Changes In Electrical Parameters Research Articles

Impact of an interrupted mechanical deformation on the electrical behavior of commercial lithium-ion pouch cells with varied aging histories for battery qualification

This study investigates the influence of non-critical mechanical deformations, i.e., without internal short circuit (ISC), on lithium-ion batteries and examines their correlation with changes in electrical parameters. Nine commercial 50 Ah NMC111/Graphite pouch cells with diverse aging histories were electrochemically cycled before and after a controlled mechanical deformation. The results revealed consistent alterations in electrical parameters after deformation, including state of health (SOH) upon discharging, Coulombic efficiency, constant current discharge time (CCDT), voltage relaxation profile (VRP) voltage, VRP slope, and Area VdQ. Morphological changes due to deformation affected the overall electrical cell behavior. The deformation-induced effects are attributed to electrolyte shifting and electrode cracking which leads to loss of active material (LAM), whereas the morphological changes directly contributed to increased internal resistance (IRI) and an increase in the heterogeneity of the current distribution over the electrode surface. Distinct effects were observed in different-aged cells, with non-electrically aged cells being more affected by the electrode cracking and the current imbalances increase. The study underscores the high importance of early detection of non-critical mechanical deformations for ensuring battery safety and makes valuable contributions to battery qualification and the assessment of second-life batteries.

Pulsed field ablation in patients with cardiac implantable electronic devices: an ex vivo assessment of safety.

Pulse field ablation (PFA) is a novel catheter ablation technology with potential safety benefits due to its tissue selectivity. It has the potential to directly damage or interact with the functionality of cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) in the form of electromagnetic interference (EMI). The aim of our study was to assess the impact of PFA on CIEDs. PFA lesions (45 per CIED) were applied from the Farapulse system to CIEDs (< 5 cm from the lead tip and < 15 cm from the generator). All devices were checked before and after PFA application for proper sensing and pacing functionality as well as for integrity of shock circuits in ICDs using a heart simulator. Moreover, devices were then interrogated for any spontaneous reprogramming, mode switching or other EMI effects. In total, 44 CIEDs were tested (16 pacemaker, 21 ICDs, 7 CRT-P/D) with 1980 PFA applications. There was no change in device settings, functionality and electrical parameters, and there was no macroscopic damage to the devices. The risk of damage to the electric components or leads on a patient-based analysis is 0/44 (95% CI 0-8%) and on a PFA pulse-based analysis is 0/1980 (95% CI 0-0.2%). Clinically relevant EMI appeared with oversensing and pacing inhibition but not tachycardia detection. Bipolar PFA appears safe and does not result in damage to CIEDs or leads. Clinically relevant EMI does occur, but appropriate peri-procedural programming may mitigate this. In vivo studies are needed to confirm our findings.

Microwave biosensor for the detection of growth inhibition of human liver cancer cells at different concentrations of chemotherapeutic drug.

Cytotoxicity assays are crucial for assessing the efficacy of drugs in killing cancer cells and determining their potential therapeutic value. Measurement of the effect of drug concentration, which is an influence factor on cytotoxicity, is of great importance. This paper proposes a cytotoxicity assay using microwave sensors in an end-point approach based on the detection of the number of live cells for the first time. In contrast to optical methods like fluorescent labeling, this research uses a resonator-type microwave biosensor to evaluate the effects of drug concentrations on cytotoxicity by monitoring electrical parameter changes due to varying cell densities. Initially, the feasibility of treating cells with ultrapure water for cell counting by a microwave biosensor is confirmed. Subsequently, inhibition curves generated by both the CCK-8 method and the new microwave biosensor for various drug concentrations were compared and found to be congruent. This agreement supports the potential of microwave-based methods to quantify cell growth inhibition by drug concentrations.

Study on Radiation Damage of Silicon Solar Cell Electrical Parameters by Nanosecond Pulse Laser

This experimental study investigates the damage effects of nanosecond pulse laser irradiation on silicon solar cells. It encompasses the analysis of transient pulse signal waveform characteristics at the cells’ output and changes in electrical parameters, such as I–V curves before and after laser irradiation under varying laser fluence and background light intensities, and explores the underlying action mechanisms of laser irradiation. The study reveals that as the laser fluence increases up to 4.0 J/cm2, the peak value of the transient pulse signal increases by 47.5%, while the pulse width augments by 88.2% compared to the initial transient pulse signal. Furthermore, certain parameters, such as open-circuit voltage, short-circuit current, and peak power obtained, from the measured I–V curve indicate a threshold laser fluence for functional degradation of the solar cell at approximately 1.18 ± 0.42 J/cm2. Results obtained from laser irradiation under different background light intensities underscore the significant influence of background light on laser irradiation of silicon cells, with the most severe damage occurring in the absence of light. Moreover, findings from laser irradiation at multiple locations on the silicon cell demonstrate a linear decrease in the output voltage of the silicon cell with an increase in the number of irradiation points.

A rapid detection method for diesel content in diesel-contaminated soil based on dielectric measurement and oven-drying tests

Geophysical testing techniques have been successfully applied to identify light non-aqueous phase liquids in soils, but challenges remain in rapidly detecting contaminant content. Detection of contaminants in soil using geophysical testing techniques relies on sensors sensitive to electrical and electromagnetic parameter changes. In this study, the complex permittivity of silty clay contaminated with 0# diesel was measured using an open-ended coaxial probe at frequencies from 200–3000 MHz, and the four-phase dielectric mixing models were evaluated. The measurement results showed that the complex refractive index method (CRIM) model provided a better match with the real permittivity of the four-phase system between 500–3000 MHz with relative errors within an acceptable range of 4%. To eliminate the unknown variable in the CRIM model, an improved equation for the relationship between water content and diesel content of the watery diesel-contaminated silty clay was established by the oven-drying method. Thus, a method for the rapid quantitative detection of the diesel content in contaminated soil has been developed based on dielectric measurement and oven-drying tests. The relative error between the calculated and actual set diesel content for ten manually configured diesel-contaminated soil samples was within 10%, with a maximum error of 15.75%.

Real-Time Detection of Yeast Growth on Solid Medium through Passive Microresonator Biosensor.

This study presents a biosensor fabricated based on integrated passive device (IPD) technology to measure microbial growth on solid media in real-time. Yeast (Pichia pastoris, strain GS115) is used as a model organism to demonstrate biosensor performance. The biosensor comprises an interdigital capacitor in the center with a helical inductive structure surrounding it. Additionally, 12 air bridges are added to the capacitor to increase the strength of the electric field radiated by the biosensor at the same height. Feasibility is verified by using a capacitive biosensor, and the change in capacitance values during the capacitance detection process with the growth of yeast indicates that the growth of yeast can induce changes in electrical parameters. The proposed IPD-based biosensor is used to measure yeast drop-added on a 3 mm medium for 100 h at an operating frequency of 1.84 GHz. The resonant amplitude of the biosensor varies continuously from 24 to 72 h due to the change in colony height during vertical growth of the yeast, with a maximum change of 0.21 dB. The overall measurement results also fit well with the Gompertz curve. The change in resonant amplitude between 24 and 72 h is then analyzed and reveals a linear relationship with time with a coefficient of determination of 0.9844, indicating that the biosensor is suitable for monitoring yeast growth. Thus, the proposed biosensor is proved to have potential in the field of microbial proliferation detection.

Single-event burnout resilient design of 4H-SiC MOSFETs through staircase-like buffer layer

With the rapid development of SiC materials, high-power devices such as SiC MOSFETs have been widely used in aerospace, new energy, nuclear applications, and other fields. This places higher demands on their reliability, especially about radiation effects. This paper proposes a 4H-SiC staircase-like buffer layer MOSFET (SBL-MOSFET) with a hardened structure against single-event burnout (SEB). A comparison is made with conventional VD-MOSFET, gauss buffer layer MOSFET (GBL-MOSFET), and double buffer layer MOSFET (DBL-MOSFET) through TCAD simulations. The performance of the SBL-MOSFET against single-event burnout is studied by investigating the electric field distribution, impact ionization rate, hole concentration, and lattice temperature. The simulation results demonstrate that the staircase-like buffer layer structure effectively improves the distribution of high electric field, reduces the impact ionization rate, and thus increases the SEB threshold voltage compared to other structures. The proposed SBL-MOSFET exhibits a 67.5 % improvement in single-event burnout threshold voltage compared to the conventional VD-MOSFET, with slight degradation of breakdown voltage and leakage current. Meanwhile, there is no significant change in other electrical parameters.

Modeling of high uncertainty photovoltaic generation in quasi dynamic power flow on distribution systems: A case study in Java Island, Indonesia

Integrating uncertainties associated with photovoltaic (PV) generation is an important aspect used to ensure the planning and operation of power distribution systems. Therefore, this research proposed an uncertainty model for PV generation by combining the methods of change point detection, cyclic k-means clustering (KMC), Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) with freedman diaconis estimator (FDE), and KMC with soft-dynamic time warping (DTW). Firstly, a seasonal split was performed using change point detection techniques and cyclic KMC to identify shifts in global horizontal irradiance (GHI) points. Secondly, the uncertainty of the GHI was generated using MCS for each season and the FDE method to optimize the number of bins of the data distribution. Finally, the PV generation curve from MCS was simplified through KMC with the soft-DTW metric, which facilitated a more straightforward representation of a PV profile. The impact of PV profile integration on quasi-dynamic power flow was tested on an IEEE 33 Bus system. The voltage profile on the feeder significantly impacted the PV integration, specifically during hours when high PV power is produced. For instance, at 11:00 a.m., voltage values on buses 18, 17, and 33 increased from 0.933, 0.934, and 0.935, respectively, to 0.982, 0.980, and 0.972. Similarly, with the value of power losses, the greater the PV power profile produced at a certain hour, the smaller the losses generated. The experimental results of the uncertainties PV model proposed in this research indicated that changes in electrical parameters change over time according to the input PV power profile produced.

Influence of Electrical Circuit Parameter Changes on the Local Stability of a Three-Phase Cage Induction Motor Fed with Variable Frequency

The paper presents the mathematical support and the results of some simulations related to a new method of analyzing the stability of induction motors powered at variable frequency. After a brief introduction to the proposed issue, the mathematical model of the motor, written with relative values, is detailed. Taking this model as a starting point, a Matlab stability analysis program was created. By running this program, a series of graphs were obtained, detailed in the paper (two graphs are represented each, obtained for different conditions, which facilitate their comparison and obtaining conclusions). They refer to four specific cases regarding the modification of static inductance, rotor inductance, stator resistance and rotor resistance. Analyzing these graphs, the necessary conclusions were drawn. The conclusions are important, mainly in the design phase of the machine, to finalize the structure corresponding to the most stable operation of the drive system with asynchronous motor and static voltage and frequency converter. They highlight the influences of the most important parameters of the motor on the stability of the functioning of systems with such a structure. The paper ends with a representative bibliography for the proposed study.

Electrical bioimpedance analysis and comparison in biological tissues through crystalloid solutions implementation

Electrical bioimpedance is a non-invasive and radiation-free technique that was proposed to be used in different clinical areas, however, its practical use is limited due to its low capacity to discriminate between tissues. In order to overcome this limitation, our research group proposes to incorporate the contrast media into the electrical bioimpedance procedure. The main objective of the present study was to assess the crystalloid solutions as a possible contrast media to discriminate between different tissue types in the bioimpedance technique. Two medical-grade crystalloid solutions (Hartmann and NaCl 0.9%) were injected into three biological ex vivo models: kidney, liver, and brain. BIOPAC system was used to acquire bioimpedance data before and after the injections. The data was adjusted to the Debye electrical model. The analysis of measured values showed substantial bioimpedance disparities in tissues subjected to isotonic solutions. The NaCl solution exhibited more pronounced changes in electrical parameters compared to the Hartmann solution. Similarly, NaCl solution displayed superior discriminatory capabilities among tissues, with variations of 465%, 157%, and 206%. Distinct spectral modifications were identified, with tissues demonstrating unique responses at each frequency of analysis relative to untreated tissue. Variations in bandwidth alterations were discernible among tissues, providing clear distinctions. In conclusion, the research showed that the crystalloid solution exhibited greater sensitivity and superior tissue contrast at specific frequencies. This study's findings underscore the feasibility of implementing crystalloid solutions to enhance tissue discrimination, similar to the effects of contrast agents.

Fabrication of molecularly imprinted polymer‐based interdigital sensor for L‐ascorbic acid

The level of L‐ascorbic acid (AA) in various natural and artificial foods, medicines and other substances must be determined for biological and agricultural purposes. In this study, an AA‐imprinted poly (methacrylic acid)‐based receptor was synthesized by thermal free‐radical bulk polymerization for the detection of ascorbic acid using the methacrylic acid as monomer, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) as cross‐linker, and azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as initiator, in the presence of a porogenic solvent dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). The synthesized molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) was used as a receptor. Immobilization of the receptor layer on IDEs provided a suitable sensor for AA detection by measuring changes in electrical parameters including inductance, capacitance, and resistance with the help of LCR meter. In the series and parallel inductance, the lowest detection limits were 0.13 and 0.001 ppm, respectively. While, for series and parallel capacitance, the lowest detection limits were 0.01548 and 1.3698 ppm, respectively. In the case of resistance, the lowest limit of detection was 0.0076 and 0.08121 ppm in series and parallel, respectively. The imprinted polymer‐based sensor showed sensitivity, selectivity, and reversibility for ascorbic acid.

Mechanical behavior and microstructure of porcine brain tissues under pulsed electric fields.

Pulsed electric fields are extensively utilized in clinical treatments, such as subthalamic deep brain stimulation, where electric field loading is in direct contact with brain tissue. However, the alterations in brain tissue's mechanical properties and microstructure due to changes in electric field parameters have not received adequate attention. In this study, the mechanical properties and microstructure of the brain tissue under pulsed electric fields were focused on. Herein, a custom indentation device was equipped with a module for electric field loading. Parameters such as pulse amplitude and frequency were adjusted. The results demonstrated that following an indentation process lasting 5s and reaching a depth of 1000 μm, and a relaxation process of 175s, the average shear modulus of brain tissue was reduced, and viscosity decreased. At the same amplitude, high-frequency pulsed electric fields had a smaller effect on brain tissue than low-frequency ones. Furthermore, pulsed electric fields induced cell polarization and reduced the proteoglycan concentration in brain tissue. As pulse frequency increased, cell polarization diminished, and proteoglycan concentration decreased significantly. High-frequency pulsed electric fields applied to brain tissue were found to reduce impedance fluctuation amplitude. This study revealed the effect of pulsed electric fields on the mechanical properties and microstructure of ex vivo brain tissue, providing essential information to promote the advancement of brain tissue electrotherapy in clinical settings.

Development of modulation, pairing mechanism, and slip system with optimum vanadium substitution at Bi-sites in Bi-2212 ceramic structure

Present study focuses extensively on the change in electrical, superconducting and microhardness parameters with partial substitution of trivalent V+3 impurities replacing Bi+3 ions in Bi-2212 ceramic compound with the aid of dc electrical resistivity and microhardness test measurements. Experimental findings, calculation results, and phenomenological discussions provide that the optimum vanadium substitution level is found to be x = 0.01 in the Bi2.0-xVxSr2.0Ca1.1Cu2.0Oy (Bi-2212) ceramic system for the highest conductivity, crystallinity quality, superconducting, and mechanical performance features depending on the decreased microscopic structural problems. All the findings are wholly verified by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-Ray diffraction (XRD) analyses. The dc electrical measurements indicate that the optimum vanadium ions support the pairing mechanism for the formation of new polaronic states in the clusters of microdomains, and hence expand superconducting energy gap due to the enhancement of amplitude part of pair wave function in the spin-density wave systems. The excess vanadium content degrades all the basic thermodynamics and quantum mechanical quantities mentioned due to the stress-induced phase transformation. Numerically, the Bi-2212 advanced ceramic matrix prepared by the optimum vanadium impurity is noticed to present the smallest residual resistivity value of 0.08 mΩ cm, room temperature resistivity value of 8.84 mΩ cm, and broadening degree of 0.36 K. Similarly, the ceramic material is found to possess the highest residual resistivity ratio of 3.05, carrier concentration number of 0.153041, critical transition offset and onset value of 84.66 K and 85.02 K, respectively. Besides, the microhardness findings reveal that the same compound with the least sensitivity to the applied test loads exhibits the largest Hv value of 4.799 GPa, Young's moduli of 393.303 GPa, yield strength of (0.969 GPa), and elastic stiffness coefficient of 15.5574 (GPa)7/4 under the applied test load of 0.245 N. The XRD investigations show that the presence of optimum vanadium impurity supports the formation of a high superconducting phase, c-axis length, and average crystallite size. All the findings are morphologically confirmed by the SEM images. It is found that the crystallographically best crystallinity quality and view of surface morphology is observed for the optimum vanadium substitution level. All in all, new higher properties for the conductivity, crystallinity quality, surface morphology, superconducting, and microhardness parameters based on the optimum vanadium replacement encourage the Bi-2212 crystal system to use in much more application places.

Numerical analysis of aerospace plate damage via 3D electrical impedance tomography.

The carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) is widely used in the aerospace industry due to its high strength and lightweight characteristics, making it crucial to ensure the reliability of these materials. This has led to an increasing focus on research on the health monitoring technologies of aerospace materials. Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) is a non-invasive and cost-effective technology that has the potential to realize real-time health monitoring of materials by measuring changes in electrical parameters. This paper investigates the application of EIT for direct 3D reconstruction of damage in CFRP laminates with significant conductivity anisotropy distribution. Based on the corrected sensitivity matrix formula, the direct 3D image reconstruction method combined with the fast iterative shrinkage-thresholding algorithm (FISTA) is proposed to achieve damage imaging of CFRP laminates in the inverse problem. The fast convergence of the FISTA makes it possible to solve complex inverse problems. The numerical simulation results indicate that, compared with 2D EIT, the proposed method is more capable of providing damage information, especially in the depth direction. This research plays a constructive role in realizing 3D image reconstruction of CFRP material damage and has significant implications for improving the reliability and safety of CFRP materials in aerospace applications.

Enhanced surface insulation for SiO2/epoxy resin composites through co-modification of nanofiller with silane coupling agent and plasma

To enhance the surface insulation properties of SiO2/epoxy resin composites, the SiO2 filler is co-modified with a chemical method and dielectric barrier discharge plasma in this work. The effects on the micro-structures, electrical parameters and surface insulation properties of the materials are studied. The results show that chemical modification using the silane coupling agent (KH550) can effectively introduce organo-functional groups into SiO2 filler. On the other hand, plasma modification shows little effect on the organo-functional group but significantly increases the dispersity of the nanoparticles, therefore reducing filler conglobation in epoxy resin composite. The composite samples with SiO2 doping concentration of 1 wt.%, 2 wt.%, 3 wt.%, 5 wt.% and 7 wt.% are prepared and characterized. It is found that the synergy of chemical and plasma methods could significantly improve the surface insulation of composite samples. Through doping 2 wt.% of the co-modified SiO2 filler, the direct current flashover voltage of the composites in dry air at atmospheric pressure can be increased to 1.53 times of the pure epoxy. The enhanced surface insulation properties are explained by the trap effect and the change of electrical parameters through the co-modification process.

Design and characterization of a continuous solar simulator for photovoltaic modules with automatic I-V curve acquisition system

This paper presents the development, characterization, and testing of a continuous large-area solar simulator for PV modules with an automatic I-V curve acquisition system and the results of a CIGS PV module over 25 h of light soaking. The simulator was developed to perform the IEC 61215 stabilization test and automatic characterization of PV modules during indoor testing. The equipment records the I-V curves of the PV module at programmed time intervals so that the change in the electrical characteristics of the PV modules can be tracked over time. The test plane has an area of 1.2 × 2 m and an irradiance of 800 W/m2. The simulator was installed in a container and consists of 16 metal halide lamps of 1 kW each. The simulator is characterized by temporal instability, spatial non-uniformity, and spectral mismatch, resulting in CCB classification. The I-V curves of the tested PV module were measured every 30 s, with 200 I-V points per curve. The power change of the tested module occurs mainly in the first 12 min and stabilizes after about 5 h under the conditions selected for the test. The developed device can save significant resources compared to commercial continuous solar simulators. The ability to automatically track changes in PV module electrical parameters during light-soaking tests is presented in detail and provides important information for future work related to the development and characterization of solar simulators of this type.

Structural, optical and dielectric properties of chemical vapor transport based synthesis of rice-like nanostructured cadmium zinc oxide films

The cadmium zinc oxide (Cd-ZnO) films are synthesized on glass substrate at 200 sccm argon gas flow rate by chemical vapor transport technique. The synthesized Cd-ZnO films are investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), Raman, Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and UV spectrometers. The XRD patterns exhibits the development of various diffraction planes related to Zn, ZnO and CdO phases thereby confirms the formation of polycrystalline Cd-ZnO films. The structural parameters like crystallinity, crystallite size, d-spacing, microstrains, dislocation density, degree of distortion, atomic packing fraction, lattice parameter, bond length and atomic packing factor are associated with increasing weights of Cd powder. The formation of chemical bonding, substitution of Cd+ into ZnO are confirmed by Raman, FTIR and SEM analysis. Red shift in absorption edge and increasing transmittance (> 90%) are associated with increasing weights of Cd powder. Refractive index (2.58–2.63) and energy band gap (3.11–2.87 eV) are increased/decreased with increasing weights of Cd powder. The change in optical, electrical and dielectric parameters of synthesized Cd-ZnO films are strongly associated with increasing weights of Cd powder. Results show that the synthesized Cd-ZnO films can be used for optoelectronics devices.

Impedance Measurement for the Monitoring of In Vitro Cells Cultured in the Presence of Electromagnetic Waves

This paper explores the possibility of using the impedance measurement method used to monitor morphological changes in culture cells for use in cultures in the presence of an electromagnetic field generated by a mobile phone. For this purpose, we used Electric Cell–Substrate Impedance Sensing (ECIS), which is a real-time, label-free, impedance-based method to study cell behaviors in tissue culture. As part of the work, a device enabling the connection in a climatic chamber was prepared without the need to interfere with environmental conditions, and a test culture of mouse fibroblasts was performed. The device based on the Arduino UNO programmable platform worked like a mobile phone. During cell proliferation, it was connected to the device three times and a change in electrical parameters in the measuring system was observed. During the phone call, there was a clear change in the values of the measured parameters. However, analysis of the obtained results indicated that there was little or no effect of the presence of the electromagnetic field on the cell culture, while the observed changes in the values of impedance, resistance, and capacitance are most likely due to the separation of positive and negative medium ions in the electromagnetic field. The application of the presented method seems possible; however, in order to eliminate the separation of ions, a different type of antenna should be designed to emit a homogeneous field to the entire well.

Influence of over-voltage on LiFePO4 cell and its elements of battery equivalent scheme

The over-voltage effect on a LiFePO4-based cell is discussed in this article. A full overview of the infrastructure required to accomplish a controlled over-voltage of an electric cell is provided. This article examines the waveform of cell over-voltage, changes in electrical parameters, cell temperature, and cell size change in detail. The influence of over-voltage on the parameters of the internal equivalent replacement electrical scheme is the major focus of the article. The detailed parameter change of elements R and C of the equivalent replacement electrical scheme is depicted graphically in relation to the quantity of energy contained in the tested cell (current SOC).

Spectral diagnosis of atmospheric pressure AC argon plasma jet at constant power

In the application of atmospheric pressure plasma jet, because the frequency of AC power supply is limited in the kHz range, the research on the influence of power supply electrical parameters on discharge is basically aimed at the variation of plasma jet characteristics with a single driving electrical parameter ( such as voltage and frequency). However, the discharge power usually changes with a single electrical parameter changing, which can undoubtedly affect the discharge performances including the plasma physical parameters and generated reactive species, resulting in the failure to reflect the influence of the single driving parameter on the discharge. In this study, an atmospheric pressure argon plasma jet is driven by a home-made AC power supply with adjustable pulse modulated duty cycle. And combining the diagnosis of the optical emission spectrum and the optical absorption spectrum, the influences of the voltage, frequency and pulse modulated duty cycle parameters on the gas temperature &lt;i&gt;T&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;g&lt;/sub&gt;, electron excitation temperature &lt;i&gt;T&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;exc&lt;/sub&gt;, electron density &lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;e&lt;/sub&gt;, and OH radical particle number density of the plasma jet are studied under a constant discharge power of 2 W. The results show that at the constant power, the electron density n&lt;sub&gt;e&lt;/sub&gt; does not change with the variation of electrical parameters as the linkage change of electrical parameters will offset the influence of a single parameter on the electron density, while the gas temperature &lt;i&gt;T&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;g&lt;/sub&gt;, electron excitation temperature &lt;i&gt;T&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;exc&lt;/sub&gt;, and OH radical particle density are most affected by the pulse modulated duty cycle, followed by driving voltage, and the frequency effect is the smallest. Under the constant power, as the frequency decreases, the voltage will increase, and also the gas temperature &lt;i&gt;T&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;g&lt;/sub&gt;, electron excitation temperature &lt;i&gt;T&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;exc&lt;/sub&gt;, and OH radical particle number density will increase. On the contrary, although the voltage also increases as the pulse modulated duty cycle decreases, the gas temperature &lt;i&gt;T&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;g&lt;/sub&gt;, electron excitation temperature &lt;i&gt;T&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;exc&lt;/sub&gt;, and OH radical particle number density are all reduced. In addition, the results indicate that reducing the duty cycle of AC power can make the atmospheric pressure plasma jet produce more OH radicals at lower gas temperature. This study provides a new insight into the influence of electrical parameters on the characteristics of atmospheric pressure plasma jets under constant power, and also presents a guidance for choosing power parameters of plasma jets with low gas temperature and high density of reactive species, which is conducive to the development of atmospheric pressure plasma jets in biomedicine and other fields.