Hair Changes Research Articles

Prevalence and determinants of malnutrition among under-five children in Southwest, Nigeria

Background: Malnutrition refers to deficiencies or excesses in nutrient intake, imbalance of essential nutrients or impaired nutrient utilization. Around 45% of deaths among children under-five years are linked to undernutrition which mostly occurs in low and middle-income countries. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and assess determinants of undernutrition among under five children in South West of Nigeria. Methods: A cross sectional study design, multi stage sampling method and sample size of 327 under-five children were utilized for the study. Results: The prevalence of underweight was 30.6%, overweight was 2.1% and normal weight for age nutritional status was 67.3%. More males (19.6%) than females (11%) accounted for prevalence of underweight. Majority (25.7%) of underweight under five years children were in the age group of 0-11 months, 4.6% in age group 12-29 months and 0.3% in age group 30-39 months. This study revealed statistically significant association between underweight nutritional status and child’s sex (male, p=0.006), knowledge of importance of vaccination against vaccine preventable diseases (VPD) on nutrition (p=0.01) and presence of clinical signs of malnutrition (hair changes p=0.003, swelling of legs 0.006 and pallor of mucus membrane p=0.006). Conclusions: There is need to implement urgent nutritional intervention to reduce the high prevalence of malnutrition in Ede North LGA. Food security should be improved and high levels of inflation should be reduced to enable mothers to have access to food items. Health education should be intensified to educate mothers on prevention of early malnutrition and importance of vaccination against VPDs.

A Study on Changes in Hair Condition of Shampoo Containing Aroma Essential Oil

In this study, we investigated changes in hair after using an aroma shampoo containing aroma essential oils. The aroma essential oils included are Lavender, Juniper Berry, Cypress, Peppermint and Cedarwood. After the experimental group (15 persons) used the aroma shampoo for 4 weeks, the hair condition of the control group (15 persons) using the general shampoo for 4 weeks was compared and analyzed before and after. The hair was measured at 4 sites (left, right, parietal, and occipital regions) of the scalp, and changes in condition were measured with Aram Huvis' ASG (AI-Scalp Grader). As a result of the study, it was confirmed that the experimental group using aroma shampoo showed a significant increase in density and number in the occipital area, while the control group using general shampoo showed a significant decrease in number and thickness in the parietal area. By providing quantitative data that proves the hair improvement effect of aroma essential oil, it is expected that hair loss prevention and hair growth will be used as cosmetic ingredients.

A rare case report: Werner syndrome

Abstract Introduction Werner syndrome (WS), also known as adult progeria, is a rare autosomal recessive syndrome caused by pathogenic loss of function of the WRN gene on chromosome 8p12. WS is characterized by signs of premature aging in young adults, including short stature, graying of hair, bilateral cataracts, and scleroderma-like skin changes. A thin, high-pitched voice is characteristic of patients. In addition, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease and osteoporosis can also be seen at an increased rate. Patients have an increased thyroid neoplasms, malignant melanoma and meningioma. There is no specific or effective treatment for this rare syndrome. In this case, we aimed to present our patient with this rare syndrome. Clinical case A 28-year-old male patient was admitted for diabetes regulation and foot ulcers. In the patient's history, it was learned that he did not gain weight and did not gain sufficient height since the age of 14. He had been receiving insulin therapy for uncontrolled diabetes for about 10 years. He had cataract surgery at the age of 18. In our evaluation, there were scleroderma-like skin changes on the distal parts of both lower extremities. The patient's hair turned gray. His voice was high-pitched. Two of his siblings looked like him. One sibling who looked like him died at the age of 34. In the laboratory tests; FPG:306 mg/dL and HbA1C:11. The patient had hypergonadotropic hypogonadism. Rheumatological disease examination was normal. No pathological features were observed in lower extremity doppler examinations. Werner syndrome was considered in the patient who did not have sufficient height growth during adolescence, graying of the hair, a history of cataracts, scleroderma-like skin changes, and an elderly appearance. Malignancy scans of the patient were found to be normal. Genetic counseling was given to the patient and his family. The patient was taken to outpatient follow-up. Conclusion Werner syndrome is a rare disease. It is important to recognize patients in the early period, to prevent disease-related complications, especially in terms of the risk of malignancy development.

Metabolomic profiling identifies hair as a robust biological sample for identifying women with cervical cancer

Metabolomics serves as a useful tool for identifying biomarkers of disease and uncovering pathogenic mechanisms. However, most metabolomic studies use biological fluids such as blood and urine as biospecimens, which could be dramatically influenced by daily activities and dietary variation, resulting in measurement fluctuations. In contrast, hair may serve as a robust source of stable longitudinal metabolite information. Here, we conducted a pilot study to investigate the possibility of using hair as a biospecimen for the metabolomic analysis of cervical cancer. Hair, plasma, urine, and cervical tissue samples from cervical cancer and benign tumor patients were collected. Biospecimens were then tested using a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-based metabolomic platform. The expressions of enzymatic genes related to metabolic changes were validated using qPCR. Statistical analyses were calculated via the R-console platform. Metabolite profiles in both hair and cervical tissue samples were significantly different between cancer and control groups, while no difference was observed in plasma and urine samples. Further analysis showed that most of the altered metabolites in hair were upregulated, and they had a negative correlation with those in the cervical tissue. Eight common metabolites showed an area under the Receiver Operating Characteristic curve greater than 0.95. These metabolites primarily participated in amino acid metabolism, cofactor synthesis, ferroptosis, and glycolysis. The gene expressions (IDH1, OGDH, GLUD1, ENO1, GSS, and GPX4) associated with the shortlisted metabolic pathways were also upregulated. Our study is the first to reveal metabolomic changes of hair in cervical cancer patients and demonstrates the potential for the hair metabolome to be used for biomarker identification in cervical cancer.

A spectrum of dermatological manifestations associated with hypothyroid condition – A pilot study

BACKGROUND: Hypothyroidism, a major health problem, is associated with a wide range of diseases. One of the organs affected by hypothyroidism, which shows a wide range of clinical signs, is the skin. OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to determine various cutaneous manifestations of hypothyroidism that can be used as a diagnostic marker and may help in the early diagnosis and treatment of hypothyroidism. METHODOLOGY: A cross-sectional observational study was carried out on 100 consecutive diagnosed cases of hypothyroidism patients in the dermatology department of a tertiary care hospital in Bengaluru during June 2021–September 2021. A pretested standard pro forma was used to collect and maintain the details of the patients. The study was ethically approved by the institution. RESULTS: The majority were female (84%) and patients' age ranged from 16 to 65 years, covering all groups with 31% having comorbidities. Seventy-one percent had pruritus and 14% with urticaria, 13% with palmar and sole hyperkeratosis, 3% with burning skin symptoms, and 5% with cold skin symptoms. The majority (38%) had pruritus as an early symptom. Pruritus symptom patients were categorized into mild pruritus (25%) and moderate pruritus (75%). A significant number of patients presented with hair changes in the form of dry brittle hair in 50 patients and with other associated skin conditions which included 20 patients with melasma, 10 patients with seborrheic dermatitis, eight patients had acrochordons, four patients had vitiligo, five had polymorphic light eruptions like lesions, three patients had lichen planus, and two each had psoriasis and acne vulgaris. CONCLUSION: The present study was undertaken to know the spectrum of dermatological manifestations associated with a hypothyroid condition. It was observed the female sex, pruritis, and hair changes were common in these patients. Recognition of hypothyroidism is important to ensure that appropriate treatment is provided at the earliest, thus preventing complications.

Cutaneous manifestations in patients with end-stage renal disease on hemodialysis.

End-stage renal disease (ESRD) is a serious chronic disease that affects many organ systems. Skin manifestations that are commonly seen in ESRD can significantly impair the quality of life in these patients. Early recognition and management of mucocutaneous disorders can improve quality of life and decrease morbidity. This study aimed to evaluate the skin manifestations in ESRD patients undergoing hemodialysis. In this cross-sectional study 150 patients undergoing hemodialysis in the Nephrology Department of Shahid-Beheshti Hospital in Babol were enrolled. The demographic and clinical data were assessed. Analysis was done by SPSS 22 and significance level was under 0.05. The mean duration of hemodialysis was 8.7 months. The most common skin findings in patients include xerosis 84.7%, pallor 82.7%, pruritus 67.3%, hyperpigmentation 40%, purpura 28%. Skin infections were detected in 36% of patients (fungal 28%, bacterial 10.7%, and viral 5.3%). Nail, hair and mucosal changes were observed among 65.3%, 38% and 17.3% of patients respectively. No significant correlation was detected between skin findings and duration of dialysis. The findings of the present study showed that skin manifestations are highly prevalent among patients with ESRD. Prompt diagnosis and management of the dermatological disorders may improve the quality of life in the affected patients.

Morphological changes in human scalp hair during treatment by hair products containing copper and zinc enriched yeast hydrosylate

The local hair treatment product set “Khalgai” consists of three kinds of products: shampoo, conditioner, and protein. The uniqueness is that all products in the set contain yeast hydrolysate, rich in copper and zinc. The copper and zinc contents in shampoo, conditioner, and protein of this set were 0.53, 34.6; 1.33, 41.3; 5.1, 25.4 mg/kg, respectively, and heavy metals levels measured in all product samples were within the permissible limits for cosmetics. Here, we investigated the effects of copper and zinc enriched yeast hydrolysate-containing hair care products on human hair morphology. A total of 100 females (control group n=50, experimental group n=50) living in Ulaanbaatar, aged between 20 and 60, were subjected to the measurement of scalp hair morphological characteristics before and after using the product. Women in the experimental group were involved in 28 days of treatment with the “Khalgai” set product. Hair density, hair diameter, and follicular units were analyzed at five different scalp sites using quantitative trichoscopic analysis by the TrichoSciencePro v1.7 program before and after treatment. As a result of using the “Khalgai” set product for 28 days, participants' hair density increased by 14-25%, and hair diameter increased by 7-13% (3-5% for normal hair, 1-4% for thick hair) and the number of hairs per follicular unit increased by 1-7%, respectively, indicating improved morphological quality. The research results suggest a possible effect of copper and zinc enriched yeast, which contains in “Khalgai” hair care products, might improve characteristics by supplying nutrients to the hair and scalp.
 Зэс болон цайраар баяжуулсан дрожжийн гидролизат агуулсан үс арчилгааны бүтээгдэхүүн хэрэглэсний дараах үсний морфологийн өөрчлөлт
 Хураангуй: “Халгай” нэрийн буурал үс арчилгааны цогц бүтээгдэхүүний багцад шампунь, ангижруулагч, уураг гэсэн гурван төрлийн бүтээгдэхүүн багтсан бөгөөд найрлагад нь зэс, цайраар баяжуулсан дрожжийн гидролизат орсноороо онцлог юм. Энэхүү багцын шампунь, ангижруулагч, уураг зэрэг бүтээгдэхүүнд агуулагдах зэс, цайрын хэмжээ харгалзан 0.53, 34,6; 1.33, 41.3; 5.1, 25.4 мг/кг байсан бөгөөд хүнд металлын агууламж нь ДЭМБ-аас гаргасан гоо сайхны бүтээгдэхүүнд тавигдах шаардлагад нийцэж байв. Дээрх бүтээгдэхүүнүүдийн үсний бүтцэд үзүүлэх нөлөөг тогтоох судалгаанд Улаанбаатар хотын оршин суугч, 20-60 насны 100 эмэгтэй (хяналтын бүлэг n=50, туршилтын бүлэг n=50) хамрагдсан. Туршилтын бүлгийн эмэгтэйчүүд судалгааны 28 хоногийн хугацаанд үс арчилгааны цогц бүтээгдэхүүний багцыг хэрэглэсэн ба туршилт эхлэхийн өмнө болон төгсгөлийн хоногт толгойн хуйхны 5 цэгт үсний диаметр, нягтаршил, нэг уутанцар дах үсний тоо ширхгийн хэмжээг тодорхойлж, TrichoSciencePro v1.7 оношилгооны программ дээр тооцоолон үнэлсэн. “Халгай” буурал үсний цогц бүтээгдэхүүний багцыг 28 хоногийн турш хэрэглэсний дүнд оролцогчдын үсний нягтаршил 14-25%-иар, үсний диаметр 7-13%-иар нэмэгдэж, нэгж уутанцарт байх үсний тоо ширхэг 3-5% (хэвийн ширхэгт), 1-4% (бүдүүн ширхэгт)-иар тус тус нэмэгдэж, үсний морфологийн чанар сайжирсныг статистик магадтай тогтоов. Үүнийг “Халгай” нэрийн буурал үс арчилгааны цогц бүтээгдэхүүний найрлагад агуулагдах зэс, цайраар баяжуулсан дрожжийн задрагийн үс, хуйхны тэжээлийн хангамжийг сайжруулсантай холбон үзэж болно.
 Түлхүүр үг: “Халгай”, эрдэс, үсний диаметр, нягтаршил, ширхэг

Effects of Hormones and Endocrine Disorders on Hair Growth.

Hormones have a close association with hair growth; thus, they have a big impact on the hair cycle and hair follicle structure. Many hormones control hair growth, cycle, and density. Hair abnormalities are frequent in therapeutic practice, and they can cause severe emotional discomfort depending on societal and ethnic standards. As a result, disorders that impact the endocrine system can induce a variety of physiological hair growth and cycling alterations. Hirsutism and patterned hair loss have a significant impact on human personality. These illnesses necessitate a comprehensive approach to diagnosis and treatment. Thehormonal impact onhair growth and the association of different endocrine disorders with hair changes are briefly discussed here.

Outcome of Dutasteride 0.5mg in Androgenic Alopecia

Introduction: Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is an androgen-mediated condition that is characterized by a progressive decline in visible scalp hair density. Genetically predisposed hair follicles are the target of dihydrotestosterone (DHT), which leads to the progressive miniaturization of hair follicles and hair thinning. Dutasteride inhibits conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone, which significantly improves hair growth. Objective: To assess the outcome of dutasteride in androgenic alopecia. Methods: This study was carried out at Dermatology and Venereology Department, Enam Medical College Hospital, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh from January2022 to July 2022. From the outpatient clinic fifty (50) patients were recruited who fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Dermatologist observe every patients hair changes before, during &after treatment with dutasteride for 24 week. Results: Out Of the 50 patients, 60% patients were female. 40% patients noticed hair loss first at the age of 16-25 years of their lifetime. 44% patients had this disease from 1 to 6 months duration. After 6 months of therapy with dutasteride 0.5mg 20% patients were improved markedly, followed by 24% improved moderately, 16% improved mild. Besides that, six months after dutasteride treatment, there was significant improvement in both hair density and thickness. And during treatment libido decreased in 24% cases and ejaculatory disorder seen in 14% cases. After 6 months therapy in patients where 20% improved markedly, followed by 24% improved moderately, 16% improved mild. Conclusion: It is concluded that dutasteride at a dosage of 0.5 mg/d clinically improve hair growth after six months of therapy in patients with AGA but there was a higher prevalence of sexual dysfunction. Large number of studies are required to recommend dutasteride 0.5 mg/d as the alternative therapeutic option for AGA.

Body image and the level of stress in cervical cancer patients

Introduction: Chemotherapy is one of the management applied to cervical cancer patients. Chemotherapy is beneficial to kill cancer cells, but it affects normal body cells, such as hair roots, skin, and changes in physical appearance. These physical changes result in poor self-assessment and stress. This study was conducted to describe the correlation between body image and stress level of cervical cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy at the Gynecology Polyclinic, Dr. Kariadi General Hospital Medical Center Semarang. Methods: This type of research is quantitative using a correlational research design. The research process was carried out in 2020 at Dr. Kariadi General Hospital Medical Center Semarang with the number of samples obtained was 87 respondents. Results: It showed that there was a relationship between body image and stress levels in cervical cancer patients receiving chemotherapy (r = -0.313 and p-value = 0.003). With a change in physical appearance, patients would feel something different which affects psychological situations and further causes stress. Conclusions: The level of stress has a significant correlation with the body image score of cervical cancer.

RG6234, a GPRC5DxCD3 T-Cell Engaging Bispecific Antibody, Is Highly Active in Patients (pts) with Relapsed/Refractory Multiple Myeloma (RRMM): Updated Intravenous (IV) and First Subcutaneous (SC) Results from a Phase I Dose-Escalation Study

Background: Despite advances in treatment, almost all pts with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (MM) eventually relapse and progression-free survival decreases with each subsequent line of therapy. New treatments that target novel antigens and/or have novel mechanisms of action (MOAs) are needed. GPRC5D is a G-protein coupled receptor that is overexpressed on malignant plasma cells. Expression on normal tissue is limited to skin (hair follicles and eccrine glands) and testis (seminiferous tubules). In a Phase I study (NCT04557150), RG6234, a GPRC5DxCD3 T-cell engaging bispecific antibody with a novel 2:1 configuration, was highly active in pts with RRMM and had a safety profile consistent with its MOA and target distribution when given IV (Hasselbalch Riley et al. EHA 2022). We report updated IV and first SC results. Methods: All pts had RRMM for which no established therapy was available, appropriate or tolerable and had received ≥1 prior IMiD and ≥1 prior PI. Prior CAR T-cells, antibody-drug conjugates and bispecific antibodies were allowed. RG6234 was initiated with step-up dosing, reaching the target dose 2 weeks after the initial step dose, and was given for up to 1 year unless disease progression or unacceptable toxicity occurred. All pts who received RG6234 in the dose-escalation phase of the study were included in the analysis (IV dose range: 6-10000µg; SC dose range: 30-7200µg). Results: At data cut-off (June 8, 2022), 51 pts had been enrolled into the IV cohorts (median age: 62 years; min-max: 27-78) and 54 into the SC cohorts (64 years; 46-79). Median number of prior lines was 5 (min-max: 2-15) and 4 (2-14), respectively. Many pts were triple-class refractory (IV: 63.3%; SC: 73.1%), some were penta-class refractory (IV: 30.6%; SC: 42.3%), and some had received prior anti-BCMA therapies (IV: 19.6%; SC: 20.4%). High-risk cytogenetics (t(4;14), t(14:16), del(17p)) were common (IV: 46.7% of 30 evaluable pts; SC: 50.0% of 28). Across all tested doses, cytokine release syndrome (CRS) was the most common adverse event (AE; IV: 82.4% of pts; SC: 77.8%). Grade (Gr) ≥3 CRS was uncommon (IV: 2.0%; SC: 1.9%) and most events were confined to Cycle 1. CRS management often involved tocilizumab (IV: 39.2% of pts; SC: 25.9%) and corticosteroids (IV: 52.9%; SC: 25.9%). ICANS-like AEs were infrequent and mostly mild (any Gr: 9 pts [8.6%]; Gr ≥3: 2 pts [1.9%]). AEs related to on-target, off-tumor effects included dermal and epidermal conditions (IV: 72.5%; Gr 3: 11.8%; SC: 81.5%; Gr 3: 14.8%), hair and nail changes (IV: 17.6% [all Gr 1-2]; SC: 22.2% [all Gr 1-2]), and AEs affecting the gastrointestinal mucosal epithelium or tongue (IV: 70.6% [all Gr 1-2]; SC: 74.1%; Gr 3: 5.6%). Gr ≥3 hematologic AEs were infrequent (anemia: IV 13.7%, SC 5.2%; thrombocytopenia: IV 13.8%, SC 18.5%; neutropenia: IV 11.8%, SC 16.7%). Infections were common (IV: 56.9%; Gr ≥3: 19.6%; SC: 37.0%; Gr ≥3: 24.1%). RG6234-related AEs leading to treatment discontinuation occurred in 2 pts (3.9%) in the IV group and 2 pts (3.7%) in the SC group. One RG6234-related Gr 5 (fatal) AE (1.9%) of acute respiratory failure was reported in the SC group. Median follow-up among efficacy evaluable pts in the IV group (7.1 months; min-max: 0.5-16.8; n=49 pts) was longer than in the SC group (3.9 months; min-max: 1.1-10.5; n=48 pts). Overall response rates were 71.4% and 60.4%, respectively (Figure). Responses were observed in 10/18 pts (55.6%) overall who had received prior anti-BCMA therapies and 18/28 pts (64.2%) who had high-risk cytogenetics. Median time to first response in the IV and SC cohorts was 1.4 months (95% CI: 1.2-1.8) and 1.6 months (1.2-2.1), respectively. Duration of response (DoR) data were immature at cut-off. Responses were ongoing in 24/35 pts (68.6%) in the IV cohorts and in 26/29 (89.7%) in the SC cohorts, with a maximum DoR of 12.9 months and 8.8 months, respectively. Biomarker data demonstrated rapid T-cell activation and T cell-mediated anti-MM activity irrespective of administration route (Dekhtiarenko et al. ASH 2022). Anti-drug antibody incidence was low (IV: 7.8%; SC: 1.8%), and impacted RG6234 PK and efficacy in one pt (1.0%) only. Conclusions: RG6234 is highly active in pts with heavily pretreated RRMM when administered IV or SC. AEs are consistent with its MOA and target distribution. Evaluation and optimization of IV and SC dosing is ongoing. Updated data will be presented. Figure 1View largeDownload PPTFigure 1View largeDownload PPT Close modal

Effects of dupilumab on hair in patients with atopic dermatitis - a review of the literature

Dupilumab is a recombinant human monoclonal antibody of the IgG4 class. Its mechanism of action can most broadly be described as inhibition of interleukin 4 and 13-mediated signal transduction. These cytokines are the main drivers of inflammatory diseases such as atopic dermatitis (AD) and asthma. Currently, dupilumab is the subject of many studies and scientific articles. More and more papers are being written about the efficacy of this drug and the side effects. Based on publications from the PubMed database, we present selected cases of atopic dermatitis patients who experienced uncharacteristic and unclear hair-related changes, such as hair loss, growth and change in hair colour, after dupilumab administration.

Hair manifestations in factory workers with arsenic exposure in Hayatabad industrial estate Peshawar, Pakistan

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: Arsenic is present both naturally and from manmade sources like factory effluents. Contamination by arsenic of the groundwater is a major source of health detriment in south-east Asian countries. The aim of this study was to identify levels of arsenic in drinking water sources and factory effluents and to analyse arsenic levels in hair samples from factory workers and their families, along with morphological changes in hair in industrial workers in Peshawar.
 METHODOLOGY: Water and hair samples were collected by random sampling from a labor colony of 81 factory and non-factory household members living and working in the same industrial estate and analyzed for arsenic. Hair morphology was carried out in histomorphology laboratory at Khyber Medical University, Peshawar. The results obtained from both groups were compared with normal hair histomorphology. The data was analyzed by using SPSS version 20.
 RESULTS: The arsenic level in drinking water, colony tube wells and households was not within the permissible level of WHO (10µg/L). The arsenic level in factory effluent was 68µg/l (Pakistan Government's acceptable level is 50µg/L). The difference was statistically significant p≤0.001 between the two groups, the factory workers had a relatively higher level of arsenic, ~34ppb, in their scalp hair. Hair arsenic level also came out to be <1.00µg/g. There was a wide variation in the histomorphology of the hair samples in both groups.
 CONCLUSION: Elevated levels of arsenic in factory effluent demonstrate improper decontamination. The arsenic levels were within permissible levels, long term effects cannot be ruled out.

Nail Changes during Pregnancy: A Cross-Sectional Survey of Patients at an Academic Center

Introduction: Physiological changes in skin and hair are common during pregnancy. There are limited data on nail changes during pregnancy. Therefore, our study objectives were to determine prevalence and types of nail changes in pregnant women. Methods: A prospective study was conducted in the Weill Cornell Obstetrics and Gynecology waiting room, where a 32-question survey was administered to pregnant and nonpregnant patients. Results: There was a total of 167 subjects (73 pregnant, 94 nonpregnant). Nail changes were reported by 25/73 (34.2%) and 12/94 (12.8%) pregnant and nonpregnant women, respectively (p < 0.05). Onychocryptosis and leukonychia were more common in pregnant (12.3% and 13.7%, respectively) versus nonpregnant women (5.3% and 0%, respectively) (p < 0.05). The majority of patients reported no changes in nail growth, thickness, brittleness, during their pregnancies. Discussion/Conclusion: Most nail changes in pregnant and nonpregnant women are similar. Physicians should educate women that onychocryptosis and leukonychia are common and benign findings during pregnancy.

Videodermoscopic Changes of the Hair in Vitiligo Lesions in Relation to Disease Duration.

Vitiligo is an acquired disease of complex pathogenesis, in which the immunologic attack to the skin and hair follicle melanocytes leads to areas of depigmentation and leukotrichia, respectively. To study the dermoscopic features of the hair changes in vitiligo lesions in comparison to perilesional control areas and in relation to disease duration. Forty-seven patients with both old and recent vitiligo lesions were included. Dermoscopic features of hair within the lesions were examined and compared to those in perilesional non depigmented skin of the same patient. Hair density (P < 0.001), terminal hair rate (P = 0.011), terminal to vellus hair ratio (P = 0.029) and mean hair shaft thickness (P = 0.031) were significantly decreased, whereas vellus hair rate (P = 0.011) was significantly increased in old vitiligo lesions compared to their respective control areas. The frequency of broken hair was significantly higher in old lesions (P < 0.001), while that of upright re-growing hair was significantly higher in recent lesions (P = 0.016). Hair involvement in vitiligo lesions is not only limited to the development of leukotrichia. Other subtle changes in hair density, anagen and telogen hair rates, and mean hair thickness can be detected. These changes may serve as objective clues to the duration of the lesions.

Clinical Findings and Dental Manifestations Associated With Microcephalic Osteodysplastic Primordial Dwarfism Type II: A Case Report

Background: Microcephalic Osteodysplastic Primordial Dwarfism type 2 (MOPD II) is a rare untreatable genetic disorder characterized by severe prenatal and postnatal growth retardation, microcephaly, bird-headed face (receding forehead and chin, a beaklike nose, and prominent eyes), skeletal abnormalities, abnormal dentition, abnormal hair and skin changes, high-pitched nasal voice, and an increased risk for insulin resistance and cerebrovascular disease. MOPDII is caused by mutations in the pericentrin gene and is inherited in an autosomal recessive manner. This study aims to report a MOPD II child patient. Case Presentation: A seven-year-old girl genetically diagnosed with MOPD II has been presented in this case report. Clinical, radiological, and laboratory findings with emphasis on oral features have been reported, and her dental problems management has also been described. Conclusions: MOPD II patients have a shorter life expectancy. The main health complications which need regular care include vascular changes of the central nervous system, diabetes mellitus, renal problems, blood pressure, cardiac pathologies, and hematologic profile. MOPD II patients have a high risk of caries because they consume soft and cariogenic foods due to microdontia, oligodontia, and an incompetent masticatory system. On the other hand, dental treatment for such patients can be very challenging. MOPD II cases and their families should be aware of the importance of oral hygiene and routine dental follow-ups.

Age-Related Carbonylation of Hair Causes Irregular Shapes

This study focused on black and white hairs in individuals over the age of 40 and analyzed qualitative changes of age-related hair. Water-related irregular shapes increased with aging for both high-and low-humidity conditions. Careful observance of the difference between black and white hair revealed that the water-related irregular shape of white hair increased. The result of real-time examinations of water behavior by means of Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) microscopy revealed an increase of water penetration and decrease of water holding capacity in white hair. The amount of carbonylated proteins, which have been known an indicator of aging, was significantly greater in white hair than black hair over the age of 50. These results suggested that the carbonylation of interior proteins changed water behavior and was the cause of hair shape. Furthermore, it was considered until now that carbonylated proteins could not return to their previous form, but reductive amination treatments using 5-ethyl-2-methylpyridine borane (PEMB) were revealed to reduce the amount of carbonylated proteins, improving water behavior and hair shape. From the above, further quality-of-life (QOL) improvements can be brought about by not only applying color correction to white hair with conventional coloring, but also combining this with hair shape correction based on reductive amination.

Premenstrual symptoms across the lifespan in an international sample: data from a mobile application

Premenstrual symptoms, including physical and mood symptoms, affect a large proportion of women worldwide. Data on premenstrual symptoms across nations and age groups is limited. In the present study, we leveraged a large international dataset to explore patterns in premenstrual symptom frequency with age. A survey was administered to users of the Flo mobile application (app), aged 18 to 55. The survey queried app users about a range of premenstrual symptoms. Respondents were asked whether they experienced each symptom every menstrual cycle, some cycles, or never. Age was also captured and categorized as 18–27, 28–37, 38–47, 48–55. Data was summarized and Pearson’s chi square test for count data assessed differences in symptom frequency by age group. A sample of 238,114 app users from 140 countries responded to the survey. The most common symptoms reported were food cravings (85.28%), mood swings or anxiety (64.18%), and fatigue (57.3%). Absentmindedness, low libido, sleep changes, gastrointestinal symptoms, weight gain, headaches, sweating or hot flashes, fatigue, hair changes, rashes, and swelling were significantly more frequent with increasing age (p’s < 0.001). Mood swings and anxiety did not vary by age group. Of the respondents, 28.61% reported that premenstrual symptoms interfered with their everyday life each menstrual cycle. In a large international sample, the majority of women reported premenstrual food cravings, mood changes, and fatigue every menstrual cycle. Mood symptoms did not vary by age group, suggesting that premenstrual mood changes are a persistent issue among women of reproductive age.

Protection of hair color with pomegranate peel extract-loaded liposomal formulation: Preparation, characterization, and ex-vivo activity studies.

Pomegranate peel extract is known as a powerful antioxidant and due to preventing oxidation, it can reduce color change of dyed hair after washing. Liposomes are vesicular systems that include lipids and can form a film on hair fibers. Delivery system and active agent have a synergistic effect on protecting hair color and reducing dyeing frequency. This study aimed to prepare liposomes suspension as an innovative formulation of pomegranate peel extract to reduce hair color changing. Pomegranate peel extract-loaded liposomes were prepared with lipidic film hydration method. The characterizations of formulations (F1 and F2) were defined by several parameters. The pH, particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, microscopical image, loading capacity (LC), and encapsulation efficiency (EE) of formulations were determined. The antioxidant capacity of formulations and actives were tested. The effect of formulations on hair color change was shown with ex-vivo studies. The results showed that cholesterol influenced particle size, zeta potential, and antioxidant capacity. The particle sizes of formulations were 217.71 ± 6.74 nm and 577.5 ± 1.41 nm for F1 and F2, respectively. F2 formulation had better results for zeta potential (33.8mV) while F1 was neutral. Morphologic images confirmed vesicular structure or liposomes. The EE was found higher for F2 than F1 (F1: 57.14 and F2: 78.69). Antioxidant studies confirmed that active substance and the vesicular system had a synergistic effect on protection from oxidation. Selected formulation reduced hair color change as shown in ex-vivo tests. Pomegranate peel extract-loaded liposomes were designed for hair color protection. It was shown with this study that prepared formulations have a good color protection on hair fibers due to antioxidant properties of pomegranate peel extract and film forming effect of liposomal formulations. According to results, prepared liposomal formulations may serve as a good alternative for reducing dyeing frequency and protecting hair fibers.

Sex differences in clinical trials of ALRV5XR treatment of androgenetic alopecia and telogen effluvium.

IntroductionALRV5XR treatment of androgenetic alopecia (AGA) and telogen effluvium (TE) has early evidence of regenerating a normal scalp hair phenotype in both sexes.DesignWe performed two 24-week double-blinded placebo-controlled comparison trials, one in each sex, on the ALRV5XR treatment effect on hair regeneration, in AGA and TE, in 92 AGA subjects (24 also had TE). Forty-six women (age 24–64 years) and 46 men (age 22–63 years) were randomized 1:1 to either ALRV5XR or placebo regimens (one b.i.d. oral capsule and daily administration of shampoo, conditioner, and follicle serum).EvaluationPrimary outcomes: Absolute and relative changes in terminal hair (TH) density. Secondary outcomes: Response rate, changes in vellus hair (VH) density, TH/VH ratio, hair diameter, growth, and shedding rate.ResultsForty-one women (20 ALRV5XR, 21 placebo) and 36 men (17 ALRV5XR, 19 placebo) completed the trials. TH outcome was evaluable for 18 and 21 women and 11 and 11 men (ALRV5XR, placebo, respectively). Efficacy in women: 30.1 THs/cm2 (p = 0.0002) and 19.7% (p = 0.0016). Efficacy in men: 21.0 THs/cm2 (p = 0.0014) and 16.4% (p = 0.0012). 66.7% of women and 100% of men responded to ALRV5XR. TH/VH ratio for men increased 33.0% (p = 0.0033). Growth rate in women increased by 30.7 μm/24 h (p < 0.0001) and 10.0% (p < 0.0001). There were no adverse events reported.Conclusion and relevanceALRV5XR induced significant regrowth of TH. Accelerating regrowth by reactivation of dormant telogen follicles were the dominant effects in women. Thickening of miniaturized hair and regrowth of dormant telogen follicles contributed equally to the increased TH seen in men (see Graphical ).