Changes In Norms Research Articles

Культурная норма и безопасность личности: точка бифуркации социокультурной системы

<p>The work examines the current state of the sociocultural environment and raises the question of how to assess the direction of cultural changes. The author argues for the divergence cultural and civilizational development vectors and posits that the primary contradiction within the sociocultural system, in the present cultural-historical context, arises from the dichotomy of The identified trends in civilizational development necessitate a reevaluation of fundamental cultural norms related to human security, highlighting a critical juncture in the evolution of these security norms. Consequently, addressing the issue of changing norms is linked to the concept of artification, which refers to the transformation of the natural into the artificial, and naturalization, which denotes the conversion of the artificial into the natural. In this context, the sociocultural system is analyzed through the lens of processes of reproduction and development, particularly in relation to the transformations in the context of the “naturalization and artification”. Based on the information presented, the objective of this work is to establish a theoretical framework for analyzing the key concepts of the sociocultural system within the space-time continuum of contemporary reality through the application of bifurcation theory. This study offers a theoretical and methodological justification for utilizing bifurcation theory in the examination of sociocultural systems and elaborates on the essence and content of the theoretical construct. According to bifurcation theory, the sociocultural system encompasses three parameters: phase space, time, and the laws of evolution, which collectively enable us to describe the state of the system. The author outlines the key dynamic and system-forming characteristics of a sociocultural system. In conclusion, a sociocultural system, as defined by bifurcation theory, can be conceptualized as a space comprising three topologically equivalent planes: material existence (activities influenced by the type of civilization), cultural existence (cultural norms and standards), and spiritual existence (personal meanings and superordinate values). The multidimensional analysis of time cycles indicates that the sociocultural system is currently undergoing a qualitative transformation, during which the control parameters of the system—specifically security and subjectivity—are evolving. This qualitative transition in the system necessitates the selection of a trajectory for the development of cultural norms, particularly in the context of disrupted cycles of cultural translation and the rapid emergence of new elements within intellectualized digital spaces.</p>

Optimalisasi Pembelajaran Aqidah Akhlak dalam Mempengaruhi Perilaku Peserta Didik di Madrasah Aliyah

This research examines the influence of learning moral beliefs on student behavior at MAN 1 Gorontalo Regency. Due to the increase in juvenile delinquency due to changes in social norms. So this research wants to identify the extent to which learning aqidah morals contributes to student behavior. The research used a quantitative approach with a sample of 83 students taken using the Slovin method. Data was collected through a questionnaire which was tested for validity and reliability. Data analysis was carried out using descriptive statistics and simple linear regression. The results of the research show that the calculated F value is 0.997, which is smaller than the F table of 3.96 and the significance level is 0.321 which is above 0.05, that there is no influence of learning moral beliefs on student behavior. External factors such as family environment, peers and the media are more influential in shaping their behavior.

Equality Rights and Unequal Property Rights in Multi-owned Buildings

Abstract This research builds on and contributes to legal doctrinal and theoretical research on negative external societal effects of the democratic governance model of multi-owned properties in general, and, in particular, of decisions and restrictions regarding permission to install ramps or keep assistance dogs. The main argument is that if property law is used as a tool to steer and adjust societal normative expectations from a right to control to a duty to respect, this normative change would reduce the need for using external legislative solutions, such as applying discrimination laws, to achieve important societal objectives. Moreover, this approach could also reduce the need for future legislation addressing other societal challenges, such as the right to install electric vehicle chargers in common parking areas. These right-to-charge issues, which are currently being tackled through new EU-directives, reflect similar tensions between individual needs and collective governance. A property law-based solution that fosters fairness and flexibility in decision-making could pre-emptively address these types of issues, making it easier for associations to accommodate both current and future societal demands without the need for additional layers of regulation.

Institutional confidence, underreporting and academic consequences of gender-based violence among university staff and students in Europe

ABSTRACT This article examines the relationship between reporting incidents of gender-based violence, adverse academic consequences, and confidence in institutional responses within academic institutions based on an online survey conducted in 46 research organisations located in 15 European countries. By ‘academic consequences’, we refer specifically to the effects on an individual's educational pursuits, including but not limited to changes in academic performance, disruptions in coursework, and alterations in educational trajectories. Our results show that reporting gender-based violence is associated with increased severity of academic consequences, but that confidence in institutional responses has a negative association with adverse academic consequences. The level of confidence in institutional responses is identified as a moderator, intensifying the protective effect against adverse academic consequences, but interestingly only among staff. A multilevel intersectional analysis is used, considering various identity characteristics and accounting for structural inequalities. The article concludes with a discussion of the critical role of confidence in institutional responses and suggests that institutions must move beyond procedural adjustments to foster a holistic change in culture, norms, and power structures. Recommendations for institutions include developing safe and confidential reporting mechanisms, building trust in responses, and fostering a culture of respect and zero tolerance for violence to effectively address this critical issue in academic settings.

Discourse change in international organizations: How UN peace operations respond to global normative change and shifting power distributions

ABSTRACT How do international organizations (IOs) respond to global normative change and shifting power distributions among their member states? In this article, I argue that the discourse of IOs at the micro-level adapts in imperfect ways to such macro-level changes: discursive shifts will display a compromise between adapting to macro-level pressures and catering to more sticky organizational values. I test this argument by studying how the human rights discourse of two large UN peace operations adapted to a macro-level paradigm shift from liberal peacekeeping to stabilization. I observe a change in discourse in line with the macro-level paradigm shift, which, however, displayed significant aspects of continuity in order to uphold core organizational norms. This gives reason to believe that, in the current era of (emerging) multipolarity and normative change, IOs will continue to be responsive to such macro-level changes, but will nevertheless display imperfect adaptation.

Aksiologi dalam Era Society 5.0: Menyikapi Perubahan Nilai dalam Masyarakat Digital

The Society 5.0 era has brought fundamental transformations in the social structure, technology and value system of society. This research aims to explore the axiological dynamics that occur in the midst of the digital revolution, with the main focus on shifts in fundamental values ​​in the context of digital society. Using the literature review method, this study analyzes various academic sources, scientific journals and related publications to understand the complexity of axiological changes in the digital era. The research approach was carried out systematically by reviewing literature from various scientific disciplines, including sociology, philosophy, anthropology, and information technology. The research results show that digital society is experiencing a significant value transformation, including changes in ethical concepts, aesthetics, social logic and traditional norms. Key findings reveal that digital technology is not just a tool, but an agent of transformation that influences the construction of social values. The digitalization process has encouraged the emergence of a new paradigm in understanding human relationships, identity and social interactions. This research offers a critical perspective on the axiological challenges in integrating traditional values ​​with the dynamics of digital society, and embedding them in the formation of social structures in the Society 5.0 era.

Inequalities in COVID-19 impact on preschool mental health in India: key moderators of adverse outcome

IntroductionWorldwide research suggests that the COVID-19 pandemic had little to no overall effect on preschool children’s mental health, but that the impact is variable depending on pre-existing and COVID-19-related inequalities....

Safety net of last resort: the evolution, determinants and adequacy of Dutch minimum income support

Dutch minimum income support provides a generous social safety net compared to most other European Union (EU) member states but has not been able to structurally reduce poverty. This inadequacy did not come about overnight but is the result of six decades of policy decisions. In this article, we aim to explain the current income shortfalls of people on minimum income support by studying the historical evolution and determinants of the Dutch minimum income scheme. We demonstrate that it has on average maintained a constant level of purchasing power over the period 1980–2023. This fits well with the notion that poverty is of an absolute nature, and that a social minimum should guarantee a stable level of purchasing power. It fits less well with relative or contextual approaches to poverty, and the view that a social minimum should adapt to changing norms when a society grows richer. To uncover the reasons for the growing gap between general prosperity and the minimum income benefit, we decompose it into smaller gaps by illustrating the evolution of prosperity, labour productivity, gross wages, collectively agreed wages, the minimum wage and the minimum income benefit. We show that each of these gaps matters and argue that this provides valuable insights into the structural, institutional and political forces that have shaped Dutch minimum income support since its introduction in 1965. Based on these results, we argue against the current ad hoc measures of the government and in favour of a more structural approach to supporting low-income households.

Rising Female‐Headed Households: Shifts in Living Arrangements or Heightened Gender Symmetry?

AbstractCensuses and surveys predominantly report men as heads of households or reference persons despite women carrying out most domestic and care work. Recent evidence, however, suggests that an increasing number of households are headed by women. Using data from the newly released CORESIDENCE database, which includes over 770 data points from 156 countries worldwide spanning from 1960 to 2021, this study presents the first global map of female headship, traces its recent evolution, and compares female‐headed households with male‐headed ones based on selected household characteristics. The results confirm the widespread increase in female headship in virtually all world regions. Nevertheless, significant cross‐national differences persist, and changes are not uniform across all regions. Spatial and temporal variations in female headship can be attributed, in part, to structural shifts in living arrangements, specifically the decreased presence of adult men in households. Female headship, however, is rising beyond the structural transformation of households. Women are increasingly likely to head households even in the presence of adult men, particularly their male partners. This might be indicative of normative changes towards gender symmetry. We discuss the potential factors behind these transformations and consider their implications for further research and gender equality.

Immigrants’ condition of expulsability

This paper examines recent amendments to French and German immigration law aimed at accelerating and enhancing the expulsion of unwanted immigrants of the territory. The main normative changes resulting from these reforms, entailing an unprecedented retraction of legal safeguards against expulsion and significantly exacerbating immigrant’s condition of expulsability, will be presented in comparative terms, without losing sight of the European dimension. Specifically, these reforms shape immigrant’s expulsable presence on the territory through three aspects: an increase on the precariousness of foreigner status, a reduction of the sphere of freedom needed to lead a dignified life and an expansion of exceptionality that obliges us to reconsider our social contract to include a human-rights based approach to immigration.

I need new friends! Changes in perceived peer drinking norms and developmental outcomes across the transition to college.

The current study investigated changes in proximal descriptive alcohol use norms from high school to college, social integration as a predictor of stable versus shifting peer norms, and the consequences of norm profile membership for developmental outcomes. Using data (N = 9753 12th grade students; 59% female; 80% White, 7% Black, 5% Hispanic, 5% Asian/Pacific Islander, 3% other races/ethnicities) from the Monitoring the Future panel study, we identified five distinct norm profiles-three stable profiles (high, moderate-high, and low) and two shifting profiles (increasing, declining)-that had unique patterns of perceived friend alcohol use norms. Social integration distinguished norm profile membership, and we observed particular detriments to outcomes for those in the stable high peer norm profile.

Gender-transformative HIV and SRHR programme approaches for adolescents and young people: a realist review to inform policy and programmes

IntroductionGender inequalities continue to drive new HIV and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) at rates too high to achieve global goals. In high HIV-burden jurisdictions, this is particularly true for adolescent girls and young women at disproportionate risk, while social and systemic barriers also impede the engagement of young men and gender minorities with health services. We sought evidence of approaches to promote sexual and reproductive health (SRH) outcomes by addressing gender transformation and removing structural barriers that broadly limit prospects for adolescents and young people.MethodsWe conducted a realist review to identify HIV and SRH-focused interventions with gender transformative mechanisms. Eligible interventions sought to achieve HIV/STI prevention, sexual behaviour or pregnancy outcomes among young people by enhancing agency, resources and social norms supportive of gender transformation. We developed a programme theory to guide the data extraction and synthesis and categorised interventions by strategy, recording impacts on health and/or gender-related outcomes.ResultsWe identified 33 eligible interventions, representing diverse programme strategies and outcomes. Most interventions used a combination approach, with economic strengthening as the most common central strategy (n=13), followed by community-based mobilisation for norms change (n=7), then school-based educational curricula (n=6). The majority (n=24) achieved ‘dual effects’, that is, positive effects on both healthandgender-related outcomes; 15 with dual effects specific to HIV prevention. Few evaluations measured or found impacts on HIV/STI incidence. 12 reported positive impacts on condom use alongside improved agency or gender norms.ConclusionsYouth-focused interventions that address context-specific economic and social determinants of HIV and SRH risk have proliferated recently, with encouraging impacts on both HIV/SRH and gender-related outcomes. This bodes well for empowering strategies to achieve HIV and STI reduction targets among adolescents and young people, and broader SRH goals. However, most interventions prioritise individual rather than structural change; impeding their ‘gender transformative’ potential.

The Primacy of Professionalism: A Selective Review of Medical Education, Practice, and Research.

From the 12th Century, when the word referred to taking religious vows, to its present meaning as a constellation of organized practices requiring special training, legal liability, and covenants with individual patients and society, professionalism has played an important role in the practice of medicine. Until relatively recently, the concepts of professionalism and professional behavior were rooted in timeless ideals that individual physicians were expected to achieve in training and practice. As an ideal type, professionalism was seen as a quality or characteristic residing in the individual physician. By the same measure, the period of rapid technological and social change that marked the early to mid-20th Century made clear that timelessness, as it applied to professionalism, had its limitations. Where once sharing bad or sad news with patients was viewed as harmful, the right to know one's diagnosis is now enshrined in law and taken for granted in education and practice. Moreover, research shows that knowing one's diagnosis is often beneficial, not harmful, to individuals and families. In response to changing norms and technological advances, medical educators have introduced new models of professionalism that stress the role of social context and relationships in training and practice. One innovative approach is based on the concept of professional identity formation, the moment-by-moment process of becoming and being a physician. Identity formation occurs primarily through story-telling and other forms of self-expression in the context of a community of peers who learn to practice medicine with technical proficiency, kindness, and self-awareness together. [Pediatr Ann. 2024;53(12):e440-e445.].

Age, Development and the Changing Norms of Youth Justice

Age, Development and the Changing Norms of Youth Justice

A General Survey of the Use Cases of Artificial Intelligence in Human Resource

Background: such a thorough understanding of this study could best be achieved through conducting in-depth case studies on organizations that have successfully implemented AI in their HR functions, exploring the benefits, challenges, and impact on their workforce, organization, and even the whole of society and a systematic review of existing literature on AI in HR, synthesizing the results of multiple studies to conclude the overall effectiveness, benefits, and challenges associated with AI applications in HR. This study aims to bring out a comprehensive panorama of AI applications in the six sectors of HRM and the impacts of AI implementation in HR on the transformation of business HR practices and its role transformation due to the advent of AI, as well as to promote technological change and ethical policy norms, and legal improvements in this area. Method: We have selected the relevant literature through a scoping study, and we have categorized it according to the six components of the Human Resource Life Cycle. Conclusion: The literature already covers all six of the human resource life cycle's elements as well as its implications for technology and ethical issues. Future studies may concentrate on how AI affects relationships between dimensions and how it affects results that are particular to human resources. Although AI should still be seen as a solution to many of the problems that face human resources management in businesses, practitioners must acknowledge the limits associated with the implementation of AI in HRM.

Gender Responsive Classroom Management to Prevent Bullying during Puberty in Elementary School Students

This research aims to strive for gender-responsive classroom management in elementary schools so that it can minimize and prevent bullying among elementary school students. During puberty, sensitivity to gender, self-identity, and social pressure increases, and ignorance of sex education and the reproductive system makes students more vulnerable to bullying. This research uses the systematic literature review (SLR) method by collecting literature from scientific journals, books, and other sources. The results of this research are strengthened by students' knowledge about sexuality education and the reproductive system, thereby making students' attitudes able to accept differences and demonstrate behavior that supports gender equality. Based on this research, it was concluded that classroom management, which focuses on gender-responsive matters in facing puberty, has been proven to be able to minimize and prevent bullying in elementary school students. Gender-responsive classroom management has great potential to prevent bullying and create a safer and more inclusive learning environment for all students. The implications of this research cover various aspects, from curriculum development and teacher training to changes in social norms. By applying these research findings, we can create a generation of young people who are more equal, tolerant, and respectful of differences.

Conference air travel’s relevance and ways to reduce it

Reducing emissions from air travel has become an important goal of academic institutions and conferences are a major reason for researchers’ air travel. We conducted separate surveys with researchers at 17 academic institutions in Switzerland, Austria and Germany to examine perceptions of conference air travel and to assess opportunities for its reduction. The results indicate that air travel is deeply embedded in academia through cognitive norms and established conference practices. Although researchers stated that conferences serve important career purposes, such as networking, they acknowledge the importance of reducing air travel. The COVID-19 pandemic served as a window of opportunity to reduce air travel by switching to virtual conferences. Researchers stated that virtual conferences come with both benefits and challenges. Using the transport cultures framework, we identify opportunities for behavioural change and provide concrete recommendations for reducing conference air travel based on long-term changes in practices, material cultures, cognitive norms and policies.

Effective practice of innovative leadership with constant changes in social and cultural norms in China

ABSTRACT Maintaining competitiveness is crucial for firms to survive with increasing global competition. One of the key elements for maintaining competitiveness is the development of innovative leadership. The dynamic business operations of firms require leadership capabilities in general, and innovative leadership capabilities in particular, for achieving long-term survivability. This research adopts a holistic approach to investigate multiple factors that influence firm innovation through the effective practice of innovative leadership with constant changes in social and cultural norms in China. We have based our research on observations of three case studies in China and in-depth interviews conducted with key informants. This study contributes to redefining innovative leaders and innovative leadership. We illustrate the contextual factors that influence the adoption and practices of innovative leadership. We also identify crucial aspects of the quality of leaders and the engagement between leaders and subordinates that determine the outcomes of implementing innovative leadership. These aspects influence firms’ innovative capabilities and the effective practice of innovative leadership in the transitional economy of contemporary China.

Centering racial health equity in systematic reviews—paper 1: introduction to the series

ObjectivesSystematic reviews hold immense promise as tools to highlight evidence-based practices that can reduce or aim to eliminate racial health disparities. Currently, consensus on centering racial health equity in systematic reviews and other evidence synthesis products is lacking. Centering racial health equity implies concentrating or focusing attention on health equity in ways that bring attention to the perspectives or needs of groups that are typically marginalized. Study Design and SettingThis Cochrane US Network team and colleagues, with the guidance of a steering committee, sought to understand the views of varied interest holders through semistructured interviews and conducted evidence syntheses addressing (1) definitions of racial health equity, (2) logic models and frameworks to centering racial health equity, (3) interventions to reduce racial health inequities, and (4) interest holder engagement in evidence syntheses. Our methods and teams include a primarily American and Canadian lens; however, findings and insights derived from this work are applicable to any region in which racial or ethnic discrimination and disparities in care due to structural causes exist. ResultsIn this series, we explain why centering racial health equity matters and what gaps exist and may need to be prioritized. The interviews and systematic reviews identified numerous gaps to address racial health equity that require changes not merely to evidence synthesis practices but also to the underlying evidence ecosystem. These changes include increasing representation, establishing foundational guidance (on definitions and causal mechanisms and models, building a substantive evidence base on racial health equity, strengthening methods guidance, disseminating and implementing results, and sustaining new practices). ConclusionCentering racial health equity requires consensus on the part of key interest holders. As part of the next steps in building consensus, the manifold gaps identified by this series of papers need to be prioritized. Given the resource constraints, changes in norms around systematic reviews are most likely to occur when evidence-based standards for success are clearly established and the benefits of centering racial health equity are apparent. Plain Language SummaryRacial categories are not based on biology, but racism has negative biological effects. People from racial or ethnic minority groups have often been left out of research and ignored in systematic reviews. Systematic reviews often help clinicians and policymakers with evidence-based decisions. Centering racial health equity in systematic reviews will help clinicians and policymakers to improve outcomes for people from racial or ethnic minority groups. We conducted interviews and a series of four systematic reviews on definitions, logic models and frameworks, methods, interventions, and interest-holder engagement in syntheses. We found that much work remains to be done in centering racial health equity in systematic reviews. Specifically, systematic reviewers need to change who is represented on their teams, establish foundational guidance (on definitions and causal mechanisms and models, identify what interventions work to address racial health equity, strengthen method guidance, disseminate and implement results, and sustain new practices).

Impact of future climate scenarios on thermal performance and resilience of building façades: Canadian climate case study

Buildings in urban areas are responsible for a significant share of GHG emissions that directly contribute to climate change. Nevertheless, the built environment is vulnerable to the changing climate. Particularly, the unpredictable weather threatens the performance of building components, durability of building materials, and indoor environmental comfort. In this study, the impact of future climate on thermal performance of building façades in the Canadian climate is investigated using simulation analysis. To account for different climate conditions, three future weather scenarios pertaining to global temperature rise of 0.5 °C, 1.5 °C, and 2.5 °C were compared with historical weather data. Both hourly and Typical Meteorological Year (TMY) weather data were studied. The results, including thermal transmittance, heat flux, moisture content, and façade temperature were compared. This comparison could show the applicability of using averaged TMY data compared to the large hourly dataset. The results show a pattern of change in the façade's thermal and hygrothermal performance as temperature, relative humidity and solar radiation norms change in both seasons. The comparison between the TMY and the Yearly data showed an underestimation of heat transfer within the façade when the TMY data is used. The historical TMY data results showed the inadequacy of this weather file for climate impact assessments of facades in both summer and winter. The approach used in this study can be repeated for different climate conditions, acting as a tool to design façades and predict their performance in face of a changing climate.