Personality Changes Research Articles

The Impact of the Evaluation of Individual's Appearance from Social Media Platforms on Contemporary High School Student's Personality

The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of social media on self-perception and personality development of high school students, with an added focus on the positive correlation between social media usage and self-perception. While there are limitations to the data collection process, the analysis suggests that increased social media use is associated with increased pressure to adhere to appearance standards. High school students' self-evaluation of their own appearance, attention to peers' appearance, and media interactions with peers all contributed to changes in perception and personality. Understanding these dynamics is critical for educators, parents, and researchers when it comes to the impact of social media on adolescent development. Future studies should establish a target number for data collection to ensure more robust findings. This study provides insight into the complex relationship between social media, self-perception, and personality development among high school students.

Exploratory Factor Model of Perceived Violence in the COVID-19 Era

Aims: This study aims to interpret the knowledge networks of students regarding dating violence, marital therapy and expectation of the relationship. Background: From the review of the theories of the cycle of violence, gender violence and the social construction of masculine and feminine identities, carried out a non - experimental, exploratory and descriptive study with a nonrandom selection of students a public university to establish a balance and a prospective expectation of violence. Methodology: They conducted interviews in the department of psychology at the public university. Participants are guaranteed the confidentiality of information and were informed that the study results do not directly or indirectly affect their academic status as only sought to investigate some related to the experience of living with parents’ speeches separately or together. Results: The results show that synaptic weights are explained by incoming, and outgoing latent layers on the pre-contemplation of violence, contemplation of aggressive relationships and personal change. Lines alluding to the kind of relationship research, negotiation and consensus decision making to warn couple conflicts.

A purposeful design for transformative networked learning in an online doctoral programme

In recent years, there has been a growing effort within a research community of NL to re-define the notion of NL and re-configure the landscape of NL practice. The present authors, who are also members of the NL community, aim to contribute to such a collective effort by filling an existing gap in the ongoing conversation—the community has mainly focused on promoting and facilitating the “network” part of NL while assuming and neglecting the “learning” part. The article first argues that the ultimate purpose of NL is to create meaningful personal and social changes: transformative NL. Therefore, the emphasis of the transformative NL design should not be restricted to facilitating learner interactions and knowledge acquisition inside an online course but expanded to helping learners’ holistic development that leads to meaningful changes in their lives outside the course. The article then proposes a “purposeful” design framework including three levels of interconnected NL communities that need to be considered when designing transformative NL: i) internal NL community in an online course that aims to transform individual students’ perspectives through tutor-driven collaborative learning, ii) external NL community in students’ real-life contexts that aims to transform group perspectives through student-driven collaborative practice, and iii) social NL community in broader contexts (or society as a community) that aims to transform social perspectives through community-driven collective action. The article also provides a brief illustration of purposeful NL design in an online doctoral programme in which the authors’ teaching and research praxis is situated.

Alzheimer's Disease and Vascular Dementia, Connecting and Differentiating Features.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VD) are the leading causes of dementia, presenting a significant challenge in differential diagnosis. While their clinical presentations can overlap, their underlying pathologies are distinct. AD is characterized by the accumulation of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, leading to progressive neurodegeneration. VD, on the other hand, arises from cerebrovascular insults that disrupt blood flow to the brain, causing neuronal injury and cognitive decline. Despite distinct etiologies, AD and VD share common risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia. Recent research suggests a potential role for oral microbiota in both diseases, warranting further investigation. The diagnostic dilemma lies in the significant overlap of symptoms including memory loss, executive dysfunction, and personality changes. The absence of definitive biomarkers and limitations of current neuroimaging techniques necessitate a multi-modal approach integrating clinical history, cognitive assessment, and neuroimaging findings. Promising avenues for improved diagnosis include the exploration of novel biomarkers like inflammatory markers, MMPs, and circulating microRNAs. Additionally, advanced neuroimaging techniques hold promise in differentiating AD and VD by revealing characteristic cerebrovascular disease patterns and brain atrophy specific to each condition. By elucidating the complexities underlying AD and VD, we can refine diagnostic accuracy and optimize treatment strategies for this ever-growing patient population. Future research efforts should focus on identifying disease-specific biomarkers and developing more effective neuroimaging methods to achieve a definitive diagnosis and guide the development of targeted therapies.

Reflections on How What We Say, Do, and Acknowledge as Intellectual and Developmental Disability Researchers Matters.

This article highlights reflections by the author on the importance of considering what we say, do and acknowledge in intellectual and developmental disability research. The goal is to advance thinking that can lead to personal and collective change in our approaches to truly share power and elevate the expertise of people with lived experience with intellectual and developmental disabilities in the movement for equity, inclusion, and disability justice. Implications for inclusive research, policy, and practice are discussed as is the need to engage in personal reflection and build new partnerships for collective change.

Interpersonal dynamics of traumatic brain injury within romantic relationships described in online forums

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) can have serious consequences for people’s physical health and the quality of their romantic relationships. Less clear, however, are the interpersonal dynamics of couples navigating the aftermath of TBI. We used data scraping techniques to capture five years of posts submitted to online help-seeking forums, and we analyzed the resulting 349 single-spaced pages of data using codebook thematic analysis. Both TBI survivors and partners reported the focal themes of personality changes and relationship changes. TBI survivors emphasized a lack of understanding that led to grief and loss, relational uncertainty, and isolation. Partners reported poor treatment that culminated in negative emotions and relational uncertainty. The data showed notable similarities and differences between TBI survivors and partners. We interpret the results via four prominent theories of marriage and family relationships: ambiguous loss theory, relational turbulence theory, the theory of resilience and relational load, and family systems theory. Overall, our findings shed light on interpersonal dynamics after TBI and lay a foundation for future theoretical and clinical advances.

Multiple brain abscesses caused by Nocardia farcinica infection after hand injury: A case report and literature review.

Nocardia infection is commonly regarded as an opportunistic pulmonary pathogen affecting debilitated or immunocompromised individuals. Brain abscesses caused by Nocardia farcinica are rare and pose a diagnostic challenge. Traditional diagnostic techniques for identifying Nocardia species, such as blood culture, microscopy, and pathology, have shown inadequate performance. In the reported case, we applied metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) to diagnose a case of brain abscess due to N. farcinica. A 66-year-old female developed a brain abscess after sustaining a hand injury. The patient exhibited a gradual change in personality and experienced tremors in her right upper limb for a duration of 1 month. The pathogen responsible for the multiple brain abscesses was identified in the cerebrospinal fluid as N. farcinica through mNGS. Antibiotic treatment included trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, linezolid, amikacin, meropenem, and moxifloxacin. The patient's symptoms and signs improved significantly after administration of antibiotics to which the pathogen is known to be sensitive. After 5 months of follow-up, magnetic resonance imaging of the head showed that the abscess was basically cured. The patient lived a normal life with no adverse drug reactions. Nocardia brain infection is characterized by an insidious onset and lacks distinctive clinical and imaging features. mNGS was advantageous for the timely identification and management of Nocardia-associated brain abscess in the present case and obviated the need for invasive brain surgery. Expeditious and precise diagnosis coupled with prompt antibiotic therapy can significantly reduce the mortality rate associated with this condition.

Determination of the Presence of Potassium Bromates in Bread Samples Produced in Azare

Introduction/background: To improve bread texture, taste, elasticity of the dough, appearance and sometimes aroma, some ingredients are usually added. However, these ingredients are known to produce adverse health effects over a period of time or if taking in large quantities. One of the commonest food additives is potassium bromate, due to its low cost and being the most efficient oxidizing agent, potassium bromate has been the common choice among bakers and flours millers to raise the dough elasticity and improve texture. Potassium bromate is known to produced reproductive damage, repeated exposure can cause bronchitis, irritability, impaired thinking, personality changes and damage to the kidneys. Larger than recommended quantities should therefore be avoided in processed foods such as bread. Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the presence and the level of potassium bromate in some selected bread samples produced in Azare. Azare is the headquarter of Katagum Local government area of Bauchi state Nigeria. Methods: Bread samples were collected from nine different bakeries that were sited within Azare. And these are the major breads produced and consumed in Azare town and neighboring villages. The bread samples were subjected to both qualitative and quantitative assay to determine the presence and level of the potassium bromate. The qualitative assay was conducted using simple qualitative method where color change (yellow to purple) produces when potassium bromates react with potassium iodide indicate presence of the potassium bromate. While the concentration of the potassium bromate in the bread samples was determine using spectrophotometric analysis measured at 620 nm. The linear regression curve derived from the standard solutions of Potassium bromate was used to calculate the concentration of potassium bromate levels in the bread samples. Results: The results indicated that bread produced in 5 of the 9 bakeries used in this study contained potassium bromate level within the recommended FDA and NAFDAC permissible level of 0.02ug/g and below. While the remaining four samples contained potassium bromate level higher than the NAFDAC recommended level. Overall, the potassium bromate level across the selected bakeries in this study conducted in Azare town Katagum local government of Bauchi state Nigeria was found in range between -0.91ug/g to 0.40ug/g.

Influence of Depression and Loneliness on Suicidal Behaviour Among Public University Students in Malaysia

Suicide is a serious and curable public health issue that is alarming towards early adults like university students who are undergoing personal and social phase changes and pressures. This study investigates the influence of depression and loneliness on the suicidal behaviour of public university students in Malaysia. The quantitative study involved 406 public university students in Malaysia, including early teens aged 20 years and below and adults aged 40 years and above. Three instruments were used: Suicide Behaviours Questionnaire-Revised (SBQ-R), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and UCLA Loneliness Scale Version 3. Data analysis involves examining basic statistical information. For this study, a stratified and proportional random selection method was used. The results indicated that public university students in Malaysia generally exhibited minimal levels of depression, loneliness, and suicidal behaviour. Depression and loneliness emerged as significant positive predictors influencing suicidal behaviour, accounting for 49.3% of the variance, while loneliness contributed to 0.3%. These non-significant findings suggest that overall, the mental well-being of the students is good. The study also highlights the role of cultural and societal factors unique to Malaysia in promoting positive mental health outcomes.

Pediatric Autoimmune Encephalitis: A Nationwide Study in Latvia.

Autoimmune encephalitis (AE) is the third most common encephalitis in children. Diagnosis can be challenging due to overlapping and diverse clinical presentations as well as various investigation results. This study aims to characterize the clinical, diagnostic features, as well as treatment and outcomes of AE in children and determine the incidence of pediatric AE in Latvia. The study was conducted at the Children's Clinical University Hospital in Riga. The study participants were patients under the age of 18 years diagnosed with AE from 2014 to 2022. Data regarding clinical characteristics, investigation findings, treatment strategy, and outcomes were retrospectively collected from the medical history data system. We included 18 pediatric patients diagnosed with AE. The mean incidence of pediatric AE in Latvia was 0.56 per 100,000 children. Most patients (66.6%) had seronegative AE. In the seropositive group, the most common was anti-methyl-D-aspartate receptor AE, with two patients having other antibodies. The most prevalent clinical features were personality change, cognitive impairment, autonomic dysfunction, and movement disorders. The majority of patients (58.8%) received first-line treatment only. More than half (55.6%) of our AE patient group had long-term sequelae. Our study shows that the pediatric AE incidence in Latvia is similar to what has been previously reported in other studies. A relatively high proportion of seronegative AE was present in our cohort, indicating that awareness of possible misdiagnosis should be raised. Further research is needed to better understand the underlying mechanisms, characterize clinical features, and determine the treatment of choice in different situations to improve long-term outcomes.

Resistance to Change or Transformation After Involuntary Unemployment and Underemployment: A Theoretical Model

Significant changes in workplace strategy or economic instability can lead individuals into emotional and spiritual crises, triggering identity transformations. This paper explores the effects of involuntary unemployment, underemployment, compromised employment, and mandatory retirement, referred to as involuntary second-order employment disruptions, on personal identity. Drawing from theories of quantum personal change and positive psychology, the paper discusses how these changes can lead to emotional and spiritual distress, akin to a “dark night of the soul,” potentially resulting in posttraumatic transformation. The transition through this crisis involves stages of resistance and adaptation, ultimately leading to a profound shift in identity and purpose. The process includes disengagement, disidentification, disenchantment, and disorientation, which can create significant psychological challenges, and involuntary opportunities for spiritual growth and self-actualization. The paper proposes that these employment disruptions are catalysts for deep personal transformation, highlighting the importance of managing such transitions effectively to foster resilience and positive outcomes.

Dental students' Myers-Briggs Type Indicator personality profile in the past 50 years: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Dental students' personalities are strongly correlated with their didactic and clinical performances. With the significant changes in the social environment in the past decades, students' personalities may also change dramatically. Additionally, with the increasing number of international students admitted into US dental programs, educators must pay attention to the potential personality differences between domestic and international students. A systematic review focusing on the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator personality types of dental students was conducted with 11 literature databases following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guideline. The quality assessment of each included article was conducted following the Joanna Briggs Institute Prevalence Critical Appraisal Tool. Meta-analyses were conducted for each personality type within the United States in the past 50 years, and in each country in the past 20 years. Eighteen articles (17 reports) were included after the eligibility assessment. The longitudinal trends within the United States showed the predominant two personality types have changed from Extraversion, Sensing, Feeling, and Judging (ESFJ) and Extraversion, Sensing, Thinking, and Judging (ESTJ) to ESTJ and Introversion, Sensing, Thinking, and Judging (ISTJ) during the past 50 years. When comparing different countries, the United States, China, Korea, and Iran have the same two dominant personality types (ESTJ and ISTJ) but not the Philippines (Extraversion, Intuition, Feeling, and Perceiving and Introversion, Intuition, Feeling, and Perceiving). However, there are large variations in the prevalence of other personality types. There have been constant changes in the predominant personalities of dental students over the years. Additionally, understanding the diversity of personality types within the United States as well as among different countries could serve as the foundation for further improvements in teaching strategies and student support services.

Income change and sympathy for right-wing populist parties in the Netherlands: The role of gender and income inequality within households.

The global rise of right-wing populist [RWP] parties presents a major political concern. RWP parties' voters tend to be citizens who have either experienced or fear economic deprivation. Income change constitutes a viable measure of this deprivation. However, previous contributions examining effects of income change on support for RWP parties have yielded diverging conclusions. This paper challenges previous findings by incorporating considerations of gender and within-household inequality. We hypothesise a negative relationship between, on the one hand, personal and household income change and, on the other hand, sympathy towards RWP parties. Furthermore, we expect to find a stronger association between personal income change and RWP sympathy among men. Moreover, we expect the relationship between household income change and RWP sympathy to differ between genders. Finally, we hypothesise that this gender disparity can be interpreted by considering who contributes most to the household income. All these hypotheses are grounded in gender socialisation and economic dominance theories. Analysing Dutch LISS longitudinal data spanning from 2007 to 2021 (N=7,801, n=43,954) through fixed-effects multilevel linear regression models enables us to address various competing explanations. It appears that only for men, personal income change is negatively linked with sympathies towards RWP parties. However, considering who is the highest earner within households reveals that women are also affected by their personal income change if they earn the highest income. For both men and women, household income change is negatively linked with sympathies towards RWP parties. These results lend partial support to both the socialisation and economic dominance theories. The implications of these findings are discussed.

Personality traits and measures of neuropsychiatric symptoms

Objectives Changes in personality and behavioral symptoms are a core clinical criterion for the diagnosis of dementia. This study examines the association between caregiver-rated personality traits and multiple measures of neuropsychiatric symptoms. Method Caregivers of individuals with dementia (N = 191) or cancer (N = 137) provided premorbid and concurrent personality trait ratings using the Big Five Inventory-2. Caregivers also completed the Mild Behavioral Impairment Checklist, Neuropsychiatric Inventory Questionnaire, and Revised Memory and Behavior Problems Checklist. Results In the combined sample, high concurrent neuroticism was associated with emotional dysregulation (r = 0.51), low agreeableness with impulse dyscontrol (r=-0.40), and low conscientiousness with decreased motivation (r=-0.42). Associations were similar across neuropsychiatric symptom scales, similar across cancer and dementia, but stronger with concurrent than premorbid personality ratings, and stronger for the individuals with mild than moderate-severe dementia. Conclusion Personality was associated with neuropsychiatric symptoms, including with the measure for mild behavioral impairment. Personality had stronger associations when concurrently assessed, indicating that personality traits co-develop with neuropsychiatric symptoms. The associations were similar across cancer and dementia, suggesting transdiagnostic processes not limited to dementia. Neuropsychiatric symptoms are partly an expression of personality; accounting for personality traits could help with diagnosis and disease monitoring, tailoring interventions, and fostering person-centered care.

Direct retrospective measurement of therapeutic changes: an example using the Czech version of the Questionnaire of Personal Changes (Q-PC)

Objective: The study aimed to test the psychometric properties of the Czech translation of the Questionnaire of Personal Changes (Q-PC), a measure designed for retrospective (direct) measurement of change in psychotherapy. Methods: A sample of group psychotherapy clients (N = 222) and a nonclinical sample (N = 167) sample were used. Clients in the clinical sample were administered the Q-PC in addition to several pre–post outcome measures. Confirmatory factor analysis, correlational analysis, and structural equation modeling were used to test the Q-PC’s factor structure, longitudinal measurement invariance, reliability, convergent validity, sensitivity to change, and other psychometric properties. Results: The Q-PC demonstrated a unidimensional structure that was strictly invariant between two follow-up measurement waves. The measure also demonstrated excellent reliability and sensitivity to change and good convergent validity. Furthermore, it demonstrated a similar relationship to baseline severity as the pre–post outcome measures. Conclusions: The retrospective measurement of change is a promising approach that has the potential to complement the traditional pre–post measurement of change.

Identifying and Addressing Functional Communication Challenges in Patients With Behavioral Variant Frontotemporal Dementia.

We describe the communication challenges of four patients with a neurodegenerative disorder consistent with behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD), characterized by early behavioral and personality changes. By describing their clinical profiles, we identify common barriers to functional communication in this population and provide recommendations for how speech-language pathologists (SLPs) might contribute to minimizing them. Four patients with bvFTD were selected from a cohort of patients with progressive communication impairments. Three of them returned for at least one follow-up visit. Case histories are presented along with the results of comprehensive speech and language, neuropsychological, and neurological testing. At the time of initial evaluation, patients were between the ages of 54 and 66 years and had been experiencing symptoms for 1.5-6 years. Consistent with their bvFTD diagnoses, all patients had prominent behavioral and personality changes that impacted communication. Patients 1 and 2 also had mild aphasia at enrollment, primarily characterized by anomia and loss of word meaning. Patients 3 and 4 both had apraxia of speech and moderate-to-severe aphasia at enrollment with prominent anomia and agrammatism. All four patients had impaired executive functioning and relative sparing of visuospatial skills; episodic memory was also impaired for Patients 2 and 4. Even though functional communication was progressively limited for all patients, none of them received regular support from an SLP. This case series adds to a scant, but growing, literature demonstrating that patients with bvFTD have communication impairments. SLPs are uniquely positioned to identify barriers to functional communication and to provide tailored strategy training to the patients and their care partners over the course of their disease. Systematic evaluation of the efficacy of treatment in this population would be valuable. https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.25933762.

The Journey to the West and Back to the East: Earning My Own Chair

ABSTRACT Psychoanalysis can complement traditional Chinese culture. Although psychoanalytic theory and clinical technique have been developing smoothly in China for only about 20 years, it has been quickly accepted by many mental health practitioners. In this article, I try to use my own experience of growing from a village girl to a psychoanalyst, the founder of Xinxun Institute for Psychology, a wife who found her own Mr. Right, and a mother with three daughters as an example to explain why psychoanalysis is helpful to Chinese people. By talking about The Journey To The West – a classical Chinese mythical story and as a metaphor of my own seeking the way out of the village to a bigger world, sharing my dream material, and using my own paintings as illustrations to show you how psychoanalysis meets the needs of contemporary Chinese people in pursuit of psychological growth, personality change, and dealing with the haunt of trans-generational trauma.

Language learning and escapism: how five Norwegian adolescents escape reality through reading and/or gaming extramurally in L2 English

ABSTRACT Purpose This qualitative-dominant study focuses on five foreign/second language (L2) English learners in 10th grade (age 15) in Norway. The purpose is to provide insight into the processes underlying L2 English learning by looking at what escapist reading/gaming means for participants’ beliefs about their L2 English proficiency. Methodology Semi-structured interviews were conducted about learners’ engagement in reading/gaming in English outside of school, i.e. extramural English (EE). While other studies have explored EE reading/gaming, this study is innovative in that it contributes by additionally examining the role of escapism for L2 English learning. Escapism is the practice of temporarily escaping reality and everyday troubles. Purposive sampling was employed, and data were analyzed using inductive, reflexive thematic analysis. Findings and originality Three themes emerged: Relief: Students used escapism to temporarily escape stress, without losing their sense of reality. Personal changes: Students reported that escapism practices impacted their social skills and viewpoints positively. Language: Students perceived improvement in their English skills due to their escapism. L2 English was necessary to create distance from reality, and English reading/gaming material was associated with higher quality than material in other languages. These findings indicate that all participants experienced escapism similarly, as a positive outlet for stress. L2 English was necessary for escaping, which participants claimed to positively influence their English proficiency. Value The value of the present study lies in its attempt to shed new light on L2 English learning, by aiming to fill the research gap about the relationship between escapism and L2 English learning.

Формирование характеристик самоактуализирующейся личности у студентов медицинского вуза

<p>Improving the quality of physician training includes the development of professionally important qualities during the period of study at a university. Psychological and pedagogical support for medical university students has not been sufficiently developed and is rarely implemented. The work is aimed at studying the formation of the qualities of a self-actualizing personality among medical university students. The authors developed and substantiated a model of psychological and pedagogical support for the formation of a complex of personal protective skills for future doctors. The authors presented the results of an empirical study obtained on a sample of 180 5th year medical university students with specialties in General Medicine and Dentistry (90 people – experimental group participating in the experimental program, 90 people – control group). The researchers used the self-actualization test technique of E. Shostrom in adaptation of L.Ya. Gozman and M.V. Crozat. The results obtained indicate that indicators of the characteristics of a self-actualizing personality change statistically significantly after participation in the experimental program. These studies can be used as an effective means of professional development for future and practicing doctors.</p>

Changes in Personality and Hardiness over the Course of Police Training

Changes in Personality and Hardiness over the Course of Police Training