Heart rate and decreased pAO2 decoupled from pACO2 are conserved phenomena in human aging. The continuity of resting PISFO2 despite an anaerobic shift in metabolism may be due to declining mitochondrial function and dysregulation of the vascular response to hypoxemia, which are also present in aged humans. These physiological and microcirculatory data offer a useful experimental model for investigating the detailed changes in oxygen supply and demand that affect senescing skeletal muscles in rats and humans.

Saccades and Blinks Index Cognitive Demand During Auditory Noncanonical Sentence Comprehension.

Noncanonical sentence structures pose comprehension challenges because they require increased cognitive demand. Prosody may partially alleviate this cognitive load. These findings largely stem from behavioral studies, yet physiological measures may reveal additional insights into how cognition is deployed to parse sentences. Pupillometry has been at the forefront of investigations into physiological measures of cognitive demand during auditory sentence comprehension. This study offers an alternative approach by examining whether eye-tracking measures, including blinks and saccades, index cognitive demand during auditory noncanonical sentence comprehension and whether these metrics are sensitive to reductions in cognitive load associated with typical prosodic cues. We further investigated how eye-tracking patterns differ across correct and incorrect responses, as a function of time, and how each related to behavioral measures of cognition. Canonical and noncanonical sentence comprehension was measured in 30 younger adults using an auditory sentence-picture matching task. We also assessed participants' attention and working memory. Blinking and saccades both differentiate noncanonical sentences from canonical sentences. Saccades further distinguish noncanonical structures from each other. Participants made more saccades on incorrect than correct trials. The number of saccades also related to working memory, regardless of syntax. However, neither eye-tracking metric was sensitive to the changes in cognitive demand that was behaviorally observed in response to typical prosodic cues. Overall, these findings suggest that eye-tracking indices, particularly saccades, reflect cognitive demand during auditory noncanonical sentence comprehension when visual information is present, offering greater insights into the strategies and neural resources participants use to parse auditory sentences.

RENEWABLE ENERGY AS ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY FACTOR UNDER GLOBAL TRADE OPENNESS

The key to this study is to explore the relation between renewable energy and trade openness under climate change impacts on international trade. This study is based on the analyses of trade openness index and the Notre Dame-Global Adaptation Index in measures of research of the transfer of renewable energy technologies globally, promotion of the growth of renewable energy share, and the country's current vulnerability to climate disruptions. Research is focused on evaluation of low-carbon trade, analysis of renewable heat, and estimation of the impact of renewable energy on trade openness under climate disruptions. Research verified that development of renewable energy can reduce the human impact on climate change, but such technologies are not available to all countries; because of this, different countries may be affected by climate change to varying degrees. The implementation of renewable energy technologies should help countries become more resilient to climate change through the availability of appropriate means of producing renewable energy; however, this is possible subject to the country's openness to the arrival of goods and technologies from outside-increasing trade openness level. Countries with open and competitive markets are more inclusive to adopt and support the renewable energy technologies and their development. From another position, development of trade and deep integration of economy can create external dependence on imported energy sources and block the development of domestic renewable energy sectors. The economic challenges in the field of renewable energy need the focus of governments and policy makers on supporting the stability of renewable generation facilities, increasing the reliability of energy supply, protection from seasonal changes in demand for electricity, support of the energy cooperatives and private consumers of renewable energy, and transition the public transport sector for renewable energy sources. Further research in this direction has prospects, because globalization is a stable trend of recent decades, and allows for an even distribution of efforts to produce various products and provide them to the population, but decarbonization potential of renewable energy production is untapped as fossil fuels dominate in largest world markets.

Will vegetation restoration affect the supply-demand relationship of water yield in an arid and semi-arid watershed?

Natural processes, combined with human activities, determine the inherent quality of regional water supply and demand. However, the interaction between artificial vegetation restoration and water supply-demand dynamics remains insufficiently understood, particularly in arid and semi-arid regions. This study focuses on the Jinghe River Basin (JRB) in the central Loess Plateau, aiming to investigate the changes in supply and demand of ecosystem water yield services and analyze factors affecting the water supply-demand relationship during the vegetation restoration, using the InVEST model, scenario analysis, and the Geodetector. The key findings are as follows: (1) Water shortages in the basin are concentrated in the southern and northern areas, while the southwestern and central areas exhibit water surpluses. Between 2000 and 2020, the water supply showed a first decline and then increase trend, whereas water demand exhibited an opposite trend, with 2009 and 2013 as turning points, respectively. These changes mitigated the basin's water scarcity. (2) Assuming constant meteorological factors and fixed water use indicators, water supply in the vegetation restoration areas decreased by 47.4 million m3, but water demand decreased by 89 million m3, indicating that vegetation restoration did not threaten human water availability. (3) Water supply is primarily influenced by meteorological factors, while water demand and the water supply-demand ratio (WSDR) are mainly driven by socio-economic factors. The influence of precipitation on water yield (q=0.69) outweighs that of land use (q=0.14), indicating that the reduction in water yield due to vegetation restoration is offset by the increased precipitation. This study provides insights into the spatiotemporal dynamics of water yield services and the relationship between vegetation restoration and water supply-demand in the arid and semi-arid regions.

COMPARATIVE STUDY OF SUPERMARKET BUILDING PERFORMANCE UNDER CURRENT AND FUTURE WEATHER CONDITIONS IN ABUJA MUNICIPAL COUNCIL (AMAC), ABUJA-NIGERIA

This study investigates the energy performance and carbon emissions of LIDL supermarket buildings in Abuja, Nigeria, under current and future climate conditions. Using a multi-methodological approach, the research evaluates three construction models—Model P1 (steel columns with cladding panels), Model P2 (Poroton blocks), and Model P3 (precast concrete columns with glulam beams)—to understand the impacts of construction techniques and materials on building energy efficiency and sustainability. The study employs Thermal Analysis Software (TAS) v9.5.0 to simulate energy consumption and emissions under different scenarios, utilizing dynamic weather data from the Chartered Institution of Building Services Engineers (CIBSE) for both present and future climate projections (2050s and 2080s). The methodology integrates critical building elements, including floor area, thermal properties, and heating, cooling, and lighting systems, and incorporates site-specific data from Jabi, Abuja, to analyze regional climate effects. Key simulation assumptions include construction details, U-values, and infiltration rates, while databases from ASHRAE are used to model thermal properties and heat transfer. Results highlight the energy demand changes and carbon emissions associated with heating and cooling across seasonal extremes. This research provides actionable insights into optimizing supermarket energy performance and sustainability in response to climate change, offering valuable guidance for building designs in urbanizing and climate-vulnerable regions like Nigeria.

TAILORED CARE FOR TERMINALLY-ILL OLDER ADULTS: INTEGRATED COMMUNITY-BASED END-OF-LIFE SUPPORT TEAM MODEL (ICEST)

Abstract Background The integrated community-based end-of-life support team (ICEST) tailored the physical-psychosocial-practical care for community-dwelling terminally ill patients and enhanced the capacity of family caregiving through ongoing assessments and seamless interdisciplinary cooperation. The study evaluated the deceased patients’ first three-month care profiles and outcomes. Methods An intervention study with three-time-point repeated measures. Public hospitals identified and referred eligible older adults (age ≥ 60, life expectancy ≤12 months) to receive ICEST services. Patients’ clinical symptoms were measured at baseline, one month, and three months after, and the care they received was recorded. Deceased cases (n=756) were extracted for analysis. Repeated ANOVA was used to analyze the changes in care profiles and clinical outcomes using SPSS 27.0. Results The ICEST could significantly reduce patients’ physical and psycho-social-spiritual symptoms. Except for patients with a short survival period (≤3 months), they experienced a sharp worsening of pain (F (3,188)=2.82,p&amp;lt;.05) and weakness (F (3,188)=5.32,p&amp;lt;.01) and drowsiness remained consistently high (F (3,190)=6.29,p&amp;lt;.001). Depression levels of patients with a longer survival period (&amp;gt;12 months) decreased more after 1st month (F(3,168)=2.68,p&amp;lt;.05). The highest input was in psychosocial care. No significant change was found in its input or physical care, and practical support increased after the 1st month. Psychosocial care for patients with shorter survival periods (≤3 months) was higher initially and decreased later, whereas others showed the opposite trend. Conclusion Various care profiles indicated the moment-by-moment changes in care demands among community-dwelling terminally ill patients. Timely assessments and corresponding adjustments of interventions to address real-time needs are essential.

Sustainable Tech Entrepreneurship and Green Innovation Driving Resilience and Environmental Impact through Digital Transformation and Circular Business Models

Growing issues of climate change and depletion of natural resources demand a change in business models to be sustainable. This research examines Sustainable Technology Entrepreneurship (STE) and Green Innovation (GI), focusing on digital transformation, circular business models, and green finance as an evolution towards environmental resilience and sustainability. Regarding the potential issue of knowledge gaps when treating these components together, in this paper, the significant role these elements play in the implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) is also emphasized. In the study, a conceptual framework is developed, and a structural equation model (SEM) is used with data from over 200 participants. It is already demonstrated that digital technologies (DT) play the role of a considerable driving force behind sustainable entrepreneurship, a somewhat significant and supportive role of circular business models, and a moderate but significant one of green finance. STE is recognized as a significant mediating factor of the phenomenon, related to environmental resilience by way of innovative, sustainable concepts. This paper emphasizes the effectiveness of synergies between DT, circular economy principles and green finance to support sustainability, which can help key recommendations to policymakers and corporate managers for sustainable leverage of a growth path of economic development.

Frequency control of a multi-microgrid system using a muti-stage controller in an isolated mode

The interconnection of numerous standalone MGs leads towards the establishment of an isolated MMG system. The MMG system is a complex nonlinear system that creates functioning decline as a result of inadequate dampening under the unanticipated variability in the load demand and the generated power from sources of renewable energy catalogue. Nonlinear nature also comes in the system due to the variations in the system parameter and dynamically altering loading conditions. So, in the present work, a standalone MMG system with two areas system through renewable penetration, the operation of QOHSA aimed at the gain optimisation of MS-PID controller is exploited for limiting variation in power and frequency due to generation and load demand perturbation. The practicality of the considered controller (i.e. MS-PID) is unearthed by comparing the dynamic characteristics of isolated MMG systems along with other controllers like I, PI and PID controllers (i.e. classical controllers). The MS-PID controller configuration sustains the deviation of frequency under ±0.00249 Hz and ±0.0583 Hz for step and random change in load demand, respectively. The sensitivity analysis is executed to present the suitability for the extensive adaptations in the magnitude of MG parameters along with the circumstances of step/random load perturbation.

Integration of Traditional Agricultural Systems with the Concept of Sustainable Agriculture: Opportunities and Challenges

Traditional agriculture has long been an integral part of agrarian systems in various regions, yet global challenges such as climate change and urbanization demand more sustainable approaches. This study aims to explore the opportunities and challenges of integrating traditional agricultural systems with sustainable agriculture concepts through a literature review method. The findings reveal that traditional practices, such as crop rotation and organic fertilization, align with sustainability principles. However, there is a need to enhance efficiency through the application of modern technologies such as precision irrigation and integrated pest management. This integration faces significant challenges, including farmers' limited access to technology and a lack of supportive policies. The study highlights the importance of contextual approaches, farmer training, and cross-sector collaboration to optimize the potential of this integration. Thus, the findings provide relevant insights for developing sustainable agricultural policies and practices in Indonesia and other countries.

Detection of DDOS Attack in Cloud Computing Environment using Artificial Neural Network

One of the most severe threats against cloud systems is Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks. DDoS attacks create a type of resource crippling by flooding the system with abnormal traffic, hence overwhelming all the resources like memory, CPU, and network bandwidth, bringing the services out of reach to legitimate users. It becomes quite difficult to detect such attacks when the requests originate from hundreds of geographically dispersed sources. As such, we propose an ANN-based DDoS attack detection approach that leans on machine learning to enhance the accuracy and efficiency in detecting attacks. The ANN model is designed to pick out underlying patterns in the network traffic and distinguish between legitimate and malicious activities that might originate from either side, thus reducing false positives and false negatives. A particular advantage of cloud computing is its scalability, through which changing demands can be catered to, but it needs robust security against DDoS attacks in order to maintain the service. This ANN-based approach especially focuses on ethical AI principles and sustainability, while being non-discriminatory in access to services. For it reduces errors to ensure fairness in detection, fine-tuning for energy efficiency also turns out to lead to a smaller ecological footprint.

Analysis of Material selection for automotive fender using the weighted sum method

Introduction: Material selection for automotive fenders involves the process of choosing the most suitable materials to be used in the construction of fenders based on various performance criteria, including mechanical properties, durability, weight, cost, safety, and environmental considerations. It involves assessing different materials and their characteristics to determine the optimal choice that meets the specific requirements of fenders. Research Significance: We will be able to choose a material with the right qualities thanks to research on the best materials for car fenders. Research on material choice for vehicle fenders was conducted for several reasons, including weight reduction and fuel efficiency, impact resistance including safety, resisting corrosion and durability, manufacturing procedure and cost optimisation, design flexibility and style, and environmental sustainability. It promotes innovation, aids in the creation of innovative materials, and aids automakers in meeting the changing demands of the market and customers. Method: This research employs the weighted sum approach to analyse the choice of material for an automobile fender. Alternate Parameters: High Strength Steels (Docol600DP and Docol1000DP), Aluminium alloys (AA2036T4 and AA6010T4), Thermoplastic polymers (PPE/PA/989Resin, PPO/PA66, NY66/40CF, PPS/40CF, AR/PC, PC/PBT resin) Evaluation Parameters: Ultimate Tensile Strength (UTS), Yield Strength (YS), Young's Modulus (YM), Linear Coefficient of Thermal Expansion (CTE), Material Cost (MC). Results: From the result it is seen that D1000DP is got the first rank where as is the PPE/PA/989 is having the lowest rank. Conclusion: the first ranking D1000DP is obtained with the lowest quality of PPE/PA/989.