Changes In Physiological Indices Research Articles

Safety profile evaluation of different herbicides used on peach rootstock seedlings.

To screen out suitable herbicides for peach nurseries, we treated the potted seedlings of the peach rootstock 'Nemaguard' with eleven herbicides under recommended doses to investigate the changes of physiological indices and comprehensively evaluate the safety of different herbicides using principal component analysis (PCA). The results showed that soil application of quizalofop-p exhibited no detectable phytotoxicity on rootstock seedlings, while the remaining herbicides generated multiple symptoms, including green loss, wilting, spot, and withering. Starane caused rapid wilting and death, with a 100.0% phytotoxicity index (PI). Soil application of n-(phosphonomethyl)glycine, glufosinate-ammonium, acetochlor, and MCPA-Na showed a PI＞65.0%. As compared with the control, all herbicides inhibited leaf area growth to varying degrees, with a 10.0%-56.2% and 5.8%-44.4% reduction in young leaf area and mature leaf area, respectively. All herbicides, except quizalofop-p, increased the electrolyte permeability of leaf and root tip cells by 21.2%-145.0% and 36.9%-291.4%, respectively, and significantly inhibited root growth. The total root length, root surface area, root volume, and the number of root tips significantly decreased by 37.3%-75.3%, 35.7%-83.0%, 44.3%-89.9%, and 42.6%-73.7%, respectively. Although net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and transpiration rate (Tr) of leaves were not significantly affected by quizalofop-p, mesotrione-atrazine, MCPA-Na·bentazone, bensulfuron-methyl·quinclorac, and bensulfuron-methyl·acetochlor, there was significant reduction of 29.6%, 28.9%, 28.4% and 27.9% in Pn and 21.9%, 29.2%, 26.4%, and 19.7% in Tr post soil application of n-(phosphonomethyl)glycine, glufosinate-ammonium, acetochlor, and MCPA-Na. The overall safety ranking of the 11 examined herbicides is as follows: quizalofop-p>bensulfuron-methyl·acetochlor>bensulfuron-methyl·quinclorac>esotrione·atrazine> auizalofop-p·fluoroglycofen>acetochlor>MCPA-Na·bentazone>MCPA-Na>n-(phosphonomethyl)glycine>glufosinate-ammonium>sterane.

Changes in Physiological Indices Before and After Nursing Care of Postoperative Patients With Esophageal Cancer in the ICU.

Various stressors have been identified in patients in the intensive care unit (ICU), including postoperative pain, ventilatory management, and nursing care. However, sedated patients are less responsive, and nurses have difficulty capturing their stressors. To investigate patient stress caused by nursing care performed in the ICU on sedated patients based on changes in physiological indices. We observed nursing care performed on patients with postoperative esophageal cancer under sedation in the ICU. This included endotracheal suctioning and turning, the time required for the care, and the patients' behavioral responses. Information on arousal levels, autonomic nervous system indices, and vital signs were also obtained. The changes in indicators before and after care were then compared and analyzed. There were 14 patients in the study. The mean age of the patients was 68 years. Ninety-nine scenes of nursing care were observed, and in six of these, additional bolus sedation was administered because of the patient's significant body movements. In endotracheal suctioning, no significant changes were observed in all indicators. In turning, vital signs changed significantly, and when both were continued, all indicators changed significantly. Our study found that different types and combinations of nursing care may cause different stresses to the patients. Moreover, the autonomic nervous system indices may be more likely to react to stresses in a variety of nursing care, while arousal levels may be more likely to react to burdensome stresses. If the characteristics of these physiological indicators can be understood and effectively utilized during care, it may be possible to better identify and reduce patient stress during sedation management.

Study on the Impact of Campus Green Space Biodiversity on the Physical and Mental Health of College Students

Green landscapes in colleges and universities have important effects on the physiological and psychological indicators of college students. Based on virtual reality technology and environmental emotion perception measurement technology, the article constructs three biodiversity virtual reality landscape green areas and measures the changes of physiological indexes (brain waves) and psychological indexes (anxiety level) during 68 subjects’ experience of virtual reality scenes to investigate the effects of different biodiversity green areas landscape on human physiological and psychological indexes. The results showed that: The biodiversity of the green space landscape had significant effects on physiological and psychological recovery, in which the high biodiversity environment had better recovery effects than the low biodiversity; however, students were more focused in the low biodiversity environment; the effects of the virtual green space landscape on physiological and psychological were consistent with the real environment.

CORRELAÇÃO ENTRE TREINAMENTO AERÓBICO E RESISTÊNCIA FÍSICA EM JOGADORES DE BASQUETE

ABSTRACT Introduction: Endurance is a quality that has been lacking in Chinese athletes. In most endurance sports training in China, there is a problem with attaching importance to high-intensity anaerobic training and ignoring aerobic training. The close combination of aerobic, strength and technical training is endurance training. A significant development trend in training. Objective: This study analyzes the relationship between aerobic training and physical endurance in basketball players. Methods: Basketball players were selected and randomly divided into groups through the analysis method with a questionnaire, observation method, and experimental method to analyze the relationship between aerobic exercise and physical endurance in basketball players. In this paper, the changes in physiological indicators of basketball players were recorded after aerobic exercise. Results: The physical endurance of basketball players were positively correlated with aerobic training time. The physiological indicators of basketball players and basketball skills after aerobic training were significantly improved (P<0.05). Conclusion: Aerobic exercise can improve basketball players’ physical endurance and overall physical fitness, helping them achieve good results in competitions. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

QUALIDADES FÍSICAS DOS ATLETAS DE PENTATLO MODERNO NOS TREINOS EM ALTITUDE

ABSTRACT Introduction: Modern pentathlon has high requirements for the physical, psychological, and tactical training of athletes, and practicing the five items as a whole in physical training is a problem that needs to be solved. Organizing the load of each item and the overall load may be a circumventable problem using the altitude training technique. Objective: This study aimed to test and evaluate the effects of altitude training on modern pentathletes’ athletic performance and functional status. At the same time, we analyzed the method’s influence on the athletes’ physical quality. The ultimate goal of this experiment is to improve the science of modern pentathlete training. Methods: Six athletes from the modern pentathlon team were selected as research subjects. Changes in physiological indicators of the test subjects before and after altitude training were recorded. Mathematical statistics were used to analyze the collected data. Results: The athletes’ hemoglobin during high-altitude training was significantly higher than before training (P<0.05). Other physiological indicators such as blood urea and high-density protein were not significantly different (P>0.05). Modern pentathlon performance of athletes after altitude training was significantly improved (P<0.05). Conclusion: Altitude training can improve the performance of modern pentathlon athletes. At the same time, this training method can also improve the athletes’ aerobic capacity. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

Transcriptomics-based analysis of genes related to lead stress and their expression in the roots of Pogonatherum crinitum.

Revealing plants' tolerance and transport genes to heavy metal stress play an important role in exploring the potential of phytoremediation. Taking the heavy metal lead (Pb) hyperaccumulator plant Pogonatherum crinitum (Thunb.) Kunth as the research object, a hydroponic simulation stress experiment was set up to determine the physiological indicators such as antioxidant enzymes and non-enzymatic antioxidants in the roots of P. crinitum under different Pb concentrations (0, 300, 500, 1000, 2000 mg·L-1). RNA-Seq was performed, the Unigenes obtained by transcriptome sequencing were enriched and annotated by Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) databases, and the differential expression genes (DEGs) of root were screened and verified by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The results are as follows: with the increase of Pb concentration, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbic acid (AsA) content increased. Peroxidase (POD), malondialdehyde (MDA), and ascorbic acid-glutathione (AsA-GSH) cycles showed low promotion with high inhibition. A total of 38.21 Gb of bases were obtained by transcriptome sequencing, and the base quality of each sample reached Q20 and Q30, accounting for 90%, making the sequencing results reliable. Combined with transcriptome sequencing, functional annotation, and qRT-PCR validation results, 17 root Pb-tolerant genes of P. crinitum were screened out, which were related to antioxidation, transportation, and transcription functions. Moreover, qRT-PCR verification results under different Pb stress concentrations were consistent with the transcriptome sequencing results and changes in physiological indicators. In brief, the root of P. crinitum can adapt to the Pb stress environment by up-regulating the expression of related genes to regulate the physiological characteristics.

Modulatory effect of camel milk on intestinal microbiota of mice with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common metabolic disease of life, usually caused by unhealthy diet and lifestyle. Compared to normal individuals, the structure of the intestinal flora of NAFLD patients is altered accordingly. This study investigates the effect of camel milk on the regulation of intestinal flora structure in mice with high-fat diet-induced NAFLD. NAFLD model was established by feeding C57BL/6J mice a high-fat diet for 12 weeks, meanwhile camel milk (3.0 g/kg/d), cow milk (3.0 g/kg/d), and silymarin (200 mg/kg/d) were administered by gavage, respectively. Food intake and changes of physiological indexes in mice were observed and recorded. The 16S rRNA gene V3-V4 region was sequenced and the intestinal flora diversity and gene function were predicted in the colon contents of mice from different group. The results showed that camel milk enhanced glucolipid metabolism by downregulate the levels of blood glucose and triglyceride (TG) in serum, reduced lipid accumulation by downregulate the level of TG in the liver and improved liver tissue structure in NAFLD mice (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, camel milk had a positive modulatory effect on the intestinal flora of NAFLD mice, increasing the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria and decreasing the relative abundance of harmful bacteria in the intestinal flora of NAFLD mice, and silymarin had a similar modulatory effect. At the genus level, camel milk increased the relative abundance of Bacteroides, norank_f_Muribaculaceae and Alloprevotella and decreased the relative abundance of Dubosiella and Coriobacteriaceae_UCG-002 (p < 0.05). Camel milk also enhanced Carbohydrate metabolism, Amino acid metabolism, Energy metabolism, Metabolism of cofactors and vitamins and Lipid metabolism in NAFLD mice, thus reducing the degree of hepatic lipid accumulation in NAFLD mice and maintaining the normal structure of the liver. In conclusion, camel milk can improve the structure and diversity of intestinal flora and enhance the levels of substance and energy metabolism in NAFLD mice, which has a positive effect on alleviating NAFLD and improving the structure of intestinal flora.

Integrated transcriptome and physiological analysis of rice seedlings reveals different cadmium response mechanisms between indica and japonica varieties

Cadmium (Cd) is one of the most toxic heavy metals to all plant species. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of Cd tolerance in rice remains largely unknown. In this study, the comparative changes of physiological indexes and gene expression patterns between the rice subspecies indica (‘LY0861’ variety) and japonica (‘ZH6’ variety) were evaluated under the same Cd stress. Biochemical and physiological analysis of malondialdehyde (MDA), H 2 O 2 , proline (Pro) and glutathione (GSH) contents and the antioxidant enzyme activities showed that ZH6 exhibited a stronger Cd detoxification capacity than LY0861. Meanwhile, we found that Cd was mainly distributed in the roots of both rice varieties and ZH6 had a lower Cd translocation ability than LY0861. The transcriptomic analysis revealed 4862 and 1849 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the shoots and roots of LY0861 between Cd-stressed plants and control, while 2085 and 4385 DEGs were found in the shoots and roots of ZH6, respectively. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis showed that more DEGs functioning in Phenylpropanoid biosynthesis’, ‘Plant hormone signal transduction’ and ‘Starch and sucrose metabolism’ were enriched in the shoots of LY0861 and in the roots of ZH6, respectively. Furthermore, MapMan pathway analysis indicated that the Cd-regulated genes related to the antioxidant defense system, cell wall synthesis, metal transporters, transcription factors and hormone metabolism were more active in the shoots of LY0861 and roots of ZH6 under Cd stress, and thus might be one of the key processes associated with the genotype difference in Cd tolerance and transport. Taken together, these findings provide new insights into the genome-wide transcriptome profiles of rice under Cd stress, as well as the selection of rice varieties and field management measures to mitigate Cd exposure in rice production. • Cadmium caused severe growth inhibition in both ZH6 and LY0861 varieties. • ZH6 had a stronger Cd tolerance and a lower Cd transportation capability than LY0861 • Key Cd-response genes and pathways were more active in the shoots of LY0861 and roots of ZH6. • Improving the understanding of the complex molecular response mechanisms of rice under Cd stress

GR24 alleviates the adverse effects of drought stress on physiology and photosystem II function in alfalfa (Medicago Sativa L.)

AbstractDrought is a major environmental stress that limits growth and development of plants. Strigolactone, a kind of carotenoid‐derived sesquiterpenoid hormone, plays an important role in resisting abiotic stress for plants. In this study, alfalfa (Medicago Sativa L.) WL‐712 was sprayed with GR24 (a synthetic strigolactone analog) at the concentration of 0.1 μM for 3 days under drought stress for 1 week. The results showed that GR24 treatment could increase the contents of soluble protein and soluble sugar and decrease the content of malondialdehyde, which negatively affected by drought stress in alfalfa. In addition, GR24 treatment significantly enhanced superoxide dismutase and the activities of peroxidase and catalase in alfalfa. The JIP test analysis also indicated that GR24 could alleviate photosynthesis negatively affected by drought stress. The expressions of genes related to photosynthesis were consistent with the changes of physiological indexes in alfalfa. This study indicated that GR24 could alleviate the adverse effects of drought stress on physiology and photosystem II function in alfalfa leaves.

Multimodal Assessment of Changes in Physiological Indicators when Presenting a Video Fragment on Screen (2D) versus a VR (3D) Environment.

The increasing role of virtual environments in society, especially in the context of the pandemic and evolving metaverse technologies, requires a closer study of the physiological state of humans using virtual reality (VR) for entertainment, work, or learning. Despite the fact that many physiological reactions to the content presented in various modalities under VR conditions have already been described, often these studies do not reflect the full range of changes in the physiological reactions that occur to a person during their immersion in the virtual world. This study was designed to find and compare the most sensitive physiological indicators that change when viewing an emotionally intense video fragment in standard format on screen and in virtual reality conditions (in a VR helmet). The research methodology involved randomly presenting a group of subjects with visual content-a short video clip-first on screen (2D) and then in a virtual reality helmet (3D). A special feature of this study is the use of multimodal physiological state assessment throughout the content presentation, in conjunction with psychological testing of the study participants before and after the start of the study. It has been discovered that the most informative physiological indicators reflecting the subjects' condition under virtual reality conditions were changes in theta rhythm amplitude, skin conductance, standard deviation of normal RR-intervals (SDRR), and changes in photoplethysmogram (PPG). The study results suggest that in the process of immersion in a virtual environment, the participants develop a complex functional state, different from the state when watching on screen, which is characterised by the restructuring of autonomic regulation and activation of emotion structures of the brain.

Biosynthesis of gold nanoparticles in the fruiting body of enoki mushrooms (Flammulina velutipes) under Pb2+ induction.

Fungi can produce many compounds, such as proteins, enzymes, amino acids, and polysaccharides, which are internalised and enriched for metals, and are widely used as reducing and stabilising agents for the biosynthesis of gold nanoparticles (Au NPs). Almost all fungal sources used in the synthesis of the Au NPs are in the form of cell filtrates or mycelial suspensions. However, the culture of cell-free fungal filtrate and mycelium is not comparable to the propagation of fungal substrates in input and operation. Here, we evaluated in vivo biosynthesis of Au NPs in enoki mushrooms (Flammulina velutipes). HAuCl4 was reduced in the fruiting body of the enoki mushrooms via induction by Pb2+ , resulting in the generation of Au NPs. We then employed UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy, Transmission Electron Microscope, and Energy Dispersive Spectrometer to characterise various shapes of the Au NPs. The elemental analysis indicated that the Au NPs were mainly concentrated in organelles of the stalk and cap cells. We also demonstrated that 0.3-0.5mM HAuCl4 was the optimal stress treatment concentration based on the changes in physiological indicators of the enoki mushrooms. This work reveals that fungi can be utilised well as nanomaterial bioreactors.

Hypoxic White Matter Injury and Recovery After Reoxygenation in Adult Mice: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings and Histological Studies.

Cognitive dysfunction and brain white matter (WM) injury have been found in adults exposed to hypoxia. However, the mechanisms underlying these impairments remain unclear, and moreover, it is also unclear whether these impairments are reversible after reoxygenation. In this study, adult male mice were exposed to hypoxia for 15days at a simulated altitude of 4300m and then reoxygenated for 2months. Control mice were raised under normoxic conditions. Mice showed a significant decrease inarterial oxygen saturation (SaO2)and an increase in heart rate and breath rate after hypoxic exposure, and they displayed anxiety-like emotion and impaired cognitions. Hypoxic mice showed decreased brain WM fractional anisotropy(FA) and increased mean diffusion (MD) mainly in the corpus callosum and internal capsule. The reason for the adult brain WM injury was myelin rather than axon. Further, the myelin injury was due to the obstruction of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) differentiation and eventually led to behavioral deficits. More importantly, the changes in physiological indicators, behavioral disorders, and WM injury caused by hypoxia can be recovered after reoxygenation. Taken together, our data indicate that adult brain WM injury caused by hypoxia is reversible after reoxygenation and enhancing OPCs differentiation may be a promising therapy for clinical hypoxic diseases associated with brain injury. Schematic diagram of brain WM and behavioral changes induced by hypoxia/reoxygenation in adult mice.

EFFECTS OF LIDOCAINE AND LIDOCAINE-BUPIVOCAINE MIXTURE IN INFRAORBITAL NERVE BLOCKS IN DOGS DURING OPERATIONS ON MAXILLARY TEETH

The use of local anesthetics reduces the intensity of pain stimuli during invasive procedures, thereby reducing postoperative pain intensity. The aim of the study was to determine the onset, duration and extent of regional blocks of the infraorbital nerve and its branches performed by injecting lidocaine and lidocaine-bupivacaine mixture into the infraorbital canal in dogs. Ten clinically healthy dogs, selected according to the principle of clinical analogues, were selected for the trial. Under general anesthesia, a pain stimulus was initiated by needle injection from the dorsolateral side into the gingiva of the maxillary canines, maxillary fourth premolars, and second molars. Changes in physiological indices were recorded on the patient's monitor.Heart rate and respiratory rate were measured. After baseline physiological indices were measured, 1 ml of 2% lidocaine solution was injected into the infraorbital canal (about two-thirds of the canal length) in one group and a mixture of 2% lidocaine and 0.5% bupivacaine (0.5 ml each) in the other group. Data were recorded for 4 hours.When infraorbital nerve blocks were performed in the first and second experimental groups of animals, anesthesia of the maxillary canine on the anesthetized side was achieved in 5 and 10 minutes, respectively. But nerve blocks of the fourth premolar and second molar were successful only in 2 dogs of the first group and 1 dog of the second group, respectively. The average duration of nerve block for the maxillary canine was 110 and 203 minutes after injection of lidocaine and lidocaine-bupivacaine mixture, respectively.Performing an infraorbital nerve block, as was done in this study, successfully blocks the innervation of the maxillary canine, but the results of nerve analgesia of the fourth premolar and second molar were inconsistent. This specific technique should not be used when extracting teeth caudal to the maxillary canine.

Application of insecticides on peppermint (Mentha × piperita L.) induces lignin accumulation in leaves by consuming phenolic acids and thus potentially deteriorates quality

Irrational use of pesticides may lead to physiological and metabolic disorders in different crops. However, there are limited investigations on impacts of insecticides on physiology and biochemistry, secondary metabolic pathways, and associated quality of medicinal plants such as peppermint (Mentha × piperita L.). In this study, target metabolites in peppermint were monitored following foliar spraying of five insecticides: imidacloprid, pyriproxyfen, acetamiprid, chlorantraniliprole, and chlorfenapyr. Compared with the control, all insecticide treatments caused a significant loss of soluble protein (decreased by 22.3–38.7%) in peppermint leaves. Insecticides induced an increase in the levels of phytohormones jasmonic acid and abscisic acid in response to these chemical stresses. Among them, imidacloprid increased jasmonic acid by 388.3%, and pyriproxyfen increased abscisic acid by 98.8%. The contents of phenylpropanoid metabolites, including rutin, quercetin, apigenin, caffeic acid, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, ferulic acid, syringic acid, and sinapic acid showed a decreasing trend, with pyriproxyfen decreasing the levels of quercetin and 4-hydroxybenzoic acid by 78.8% and 72.6%, respectively. Combined with correlation analysis, the content of lignin in leaves shows different degrees of negative correlations with several phenolic acids. It could be inferred that insecticides may trigger plant defense mechanisms that accumulate lignin (increased by 24.6–49.1%) in leaves by consuming phenolic acids to barricade absorption of insecticides. Through constructing networks between phytohormones and secondary metabolites, peppermint may regulate the contents of caffeic acid, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, and sinapic acid by the antagonistic effect between salicylic acid and abscisic acid in response to insecticidal stresses. Principal component analysis and systemic cluster analysis revealed that the most pronounced changes in physiological indexes and metabolites were caused by the pyriproxyfen treatment. In conclusion, this study improves our understanding of the mechanism by which insecticides affect plant physiological and metabolic processes, thus potentially altering the quality and therapeutic value of peppermint as an example.

Phosphorus Regulates the Level of Signaling Molecules in Rice to Reduce Cadmium Toxicity.

Phosphorus treatment can reduce Cd accumulation and Cd toxicity in rice, but alterations in the internal regulatory network of rice during this process have rarely been reported. We have removed the effect of cadmium phosphate precipitation from the hydroponic system, treated a pair of different Cd-response rice varieties with different levels of phosphorus and cadmium and examined the changes in physiological indicators and regulatory networks. The results demonstrated that phosphorus treatment significantly reduced Cd accumulation in both types of rice, although the antioxidant systems within the two types of rice produced opposite responses. Overall, 3 mM phosphorus treatment to Cd-N decreased the expression of OsIAA17 and OsACO1 by 32% and 37%, respectively, while increasing the expression of OsNR2 by 83%; these three genes regulate the synthesis of auxin, ethylene, and nitric oxide in rice. IAA and NO levels in rice shoots increased by 24% and 96%, respectively, and these changes contribute to Cd detoxification. The cadmium transporter genes OsHMA2, OsIRT1, and OsABCC1 were significantly down-regulated in Cd-N roots after triple phosphorus treatment. These data suggest that phosphorus treatment can reduce Cd accumulation and enhance Cd resistance in rice by affecting the expression of signaling molecules.

Effects of Exogenous Antioxidant Melatonin on Physiological and Biochemical Characteristics of Populus cathayana × canadansis ‘Xin Lin 1’ under Salt and Alkaline Stress

Salt and alkaline stress is one of the important problems restricting agricultural production and afforestation projects. This kind of stress will greatly limit the growth and development of forest trees. Recently, melatonin has been gradually realized as a strong kind of antioxidant due to its important regulatory and protective roles in the process of plant growth and development. This study takes Xin Lin 1 (Populus cathayana × canadansis ‘Xin Lin 1’) as the research object, and measures the changes of physiological indexes at different time points to verify the alleviation effect of melatonin under salt and alkaline stress. In this experiment, plants have different behaviors in the face of different levels of exogenous melatonin. Among them, low concentrations of melatonin (50 μM and 100 μM) were more helpful to reduce the levels of MDA and osmotic regulators in leaves. At this level, the SOD and CAT content in the leaves increased significantly. Melatonin at 800 μM was more inclined to induce POD, but its activity was not significantly induced. Overall, melatonin contributes to the secretion of ABA in plants and has a tendency to inhibit the content of SA. It is worth mentioning that the 100 μM melatonin treatment was more conducive to the secretion of IAA. To sum up, this experiment proves that melatonin has a dose effect in alleviating stress.

Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals Potential Gene Regulatory Networks Under Cold Stress of Loquat (Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.).

Loquat (Eriobotrya japonica Lindl. ) is one of the most economically important evergreen fruit crops in China, while it often suffered the injury of cold stress in winter and earlier spring, and the annual yield loss of loquat fruits caused by cold or freezing stress was immeasurable. However, knowledge about the physiological response and molecular mechanism under cold stress is still limited. To investigate the potential regulation mechanism pre- and post-cold stress in loquat and the changes in physiological indicators, a comparative transcriptome analysis was performed against a cold-resistant cv. “Huoju” and a cold-sensitive cv. “Ninghaibai”. The results of physiological indicators related to cold resistance indicated that rachis was most sensitive to cold stress and was considered as the representative organ to directly evaluate cold resistance of loquat based on subordinate function analysis. Here, we compared the transcriptome profiles of rachis pre- and under cold stress in “Huoju” and “Ninghaibai”. A total of 4,347 and 3,513 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected in “Ninghaibai” and “Huoju”, among which 223 and 166 were newly identified genes, respectively, most of them were functionally enriched in plant hormone signal transduction (Huoju: 142; Ninghaibai: 200), and there were higher plant hormone content and related DEG expression levels in “Huoju” than that of “Ninghaibai”. Moreover, a total of 3,309 differentially expressed transcription factors (DETFs) were identified, and some DEGs and DETFs were screened to be subjected to co-expression network analysis based on the gene expression profile data. Some candidate DEGs, including UDP-glycosyltransferase (UGT), glycosyltransferase (GT), sugar phosphate/phosphate translocator (SPT), sugar transport protein (STP), proline-rich receptor-like protein kinase (PERK), and peroxidise (POD), were significantly affected by cold stress, and the expression level of these genes obtained from real-time quantitative RT-PCR was consistent with the pattern of transcriptome profile, which suggested that these genes might play the vital roles in cold resistance of loquat. Our results provide an invaluable resource for the identification of specific genes and TFs and help to clarify gene transcription during the cold stress response of loquat.

Physiological Response of Different Cucumber Hybrid Combinations to Inoculation of Powdery Mildew

In order to study the physiological changes of different cucumber combinations in South China to powdery mildew, on the 0, 1, 3, 6 and 9 days after inoculation of powdery mildew, the changes of disease index, chlorophyll content, defense enzyme activity and osmoregulation substance content of 5 South China hybrid combinations were studied, and relationship between the changes of physiological indexes and the resistance of cucumber powdery mildew was analyzed. The results showed that, according to the disease index, the resistance of 5 cucumber combinations was graded, 18C-3 was disease resistance, 18C-2 and 18C-4 were medium resistance, 18C-1 and 18C-5 were susceptible; after inoculation of 5 cucumber combinations with powdery mildew, the content of chlorophyll decreased, and the content of chlorophyll in 18C-3 was higher than that in other combinations; The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidation(POD) and phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) of most combinations decreased first, and then increased. the activity of polyphenol oxidase (PPO) was up &ndash; down &ndash; up again. The activity of defense enzyme of resistant combination 18C-3 was significantly higher than that of other combinations, and maintained high proline (PRO) content and low malondialdehyde (MDA) content all the time, indicating that the resistant combination had stronger defense ability and resistance to membrane lipid peroxidation than the susceptible combinations. By analyzing the changes of physiological indexes and the relationship with resistance to powdery mildew of cucumber, the resistant combination of South China type was selected, which provided more theoretical basis for resistance identification and genetic breeding of cucumber powdery mildew.

Sports health quantification method and system implementation based on multiple thermal physiology simulation

Abstract People exercising under high ambient temperature will cause changes in physiological indicators. In order to study the thermal physiological state of the human body, we randomly selected 18 volunteers into the thermal environment exercise group and the room temperature exercise group. Two groups of volunteers performed aerobic exercises in different thermal environments. In the case of exercise performed every 15 min, the volunteers’ hemorheology, physical performance rating (RPE) value and rectal temperature (Tre) were tested. At the same time, we recorded the physiological indicators of the volunteers and simulated the thermal physiology. The results showed that there was a difference in the thermal physiology of the two groups of volunteers, and the hemorheology and the self-strain rating scale were highly correlated in the thermal environment (r=0.839, P&lt;0.01). For this reason, we can conclude that exercising in a hot environment will make people have a heavier heat stress response, and thus render them more likely to undergo muscle fatigue. It is advised that exercising at high temperatures may be avoided as much as possible.

Physiological indicators and subjective restorativeness with audio-visual interactions in urban soundscapes

The present study aimed to identify the trends of changes in physiological indicators and subjective restorativeness in response to audio-visual interactions in the environment. Four scenarios types were presented using four different modalities (video-sound, image-sound, sound-only, and video-only; each modality was evaluated by independent groups of subjects). The physiological responses and subjective restoration of subjects were measured to assess the interactions between the audio-visual modalities. These data were also analysed to determine the physiological and subjective differences between dynamic and static visual presentations. We found that with visual modalities, the heart rate (HR), heart rate variability (HRV) calculated using the standard deviation of the NN intervals (SDNNHRV), high-frequency band in the HRV power spectrum (HFHRV), alpha reactivity on electroencephalography, and skin temperature (ST) decreased; however, the beta reactivity on EEG and skin conductance level (SCL) increased. With auditory modalities, the SDNNHRV, HF-HRV, ST, and respiration depth decreased; however, the respiration rate and SCL increased. Use of static images and sound to reproduce the natural environment evoked more physiological comfort and subjective restorativeness. These findings could provide physiological insights for the theory of the restorative environment.