Changes In Physical Parameters Research Articles

Interrelations of physical state parameters and biological age of students in the process of physical education

Background and Study Aim. The objective of the study is to investigate the relationships of students' biological age (BA) with the parameters of functional and physical fitness (PF) in the process of adaptation to standard (university) and experimental physical education programs. Material and Methods. The studies were conducted at the National University of Telecommunications of Ukraine and involved 140 students aged 17-18 years old, comprising 80 boys and 60 girls. We recorded 55 indices of students' functional state and physical fitness, and determined their Body Mass Index (BMI). The experimental data were processed using methods of correlation, dispersion, and regression analysis. Mathematical models describing the relationships between BMI and key indicators of students' physical well-being were developed. Results. The impact of the program on 17-18-year-old students is marked by a decrease in BMI, an increase in the levels of physical fitness and overall well-being among both the experimental group of girls and boys. Additionally, there is a reduced correlation between BMI and the parameters of their physical health. The key indices of functional state and physical fitness determining the BMI of male and female students were identified. Multiple regression models were developed to illustrate the dependence of male and female BMI on somatic and functional indices. Quantitative characteristics of the degree of partial and total impact of key indices on male and female BMI were provided. It was found that the key indicators of students' physical state (PS) structure, which exerted the most significant influence on BMI, differ between young men and women. In young men, the key indicators influencing BMI include the following: Vital capacity (VC) accounts for 51.9% of BMI variation; self-perceived health status (SPHS) contributes 15.3%; static balancing (SB) affects 8.5%; inspiration breath-hold time (IBH) influences 8.4%; expiration breath-hold time (EBH) has a 0.8% impact; systolic blood pressure (SBP) plays a role with 4.6%; the number of sit-ups in 30 seconds (SU30s) is associated with 0.9%; and left hand muscle strength has a 0.6% influence. In girls, the key indicators are VC (34.5% of BMI variation), SBP (23.1%), and SB (7.9%). Conclusions. The experimental program of increased motor activity leads to an increase in the functional and motor capabilities of students, while simultaneously decreasing their BMI. Among the parameters studied, changes in vegetative parameters have the greatest impact on reducing students' BMI during the annual cycle of long-term adaptation to physical loads. In contrast, changes in somatic parameters and physical fitness parameters have a lesser influence on students' BMI. The calculated equations of multiple regression serve as model characteristics that reflect the relationships between BMI and the key indicators of functional state and physical fitness in 17-18-year-old students. These equations can be utilized to estimate, model, and predict the BMI of 17-18-year-old students of different genders when altering the parameters of their physical state in various conditions of daily life and activity.

Synchronization and firing mode transition of two neurons in a bilateral auditory system driven by a high–low frequency signal

The FitzHugh–Nagumo neuron circuit integrates a piezoelectric ceramic to form a piezoelectric sensing neuron, which can capture external sound signals and simulate the auditory neuron system. Two piezoelectric sensing neurons are coupled by a parallel circuit consisting of a Josephson junction and a linear resistor, and a binaural auditory system is established. Considering the non-singleness of external sound sources, the high–low frequency signal is used as the input signal to study the firing mode transition and synchronization of this system. It is found that the angular frequency of the high–low frequency signal is a key factor in determining whether the dynamic behaviors of two coupled neurons are synchronous. When they are in synchronization at a specific angular frequency, the changes in physical parameters of the input signal and the coupling strength between them will not destroy their synchronization. In addition, the firing mode of two coupled auditory neurons in synchronization is affected by the characteristic parameters of the high–low frequency signal rather than the coupling strength. The asynchronous dynamic behavior and variations in firing modes will harm the auditory system. These findings could help determine the causes of hearing loss and devise functional assistive devices for patients.

Physics-Informed Neural Networks for Quantum Control.

Quantum control is a ubiquitous research field that has enabled physicists to delve into the dynamics and features of quantum systems, delivering powerful applications for various atomic, optical, mechanical, and solid-state systems. In recent years, traditional control techniques based on optimization processes have been translated into efficient artificial intelligence algorithms. Here, we introduce a computational method for optimal quantum control problems via physics-informed neural networks (PINNs). We apply our methodology to open quantum systems by efficiently solving the state-to-state transfer problem with high probabilities, short-time evolution, and using low-energy consumption controls. Furthermore, we illustrate the flexibility of PINNs to solve the same problem under changes in physical parameters and initial conditions, showing advantages in comparison with standard control techniques.

Catalytic reduction behaviors of nitrogen oxides and its use in biomass combustion

How to effectively apply NOx control technology to the biomass combustion process has become a current research hotspot. Aiming at the characteristics that the nitrogen oxides produced in biomass combustion process are mainly from the nitrogen element of biomass fuel, this paper adopts the fuel classification - zone reduction method to control NOx. Firstly, the reaction behavior, kinetic characteristics and optimal reduction parameters of NO reduction by coke were explored in a fixed-bed reactor. And then, the elemental analysis, pore analysis, scanning electron microscopy and other characterization methods combined with reduction experiments were used to study the changes of physical property parameters, reduction capacity and denitrification efficiency of coke after loading Fe based catalyst. By understanding the NO-carbon heterogeneous reduction process, the optimal conditions for enhancing reduction efficiency will be revealed, such as temperature, oxygen content in flue gas, and catalyst loading. The findings will provide a theoretical basis and technical support for implementing carbon reduction in low-nitrogen biomass combustion.

Assessing Lipid Nanoparticle Protein Corona Formation and Cytocompatibility

Lipid nanoparticles(LNPs) represent an emerging new modality for mRNA delivery. Following administration and interaction with blood constituents, LNPs form a corona complex consisting of proteins adsorbed on the surface altering their stability, biological identity, and fate. Cytocompatibility of the LNPs is an important factor when considering their safety efficacy in delivering the encapsulated drug dose, lipid choice and the specific target cells. The aim of this study was to investigate the changes in LNP physical parameters in physiologically-relevant media. Key attributes such as particle size, polydispersity index and zeta-potential were measured using Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) and Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis (NTA). Cytocompatibility was assessed via CellTiter-Glo® assay. Following 24-hour incubation of LNPs with Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA), the LNP z-average increased from 92.4 (± 49.0) nm to 131.4 (± 64.9) nm indicating interaction between LNPs and BSA. A decrease in percentage cell viability was demonstrated with increased lipid concentration for MCF-7 and A549 cell lines. This work shows changes in LNP physicochemical properties in the presence of protein and biologically relevant conditions consistent with protein surface adsorption. The cytocompatibility of LNPs can be associated with the type of lipids used in the synthesis of LNPs.

Assessment of the solitary wave attenuation through pervious concrete breakwater

Breakwaters are coastal structures typically used to protect shorelines from coastal erosion by providing wave energy attenuation and reflecting amounts of wave currents. Traditional breakwaters made of impervious materials can have a significant environmental impact, disrupting the coastal ecosystem and altering natural wave patterns. In general, permeability has become an acquainted characteristic since it directly influences the interaction between the structure, the coastal zone behind it, and the lateral zone without structural protection, which makes pervious concrete a sustainable alternative to traditional concrete. In this study, pervious concrete is utilised as a permeable breakwater considering the influence of permeability introduced to deliver ecological friendliness defence for shorelines. A physical experiment was used to evaluate four models of structures that varied in porosity in order to study the physical properties and then analyse the performance of the pervious concrete breakwater over the solitary wave impact. Subsequently, the hydrodynamic scattering coefficient is analysed by considering changes in physical parameters. The results indicated that pervious concrete breakwater (PCB) could effectively work in the case of emergence due to the increased interaction between wave and structure. PCBs can effectively reduce wave reflection and increase wave transmission, with the magnitude of these effects increasing with porosity. The result indicated the potentiality of PCB to serve as a feasible alternative to traditional breakwaters for a prospective coastal protection structure by reducing the environmental impact as PCBs allow for the passage of water and other marine organisms, which can help maintain the health of coastal ecosystems. Finally, the structure of PCBs, which can be prefabricated, could reduce the complexity and time of installation, making them a cost-effective solution for coastal protection.

Study on the prediction method of ultra-micro adhesive transfer ratio based on controlling the change of physical parameters

Nowadays, there has been some development in micro/nano manufacturing technology, but many micro/nano components have not yet been applied as products in practice. This is because the application of ultra-micro encapsulation technology in the micro/nano field is one of the main obstacles. Ultra-micro encapsulation needs to reach the nL (10-9L) level. However, there are some problems with methods that can achieve nL-level encapsulation currently, such as the amount of adhesive output is uneven and uncontrollable. Therefore, this article proposes an ultra-micro dispensing method based on the principle of liquid transfer, which achieves adhesive transfer at the pL (10-12L) level. A way to ascertain the liquid’s transfer state based on the transfer ratio is proposed in response to the difficulty in determining the stretching speed when changes in the transfer state at the pL level. The roles of Ca, receding contact angle, and initial distance in various transfer states were investigated, and a prediction formula for the transfer ratio was derived based on the influence of three physical parameters on the transfer ratio. Verification has confirmed that the discrepancy between the predicted transfer ratio and the actual transfer ratio doesn’t surpass 3%.

WIRELESS SENSOR SYNCHRONIZATION METHOD FOR MONITORING SHORT-TERM EVENTS

Topicality. The key part of experimental research is obtaining the most accurate data about the studied object or event. Often, it is necessary to record parameters of processes that are c hallenging to precisely localize in space and time. The process or event under consideration can occur very rapidly, within fractions of a second, making it difficult for the researcher to deploy and configure recording equipment. This necessitates the creation of a network consisting of numerous recording devices to not miss critical events related to the studied process and obtain a sufficient volume of experimental data. Another issue is the synchronization of data obtained from different measurement devices. Spatially distributed recording devices must operate with a high degree of autonomy, leading to discrepancies in timekeeping and the need for synchronization. In processes with sub-millisecond durations, imperfections in timekeeping at each node have a significant impact: undetected and unaccounted discrepancies can lead to distortion or a misunderstanding of the overall picture of the studied process or event, even after acquiring all the necessary data. This is why the development and improvement of methods for synchronizing data recording nodes in distributed wireless sensor networks is important and urgent task. Task statement. One practical application of the proposed solution is the study of injuries caused by the penetration of foreign objects with high kinetic energy into the human body. These studies are conducted using artificial simulators of the human body made from composite materials and ballistic gelatin, with implanted electronic devices for recording changes in physical parameters. Results and conclusions. The article presents a hardware and software method, along with the technical implementation of the process for synchronizing the local clocks of wireless nodes, integrated into a unified information-measurement system located on the simulator. The proposed method allows achieving synchronization accuracy of no more than 12 μs/second using low-cost commercial off-the-shelf components. The practical part of the research discusses microprocessors from the ESP family, which, in general, provide sufficient time synchronization accuracy when using the proposed method, allowing for cost-effective node development within the system. The proposed method can also be applied in other fields, such as measuring vibrations in electrical machines and engines, as well as structural health monitoring.

Changes of physical and chemical parameters of organic and conventional carrots during storage

In industrialised countries, around 670 million tonnes of food are lost every year, much of it still fit for human consumption. Due to the special nutrient management of organic farming, root vegetables have a higher dry matter content and a lower nitrate content, which also affects their shelf-life. The effect of storage under domestic conditions was investigated in our experiments on organic and conventional carrot lots. It was found that packaged organic carrots in a 4°C environment showed the longest shelf life, lowest nitrate content and weight loss during household storage. The results of the experiment may contribute to lower food waste through changes in consumer habits.

Evaluation of the use of Idesia polycarpa Maxim protein coating to extend the shelf life of European sweet cherries.

Idesia polycarpa Maxim protein was used as a substrate to prepare a novel food packaging material with bioactive functions for encapsulating and extending the postharvest shelf life of sweet cherries. The film-forming solution was prepared from a mixture of Idesia polycarpa Maxim protein, glycerol, and gelatin, and was cast to form a film at room temperature and evaluated for mechanical, optical, structural, crystallinity, thermal properties, morphology, and antioxidant activity. Idesia polycarpa Maxim protein composite film solution was applied as an edible coating on sweet cherries and evaluated for changes in physical and biochemical parameters of sweet cherries in storage at 20°C and 50% relative humidity for 9 days. The results showed that the film tensile strength increased from 0.589 to 1.981 Mpa and the elongation at break increased from 42.555% to 58.386% with the increase of Idesia polycarpa Maxim protein concentration. And in the in vitro antioxidant assay, IPPF-4.0% was found to have the best antioxidant activity, with scavenging rates of 65.11% ± 1.19%, 70.74% ± 0.12%, and 90.96% ± 0.49% for DPPH radicals, ABTS radicals, and hydroxyl radicals, respectively. Idesia polycarpa Maxim protein coating applied to sweet cherries and after storage at 20°C and 50% relative humidity for 9 days, it was found that the Idesia polycarpa Maxim protein coating significantly reduced the weight loss (54.82% and 34.91% in the Control and Coating-2.5% groups, respectively) and the loss of ascorbic acid content (16.47% and 37.14% in the Control and Coating-2.5% groups, respectively) of the sweet cherries, which can effectively extend the aging of sweet cherry fruits and prolong their shelf life. The developed protein film of Idesia polycarpa Maxim with antioxidant activity can be used as a new food packaging material in the food industry.

Hydromorphodynamics modeling of dredging and dumping activities in Mirim lagoon, RS, Brazil

This study aims to employ a combination of numerical models to simulate bed evolution under various operational strategies within two navigation channels in Mirim Lagoon, Brazil. The model simulations accurately represent the water levels within the lagoon. These findings suggest that river discharge plays a pivotal role in shaping the temporal patterns of sediment transport within the system. The morphodynamic model reveals that sediment transport and bed evolution primarily occur in a southwest-to-northeast direction, following the flow of water. The greatest sediment accumulation is observed in the central and southern regions of the lagoon. Our results confirm that channel dredging induces significant variations in lagoon physical parameters, such as current velocity. The bed evolution results indicate that rapid siltation of the channel follows dredging, suggesting a substantial increase in bottom evolution within the navigation channels compared to the unaltered scenario. Our findings highlight that the utilization of hydromorphodynamic modeling, with a particular emphasis on dredge-and-dump strategies, can serve as a precise methodology to enhance natural mechanisms that positively influence channel depth and stability. This approach also enables us to predict unfavorable changes in physical parameters over both the medium and long term.

Research on Neutronics Safety Parameters of the AP1000 Nuclear Reactor under Different Conditions

Changes in temperature during reactor operation may cause changes in physical parameters, leading to core overheating and accidents. It is essential to analyze and assess the safety parameters of the core under different operating conditions. This paper investigates the effects of fuel temperature, moderator density, boron concentration, and control rod state on AP1000 safety parameters. The study uses RMC and NJOY to calculate the changes in reactivity factor, effective delayed neutron fraction, and neutron generation time of the AP1000 reactor under different operating conditions. The changes in reactivity coefficients, neutron fluxes, and relative power densities of AP1000 reactors are analyzed for normal and accidental operating conditions. The results indicated that the reactivity coefficient remained negative under accident conditions, which ensured the safe operation of the reactor. The delayed neutron fraction, neutron flux, and power density distributions are affected by fuel temperature, moderator density, and control rod position. The control rod worth was sufficient for the emergency shutdown of the reactor under accidental conditions. It is demonstrated that the operation of the AP1000 reactor under study conditions is safe and controllable.

Molecular dynamics simulation of the heterostructure of the CoCrFeMnNi high entropy alloy under an impact load

There have been numerous experimental studies conducted on the CoCrFeMnNi high entropy alloys (HEAs) at the macroscopic level. However, it is challenging to quantitatively analyze the shock behavior of the HEAs from a microscopic level through experiments. In this study, we construct single-crystal, twin-crystal, multilayer, hole, and two-phase structures of the CoCrFeMnNi HEAs using the molecular dynamics method. The effects of impact loading on the microscopic level are investigated for CoCrFeMnNi HEAs with different structures. By analyzing the evolution of their microstructure and the changes in physical parameters, the response laws and propagation characteristics of shock waves in various heterogeneous of CoCrFeMnNi HEAs are revealed at the atomic scale.

Variations in NT-proBNP Levels in Pregnant Patients with and without SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Consequences for the Newborns.

NT-proBNP (N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide) has a high negative predictive value for ruling out heart failure, a disorder linked with volume overload of the ventricles, and is used for diagnosis, prognosis, and risk stratification. Pregnancy causes in healthy women changes in physical and hemodynamic parameters and appears to be a risk factor for severe COVID-19 illness. The purpose of this study is to highlight the significance of monitoring NT-proBNP levels during pregnancy, particularly in patients who were infected with COVID-19 during pregnancy or were infected with the virus while giving birth. The findings of this comparative research indicate the importance of NT-proBNP in terms of foetal prognosis and birthweight. We collected blood samples to measure NT-proBNP concentrations from a cohort of 186 pregnant patients divided into two groups based on the presence of SARS-CoV-2 viral infection. Elevated NT-proBNP had an unfavourable implication on the newborn birth weight and Apgar score and expressed its influence on lower values. We consider that NT-proBNP testing in pregnant patients, especially those with COVID-19 infection, can be relevant and be used as a predictive marker to be taken into consideration when it comes to management, outcome, and treatment regarding pregnant patients and their newborns.

Predictive Model for Relative Permeability Using Physically-Constrained Artificial Neural Networks

Summary Hysteresis of transport properties like relative permeability (kr) can lead to computational problems and inaccuracies for various applications including CO2 sequestration and chemical enhanced oil recovery (EOR). Computational problems in multiphase numerical simulation include phase labeling issues and path dependencies that can create discontinuities. To mitigate hysteresis, modeling kr as a state function that honors changes in physical parameters like wettability is a promising solution. In this research, we apply the state function concept to develop a physics-informed data-driven approach for predicting kr in the space of its state parameters. We extend the development of the relative permeability equation-of-state (kr-EoS) to create a predictive physically-constrained model using artificial neural networks (ANNs). We predict kr as a function of phase saturation (S) and phase connectivity (χ^), as well as the specific S-χ^ path taken during the displacement while maintaining other state parameters constant such as wettability, pore structure, and capillary number. We use numerical data generated from pore-network modeling (PNM) simulations to test the predictive capability of the EoS. Physical limits within S-χ^ space are used to constrain the model and improve its predictability outside of the region of measured data. We find that the predicted relative permeabilities result in a smooth and physically consistent estimate. Our results show that ANN can more accurately estimate kr surface compared to using a high-order polynomial response surface. With only a limited amount of drainage and imbibition data with an initial phase saturation greater than 0.7, we provide a good prediction of kr from ANN for all other initial conditions, over the entire S-χ^ space. Finally, we show that we can predict the specific path taken in the S-χ^ space along with the corresponding kr for any initial condition and flow direction, making the approach practical when phase connectivity information is unavailable. This research demonstrates the first application of a physics-informed data-driven approach for the prediction of relative permeability using ANN.

ANALISIS AUDIT DOSIS SEBAGAI UPAYA OPTIMISASI PADA PEMERIKSAAN CT ABDOMEN INTRAVENOUS (IV) DI RUMAH SAKIT UMUM PUSAT ADAM MALIK MEDAN

Audits are conducted on CT scan examinations using dose metrics to assess the need for optimization in computed tomography procedures. Diagnostic reference levels (DRL) provide an indicator that helps optimize patient medical exposure by adhering to the recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP). In the radiology unit at Adam Malik Hospital, efforts were made to reduce the radiation dose given to patients during CT abdominal IV examinations by using the lowest possible radiation dose without compromising image quality. The CT scans were carried out on 1526 patients using a Philips Ingenuity brand CT Scan, type MRC880, serial number 168014, and a built-in phantom as a patient representation. The radiation output was represented by the volumetric computed tomography dose index (CTDIvol) and dose length product (DLP). The physical parameters of tube voltage (kV) and pitch were evaluated to optimize the CT abdominal IV dose. At the same time, the Signal Difference to Noise Ratio (SDNR) was used to analyze image quality for each change in physical parameters. The results of dose audit data for CT abdominal IV patients, when using parameters of 120 kV and 1.1-1.2 pitch, obtained a Q2 value of 1452 mGy.cm higher than I-DRL of 1360 mGy.cm. Data from measurements with a phantom at 100 kV and 1.40-1.48 pitch showed a lower dose than the previous parameters. CT abdominal IV patient dose data with 100 kV and 1.40 -1.48 pitch showed that the DLP value in Q2 was 755 mGy.cm, lower than the previous measurement of 1452 mGy.cm. This means that there was a 52% decrease in dose after changing the parameters of 100 kV and 1.40 -1.48 pitch with image quality remaining optimal. The highest SDNR value of 12 was obtained at 100 kV and 1.48 pitch. The results indicate that it is necessary to establish a new protocol for CT abdominal IV with parameters of 100 kV and 1.40 -1.48 pitch for adult patients over 15 years of age. Keywords: optimization, radiation dose, image quality, CT abdomen

OPTIMISASI DOSIS DAN KUALITAS CITRA PADA PEMERIKSAAN PULMONARY ARTERY CATHETER (PAC) DAN PERCUTANEUS CORONARY INTERVENTION (PCI) SEBAGAI UPAYA PROTEKSI RADIASI PASIEN DI CATHLAB RSUP ADAM MALIK MEDAN

The radiation exposure a patient receives during diagnosis and treatment cannot be fully avoided. However, it is crucial to optimize the radiation dose to ensure it is only as much as needed. The purpose of this study is to minimize the patient's radiation exposure during interventions and produce optimal image quality. To accomplish this, dose optimization and image quality were evaluated during PAC and PCI procedures in the Cathlab room at Adam Malik Hospital using Philips Allura Xper FD20. The study was retrospective, using patient dose audits from January 2020 to February 2023, with 250 PACs and 139 PCI mature patients. The median dose value (Q2) was compared to the National diagnostic reference level (NDRL) third quartile (Q3) value to determine optimal patient dose levels. We used a 28 cm PMMA phantom and a 2 cm imaging quality in-house phantom to represent the patient and a solid-state detector to measure surface dose. Medical physicists, radiographers, cardiologists, and nurses worked together in optimization cycles to ensure dose levels were kept to a minimum. Image quality was assessed by calculating the signal difference-to-noise ratio (SDNR), and images were recorded in DICOM format and analyzed using Image J software. Entrance Surface Air Kerma (ESAK) values were recorded to calculate Figure of Merit (FOM) values for each change in physical parameters. The study showed that the distance between the image detector and the object significantly affects the patient's dose. A distance of 14 cm resulted in a higher dose than a distance of 2 cm. The SDNR value varied with the object image distance (OID) factor, and increasing the object's distance to the image detector did not increase the SDNR value. Setting the OID spacing to a minimum is recommended for PAC and PCI procedures to minimize the patient's radiation exposure. The FOM values were affected by both the ESAK and SDNR values. Keywords: Dose Optimization, Image Quality, objek to image distance (OID), Pulmonary Artery Catheter, Percutaneous Coronary Intervention, Cathlab.

Environmental flow assessment for intermittent rivers supporting the most poleward mangroves

The most vulnerable and dynamic ecosystems in terms of response to climate change and fluctuations in hydrological conditions are mangroves, particularly those located on the edge of their latitudinal range limits. The four primary Iranian mangrove forest sites: Nayband, Qeshm, Gabrik, and Govatr, located in the northern part of the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman already exist near the limit of their tolerance to extreme temperature, precipitation, and salinity. Due to extreme climate conditions at these locations, the mangrove trees are usually smaller and less dense as compared with mangroves closer to the equator complicating their monitoring and mapping efforts. Despite the growing attention to the ecological benefits of mangrove forests and their importance in climate change mitigation, there are still a few studies on these marginal mangroves. Therefore, we investigated whether the variation in mangrove ecosystem health is related to the changes in physical parameters and differs between estuarine and sea-side locations. We developed a comprehensive database on NDVI values, associated rainfall, temperature, and river flow based on in-situ and remote sensing measurements. By understanding the normal hydrologic patterns that control the distribution and growth of mangroves in arid and semi-arid regions, we are questioning the need for environmental flow allocation to restore mangrove ecosystem health. This brings us to the second gap in the literature and the need for further studies on Environmental Flow assessment for intermittent and ephemeral rivers. Alike other mangroves studied, forests showed greenness seasonality, positively correlated with rainfall, and negatively correlated with temperature. As there was no clear difference between estuarine and marine sites, freshwater influence in the form of river flow, unlike temperature, cannot be considered a major limiting factor. Nevertheless, during prolonged droughts mangroves could benefit from the recommended allocation of Environmental Flow during the cold period (November–March).

Fatty Acid Profile, Volatile Organic Compound, and Physical Parameter Changes in Chicken Breast Meat Affected by Wooden Breast and White Striping Myopathies.

The aim of this research was to determine the impact of pectoralis major myopathies on the physical parameters, fatty acid (FA) profile, and volatile organic compound (VOC) composition of chicken breast meat. Samples were collected from pectoralis major of broilers with varying severity scores (normal, mild, and severe) of wooden breast (WB) and white striping (WS) myopathies. Chicken breast meat affected by severe myopathies expressed higher cooking loss, drip loss (p < 0.001), and yellowness (p < 0.05) compared to those of samples that were taken from broilers without myopathies (normal). The amount of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) was significantly higher in samples affected by mild and severe myopathies than in those without myopathies (p < 0.05). There was significantly more aldehyde hexanal in muscles affected by mild and severe myopathies than in muscles without myopathies (p < 0.05). In conclusion, WB and WS myopathies of the breast muscle not only affected the physical parameters of broiler meat but also may have influenced its FA profile and VOC composition. Additionally, an elevated amount of hexanal in muscles affected by WB together with WS suggests that oxidative stress could be important in the etiopathogenesis of WB and WS myopathies. Therefore, poultry meat affected by myopathies have the potential to alter breast meat flavor and composition.

Does Idiopathic Subglottic Stenosis Length and Location Change with Serial Endoscopic Interventions?

The aim was to assess changes in physical parameters of subglottic stenosis (SGS) following serial endoscopic surgical intervention. This was a retrospective chart review. A retrospective review of 52 idiopathic subglottic stenosis (iSGS) patients undergoing multiple endoscopic (excision/dilation) procedures between 2014 and 2022 was completed. Parameters including proximal stenosis distance from the vocal process and total stenosis length collected intraoperatively were compared over serial treatments. Differences between patient variables affecting distances from the vocal process and mean stenosis length were statistically analyzed utilizing nonparametric estimators including the Mann Whitney U, Fisher exact, and linear regression models. For the cohort of iSGS patients (N = 52), the mean age was 55.1 (±15.1). The patients were predominantly female (96.2%) and Caucasian (84.6%). Patients underwent an average of 3.4 (±1.3) endoscopic procedures for long-term treatment of iSGS (range: 1 to 5 procedures). Patients undergoing a total of two (2) total procedures within the data collection window demonstrated a statistically significant decrease in mean stenosis length between the first and second procedures (p = 0.014). Changes in distance of the stenosis from the glottis was not found to be statistically significant (p = 0.833). There was a statistically significant decrease in mean length of stenosis from the 1st to the 2nd procedure by approximately 0.11 cm (p = 0.0003). No additional statistically significant differences in stenosis length or location were detected. Serial endoscopic excision/dilation procedures (the mainstay of iSGS surgical management) do not appear to significantly lengthen intraluminal stenosis nor change the distance of the stenosis from the glottis. 4 Laryngoscope, 134:1769-1772, 2024.