Changes In Tone Research Articles

Cardiomyocyte and endothelial cells play distinct roles in the tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-dependent atrial responses and increased atrial fibrillation vulnerability induced by endurance exercise training in mice.

Endurance exercise is associated with an increased risk of atrial fibrillation (AF). We previously established that adverse atrial remodelling and AF susceptibility induced by intense exercise in mice require the mechanosensitive and pro-inflammatory cytokine tumour necrosis factor (TNF). The cellular and mechanistic basis for these TNF-mediated effects is unknown. We studied the impact of Tnf excision, in either atrial cardiomyocytes or endothelial cells (using Cre-recombinase expression controlled by Nppa or Tie2 promoters, respectively), on the cardiac responses to six weeks of intense swim exercise training. TNF ablation, in either cell type, had no impact on the changes in heart rate, autonomic tone, or left ventricular structure and function induced by exercise training. Tnf excision in atrial cardiomyocytes did, however, prevent atrial hypertrophy, fibrosis, and macrophage infiltration as well as conduction slowing and increased AF susceptibility arising from exercise training. In contrast, endothelial-specific excision only reduced the training-induced atrial hypertrophy. Consistent with these cell-specific effects of Tnf excision, inducing TNF loss from atrial cardiomyocytes prevented activation of p38MAPKinase, a strain-dependent downstream mediator of TNF signalling, without affecting the atrial stretch as assessed by atrial pressures induced by exercise. Despite TNF's established role in innate immune responses and inflammation, neither acute nor chronic exercise training caused measurable NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Our findings demonstrate that adverse atrial remodelling and AF vulnerability induced by intense exercise require TNF in atrial cardiomyocytes whereas the impact of endothelial-derived TNF is limited to hypertrophy modulation. The implications of the cell autonomous effects of TNF and crosstalk between cells in the atria are discussed.

Formation of postural control in infants of the first year of life with impaired motor development, born at different gestation periods

The postural control development is a complex physiological process, which is the basis for the development of motor functions. Approaches to the assessment of postural control and the features of its formation in infants of the first year of life have not been studied enough. Purpose. To reveal the features of postural control development in infants of the first year of life with the consequences of perinatal lesions of the central nervous system in the form of impaired motor development, born at different gestational ages. Material and methods. We examined 120 infants of the first year of life with impaired motor development and 16 infants without neurological pathology. Infants with impaired motor development were divided into 4 subgroups: 1 (n = 30) — full-term, 2 (n = 30) — very preterm, 3 (n = 30) — moderately preterm, 4 (n = 30) — late premature children depending on their gestational age at birth. The examination was conducted at 3–4 months of calendar age in full-term and corrected in premature infants and included an assessment of the neurological status, a clinical assessment of postural control, and computer stabilometry. Results. Violation of postural control was found in infants of the first year of life with the consequences of perinatal lesions of the central nervous system in the form of impaired motor development, born at different gestational ages. These postural disorders may be associated with changes in muscle tone and impaired sensorimotor integration. Conclusion. Further research will enable the development of objective criteria for diagnosing postural disorders in infants of the first year of life, depending on the gestational age at birth. This will contribute to the timely start of treatment and rehabilitation measures, reducing the frequency and severity of disabling consequences of perinatal lesions of the central nervous system.

Domestic researchers who have made important contributions to the study of digestive system diseases: images in art. Maks Moiseyevich Gubergrits

A few main directions can be distinguished in the scientific and practical activities of M. M. Gubergrits. Even his first studies contributed to the history of the development of domestic cardiology. He continued the work started by V. P. Obraztsov on the III normal heart sound, studied changes in heart tones and the formation of a gallop rhythm, the rhythm of a neurasthenic quail, was one of the first to evaluate the clinical significance of the electrocardiographic technique, and tried to use it for better understanding the effect of certain drugs on the heart. He described disorders of the cardiovascular system in severe infectious diseases (epidemic typhus, relapsing fever, and typhoid fever) and thrombosis of the splenic vein. An important part of the scientific activity of M. M. Gubergrits was the pain problem. An outstanding humanist scientist could not ignore this human suffering from various diseases. He was interested not only in the origin of pain in diseases of the heart, liver, and kidneys but also in pain as a general problem of physiology and pathology. However, he most clearly revealed himself as a talented clinician in gastroenterology by constantly combining thoughtful observation at the patient’s bedside with clinical and physiological experimentation. Back in 1929, in his work on the mechanism of gastric secretion, he established the effect of mechanical irritation of the gastric mucosa on the secretion of gastric juice. He described a unique palpatory symptom of a bigastric stomach (changes in the position of the lower border of the stomach, re‑determined by splashing noise). He had a keen interest in peptic ulcer disease. His studies on pancreatic physiology and pathology have retained their value to the present day: data on excretory function, the adaptability of exocrine function to different diets, the possibility of a partial violation of this function (dyspancreatism), as well as the organ’s functional study technique developed in his clinic. M. M. Gubergrits described the pain zone in the pathology of the head and body of the pancreas. In addition, he described concomitant diseases of the liver and pancreas and the liver’s involvement in the pathological process in gastric, duodenal, and large intestinal diseases. The studies by M. M. Gubergrits on the clinical picture of pancreatic diseases played a significant role in the further research. To a large extent, his statements on the diagnosis of pancreatitis have retained their significance. He emphasized the importance of such symptoms as pathological hunger, thirst, polyuria, weight loss, pain in the epigastric area, sometimes jaundice, diarrhea with creatorrhea and steatorrhea, and changes in the blood and urine.

Inflammatory tone in liver and adipose tissue in dairy cows experiencing a healthy transition from late pregnancy to early lactation

The transition from late pregnancy (LP) to early lactation (EL) in dairy cows is characterized by a major reorganization of the metabolic activities of liver and adipose tissue in support of milk synthesis. This reorganization has been attributed in large part to variation in the plasma concentration and actions of growth hormone, insulin, and other metabolic hormones. A role for the immune system has also been suggested by a near-universal rise in circulating levels of liver-derived acute-phase proteins (APP) in early lactating cows. However, less attention has been devoted to the possibility that resident macrophages of liver and adipose tissue adopt a proinflammatory state (referred herein as inflammatory tone) in parallel with the rise in plasma APP. We addressed this question by measuring the expression of genes expressed predominantly in the resident macrophage population of liver and adipose tissue and indicative of a proinflammatory (tumor necrosis factor α, IL-6, IL-12, resistin, and cluster of differentiation 80 [CD80]) or anti-inflammatory state (IL-10 and chitinase-3-like protein 1 [CHI3L1]). In a first group of cows, none of these inflammatory gene markers were regulated in liver between LP on d -29 (relative to parturition) and on d 8 of EL despite 1.7 to 5.6-fold upregulation in the expression of the APP (haptoglobin, serum amyloid α, and orosomucoid 1). In a second group of healthy cows, expression of the inflammatory gene markers did not differ between livers with low (<5.3%) or high (>11.5%) triglyceride content on d 7 of EL. In adipose tissue, a modest increase in inflammatory tone was suggested between LP and EL by increased CD80 expression and decreased CHI3L1 expression in EL. To assess the possibility that inflammatory tone would be more prominent if assayed in a cell compartment enriched with macrophages, adipose tissue was obtained in LP on d -28 and in EL on d +10 from cows experiencing a healthy transition period and fractionated into its adipocyte and stromal vascular cell (SVC) compartments. Expression of inflammatory gene markers was higher in SVC than adipocytes but remained unregulated in SVC between LP and EL. Overall, these results suggest little change in the inflammatory tone of resident macrophages in liver and adipose tissue of healthy transition dairy cows and do not support a role for the local immune system in the reorganization of metabolism in these tissues at the onset of lactation.

Study on the Mechanism of the Pink Tooth Phenomenon Using Bovine Teeth: A Pilot Study.

The pink teeth phenomenon has occasionally been observed in forensic autopsies. This study aimed to establish an experimental pink tooth model and an objective color tone evaluation method in order to clarify changes in the color tone of teeth and the relationship with hemoglobin monoxide and its decomposition products and with red pigment-producing bacteria, under various external environmental factors. It was confirmed that the color tone evaluation with ΔE and the L*C*h color space was useful. The results of various examinations using this model showed that color development was suppressed under aerobic conditions, faded early under light, became bright red under a low temperature and showed a tendency to be reddish at 3 days under high humidity and in the presence of soft tissue. The biochemical analysis revealed a significant increase in carboxyhemoglobin at 7 days and a tendency toward increasing the total heme pigment and bilirubin levels over time. The bacteriological analysis revealed that red pigment-producing bacteria increased over time but that the color faded after 7 days. These results suggest that putrefaction greatly affects the pink teeth phenomenon, whereas red pigment-producing bacteria have little effect on the occurrence of pink teeth. However, further studies are needed to clarify bacteriological involvement.

Impact of music performance anxiety on cardiovascular blood pressure responses, autonomic tone and baroreceptor sensitivity to a western classical music piano-concert.

Music Performance Anxiety (MPA) is a prevalent condition among musicians that can manifest both psychologically and physiologically, leading to impaired musical performance. Physiologically, MPA is characterized by excessive muscular and/or autonomic tone. This study focuses on the cardiovascular blood pressure responses, autonomic tone and baroreceptor sensitivity changes that occur during musical performance due to MPA. Six professional pianists perform a piece for piano written only for the left hand by Alexander Scriabin. The following parameters have been studied during the performance: ECG, non-invasive beat to beat continuous arterial blood pressure and skin conductance. Sympathetic and parasympathetic autonomic flow was studied with Wigner-Ville analysis (W-V) from R-R ECG variability, and baroreceptor sensitivity with the Continuous Wavelet Transform (CWT). During the concert a significant increase of heart rate, systolic, mean and diastolic arterial pressure were observed. No significant differences were found in skin conductance. The W-V analysis, which studies frequency changes in the time domain, shows a significant increase of sympathetic flow and a decrease of parasympathetic flow during the concert which is associated with a significant decrease in sympathetic and vagal baroreceptor sensitivity. The study of cardiac variability using the Wigner-Ville analysis may be a suitable method to assess the autonomic response in the context of MPA, and could be used as biofeedback in personalized multimodal treatments.

Modulation of Democracy: Partisan Communication During and After Election Campaigns

AbstractIt is well known that politicians speak differently when campaigning. The shadow of elections may affect candidates' change in tone during campaigns. However, to date, we lack a systematic study of the changes in communication patterns between campaign and non-campaign periods. In this study, we examine the sentiment expressed in 4.3 million tweets posted by members of national parliaments in the EU27 from 2018 to 2020. Our results show that (1) the opposition, even populists and Eurosceptics, send more positive messages during campaigns, (2) parties trailing in the polls communicate more negatively, and (3) that the changes are similar in national and European elections. These findings show the need to look beyond campaign times to understand parties' appeals and highlight the promises of social media data to move beyond traditional analyses of manifestos and speeches.

Patterns of Intonation in Central Kurdish A Study in Cognitive Phonology

The present study attempts to analyze intonation in Central Kurdish, the Sorani variety spoken in Slemani in Iraqi Kurdistan. Intonation refers to pitch fluctuations used by a speaker to express meanings. To carry out the analysis, the study embraces the theory of Cognitive Phonology. The study attempts to claim that there is a relationship between the pitch of a linguistic expression and its meaning. Accordingly, it is hypothesized that the meaning of an utterance is shaped by the particular intonation used by the speaker. The study has two aims. The first is to show that intonation, as a suprasegmental feature, is meaningful in Central Kurdish. The second is to show that using one pattern of intonation instead of another is the result of the construal dimension of perspective. As native Kurdish speakers, the researchers are being used as sources of data. One important finding is that Kurdish intonation is meaningful because using one pattern of intonation instead of another is consequential. A change in tone adds a specific tint of meaning to the utterance in spoken language.

Can PTSD be prevented? A novel approach to increasing physiological resilience: a pilot study.

Much of the U.S. adult population will experience a traumatic event at some point in their lives, resulting in about 20 million people developing posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and costing over $143 billion for healthcare. The Community Resilience Model (CRM) and Mental and Emotional Self-Management (MESM) are potential novel solutions for stemming the tide of PTSD diagnoses resulting from a traumatic event. This pilot study was conducted to examine the phasic and tonic changes in cardiac vagal tone in a non-traumatized sample population (N = 83) after a 1-week intervention. Group comparisons were conducted between the CRM (n = 26), MESM (n = 34), and Control (n = 23) conditions. Participants ranged in age from 18 to 30. A phasic effect on cardiac vagal tone was found for the MESM condition within subjects but not for the CRM or control conditions. A tonic effect on cardiac vagal tone was not found within subjects amongst the three conditions. The phasic effect in the MESM condition was significantly different between itself and the CRM and control groups. No tonic effects on cardiac vagal tone were found between conditions either. These results suggest cardiac vagal tone responds to focused breathing in the moment only, but more research with larger sample sizes, longer intervention duration, and better methods to track home practice compliance are needed before one accepts the insignificant results as valid. This pilot study can serve as an introduction to the study of physiological processes that might be trainable to increase resilience in non-traumatized populations and serve as a springboard for future studies of physiological resilience to traumatic stress.

Phonology of Adur Niesu in Liangshan, Sichuan

This study describes the segmental and suprasegmental phonology of Adur Niesu, a Loloish (or Ngwi) language spoken mainly in Liangshan, Sichuan, southwest China. Phonemically, there are 41 consonants, 10 monophthongs and 1 diphthong in Adur Niesu. All Adur syllables are open. Its segmental changes mainly happen to the vowels, featuring high vowel fricativization, vowel lowering, vowel centralization, vowel assimilation and vowel fusion. It is common for Adur Niesu syllables to be reduced in continuous speech, with floating tones left. There are three main types of syllable reduction: complete reduction including the segment and tone, partial reduction with a floating tone left, and partial reduction with the initial consonant left. Adur Niesu employs tones as an important means for lexical contrast, namely, high-level tone 55, mid-level tone 33, and low-falling tone 21. There is also a sandhi tone 44. There are two types of tonal alternation: tone sandhi and tone change. Tone sandhi occurs at both word and phrasal levels, and is conditioned by the phonetic environment, while tone change occurs due to the morphosyntactic environment. Finally, some seeming tonal alternation is the result of a floating tone after syllable reduction.

브랜드 수명 주기별 리뉴얼 전략에 따른 로고 리뉴얼 디자인

The purpose of this study is to find methods for logo renewal design according to the brand life cycle, considering the logo as an important visual tool that represents the brand identity in terms of brand management. This study was conducted through literature study on brand life cycle and brand renewal strategy, an expert survey on logo renewal design, and logo analysis of 35 food and beverage brands with statistical data to determine brand life cycle. The results of the study are three. First, the four stages(introduction, growth, maturity, and decline) of brand life cycle characteristics and renewal strategies were derived. Second, four brand renewal strategies(partial change, total change, repositioning, new image creation) and methods for logo renewal design were proposed based on the life cycle of the brand. Based on this, renewal characteristics for each life cycle were proposed. Third, visual elements of identity that are important depending on the brand life cycle and brand renewal strategy were found. It was found that the addition and subtraction of graphic elements and change of color tone are important in the partial change strategy of the growth period and maturity period, and that the change of signature color is important in the repositioning strategy and the creation of the new image.

Ayurvedic management of Ekkushtha w.s.r. to Psoriasis - A Case Study

The body's health and disease are reflected in the largest organ, the skin. All skin conditions are grouped under the Kushtha Roga category in the old Ayurvedic Samhitas. The skin has more cosmetic significance in today's society, which helps people feel more confident and like themselves while also cultivating a positive outlook. A persistent, non-infectious inflammatory skin condition known as psoriasis is characterized by well-defined erythematous plaques with a silvery scale. The main causes of the disease's worsening include psychological stress, physical injury, and gut dysbiosis. The patient experiences distress due to any change in skin tone on a mental and physical level. Daily activities are hampered by the patient's papulo - squamous skin lesion's scaling and itching, which is brought on by the autoimmune disease psoriasis. Due to how frequently it manifests, the disease has remained a serious problem. For this illness, there is no known cure. Although it offers symptomatic relief, modern medicine frequently has adverse long-term effects.

Normative cerebral microvascular blood flow waveform morphology assessed with diffuse correlation spectroscopy.

Microvascular cerebral blood flow exhibits pulsatility at the cardiac frequency that carries valuable information about cerebrovascular health. This study used diffuse correlation spectroscopy to quantify normative features of these waveforms in a cohort of thirty healthy adults. We demonstrate they are sensitive to changes in vascular tone, as indicated by pronounced morphological changes with hypercapnia. Further, we observe significant sex-based differences in waveform morphology, with females exhibiting higher flow, greater area-under-the-curve, and lower pulsatility. Finally, we quantify normative values for cerebral critical closing pressure, i.e., the minimum pressure required to maintain flow in a given vascular region.

Efektivitas Rom Pasif Terhadap Tonus Otot Pasien Post Opersi Fraktur Ektermitas : Evidence Based Case Report (Ebcr)

Fractures or broken bones are incidents of trauma to the bones with various causes. This condition results in damage to the bone and surrounding tissue, complications can occur in the limb bones if there is a lack of mobilization. Actions that can be taken to prevent more severe complications are by doing ROM motion exercises to check the strength of muscle tone. to determine the effectiveness of passive ROM on muscle tone in post extremity fracture patients. This type of research is a case study research. The focus in this study was the application of passive ROM training on muscle tone in extremity fracture patients. Results: there is a change in muscle tone in patients with post-extremity fracture after passive ROM. there are changes in muscle tone in patients with post-fracture extremities after passive ROM. Passive ROM can provide benefits to increase muscle strength in post-fracture patients in the extremities.

The Effect of Radial Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy (rESWT) on the Skin Surface Temperature of the Longissimus Dorsi Muscle in Clinically Healthy Racing Thoroughbreds: A Preliminary Study

Radial extracorporeal shock wave therapy (rESWT) is increasingly being used to treat musculoskeletal injuries in horses. The aim of this study was to assess the influence of rESWT on the skin surface temperature of the longissimus dorsi muscle in clinically healthy racing horses. A total of 24 thoroughbreds were divided into a study group (n = 12) and an rESWT-sham group (n = 12). The study group underwent rESWT, whereas the rESWT-sham group had rESWT without probe activation in the treated area. Both groups underwent thermographic examination before and just after rESWT to determine and compare skin surface temperatures. Palpation examination was performed after the first and second thermography examination to assess longissimus dorsi muscle tone. Additionally, thermographic examination was repeated 10 min after the rESWT. In both groups, there was an increase in skin surface temperature just after rESWT, and a decrease 10 min after it to below the initial value. In the study group, the skin surface temperature just after rESWT was higher than in the rESWT-sham group. Additionally, in the study group the average muscle tone before rESWT was significantly higher than just after the procedure, whereas in the rESWT-sham group the average change in muscle tone was not significant. The results proved that rESWT increases skin surface temperature of the longissimus dorsi muscle in clinically healthy horses. Further research is necessary in order to configure shockwave treatment with appropriate parameters for effective and safe therapy.

Simultaneous OSNR and chromatic dispersion monitoring based on optical tones power ratio

A novel technique is proposed for simultaneous monitoring of optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR) and chromatic dispersion (CD). The scheme is based on the cross-phase modulation effect in a highly nonlinear fiber, which induces a change in the optical tones according to the impairments. The power ratio of the optical tones at two separate frequencies is utilized for monitoring. Improvements in the maximum measurable OSNR, CD and dynamic range can be obtained using only the clock tone for the non-return-to-zero, return-to-zero with a 50% duty cycle differential quadrature phase-shift keying, differential phase-shift keying and on-off keying signals at 80 Gb/s. For the return to zero differential quadrature phase shift keying (RZ-DQPSK) system, the OSNR of 4–40 dB can be monitored with a 36.73 dB dynamic range, and a chromatic dispersion of 0–117 ps/nm can be monitored with a 48.68 dB dynamic range. A correlation is built to describe the relationship of the power ratio with the OSNR and chromatic dispersion which has a root-mean-squared error of 1.41. The delay group dispersion insensitivity, the impact of the input signal power, and the filter selection are investigated. The design enables accurate monitoring, simple operation and may be used in a wide range.

Torture and Metamorphosis in Exeter Book Riddle 261

The Exeter Book Riddles provide insight into how early English medieval people felt about their place in the non-human world by giving voice to many non-human creatures. Riddle 26 depicts the creation of a manuscript from the perspective of a sheep becoming a page. A close reading of the riddle reveals that the poem is divided into two nearly identical sections, which are built around the contrast between the fundamental and material elements of book-making and the cultural and religious utility of a manuscript.The riddle begins with the killing of the animal at the hands of an unknown foe and then follows the speaking subject through its forced metamorphosis. The employment of a first-person narrator establishes an empathetic bond between the animal speaking voice and the human audience. However, near the middle of the poem, the tone changes dramatically as the emphasis turns from animal materialism to human spirituality. The closing lines insist on the beauty of the craft, the cultural significance of the book and the spiritual advantages derived from it. As a result, the interaction between the two sections appears to call into question humanity’s position in the book-making process, while simultaneously highlighting the paradoxes in book creation and manuscript culture.

Comparative Study on AI Technology in PCOS Diagnosis

Abstract: With the help of AI, healthcare systems can process massive volumes of clinical data with pinpoint accuracy. Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a disorder that affects women of reproductive age and causes hormonal imbalances, and it is a prevalent health issue among young women. A hormonal imbalance is the root cause of menstrual irregularities. Women with polycystic ovary syndrome are more likely to experience significant weight gain, increased facial hair, acne, hair loss, skin tone changes, and irregular menstruation, which in rare cases can result in infertility. Since a correct diagnosis is vital to effective treatment, this essay will examine and contrast several machine learning methods. We will also talk about an artificial intelligence method that combines aspects of both heterogeneous ML and Deep Learning

The tonal morphology of the potential in Coatec Zapotec (Di′zhke′)

Abstract While the phenomenon of tonogenesis is well represented in the literature, diachronic tone change in already-tonal languages has received less attention. This paper considers two types of tonal morphology used to mark the “potential” inflectional category on verbs in Coatec Zapotec (aka Di′zhke′). Some verbs are marked with upstep. Coatec upstepped tones are emergent tonal contrasts that are developing out of high register allotones which assimilated to a historical high tone on a now-deleted preceding syllable. Other verbs display patterns of tone ablaut such that a verb with underlying low or falling tone surfaces with high or rising in the potential. Both upstep and tone ablaut in Coatec can be traced to an earlier floating high tone that could dock onto different syllables according to a set of ranked constraints. Using a combination of internal and comparative reconstruction, details of the earlier tonal system are revealed. This is the first published treatment of Proto-Zapotec tone since Swadesh (1947) and the first paper to address tone in Proto-Zapotecan and Proto Core Zapotec. *ʔ is revealed to have been a consonant through the Core Zapotec period, suggesting that the complex systems of phonation contrasts found in some Central Zapotec languages are a recent development. Cases of tonal contrasts developing out of phonation contrasts are known from Southeast Asia, but Zapotec phonation contrasts arose out of interaction between the glottal consonant and pre-existing tonal contrasts. An exploration of the morphological environments conducive to upstep leads to new discoveries about Zapotecan derivational voice prefixes and reveals the origins of perfective allomorphy.

THE APPLICATION OF KINESIOTAPE IN THROMBOLIZED PATIENTS WITH ISCHEMIC STROKE

The aim of the study was to investigate and compare different kinesitherapy techniques and their impact on the recovery of patients with ischemic stroke. Also, to investigate the effect of kinesiotaping on thrombolized patients. Materials and Methods. The study was conducted in 2014-2015 at the General Hospital for Treatment in Blagoevgrad - Neurology Department. The study contingent consisted of 20 patients, 10 of whom had an ischemic stroke and underwent venous thrombolysis (experimental group). In the other ten patients, no innovation was applied (control group). Results and analysis: In patients with a brain accident, the muscles in the affected limbs are hypotonic. From a kinesitherapeutic point of view, it is very important in the hospital setting not to allow a pathological increase in muscle tone without a precondition for spasticity in the muscles and subsequent contracture. In our study, we examined the change in muscle tone using the Ashworth test. All patients were tested on the day of hospitalization, on the 5th day and on the 7th day (the day of hospitalization), on the 30th day. Discussion. Kinesio tape provides maintenance of the affected muscles and causes significant proprioceptive irritation, which helps to restore the existing motor deficit. Conclusion. We believe that the choice of methodology is extremely difficult due to the colorful clinical picture and the general condition of the patient. The combination of different methods could help the patient recover faster.