Changes In Body Measurements Research Articles

Body measurement changes in adults with pectus excavatum after the Nuss procedure: a study of 272 patients

BackgroundPectus excavatum (PE) is the most common congenital abnormality of the chest wall. Most patients with PE have slim bodies. Some studies have been conducted on the physical growth of children and adolescents who underwent the Nuss procedure. This study aimed to evaluate body measurement changes in adult patients with PE after the Nuss procedure.MethodsA total of 272 adult PE patients, who underwent the Nuss procedure and pectus bars removal from August 2014 to December 2020, were evaluated retrospectively. Body measurement [body height (BH), body weight (BW), and body mass index (BMI)] of the patients were collected before Nuss repair and after bar removal. We used the interquartile range (IQR) to identify and exclude outliers. Associations between changes in body measurement and clinical and radiological features were evaluated.ResultsThe BH, BW and BMI showed significantly increased after pectus bar removal, compared to pre-Nuss procedure parameters (BH 173.8 ± 5.9 cm vs. 173.9 ± 5.9 cm, P < 0.001; BW 60.3 ± 8.1 kg vs. 61.1 ± 8.8 kg, P = 0.005; BMI 19.9 ± 2.2 kg/m2 vs. 20.1 ± 2.4 kg/m2, P = 0.02). The same result were observed in the male subgroup, the HI ≥ 4 group and the male subgroup within the HI ≥ 4 group.ConclusionsThe BH, BW and BMI were significantly increased after completing surgical correction of PE using the Nuss procedure, particularly in young males and patients with more pronounced deformities.

Surgical outcomes of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy by single surgeon: Before and after learning curve in a non-tertiary low volume bariatric center.

In Korea, the need for bariatric surgery (BS) is increasing because of the increasing incidence of morbid obesity. There is no special training program for BS, and most BS are conducted in non-tertiary hospitals in capital area. We evaluated the surgical outcomes of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) before and after the learning curve (LC) to prove that the barrier of entry for LSG is not very high. We retrospectively analyzed the data of patients who underwent LSG in a secondary hospital without the supervision of an experienced surgeon between April 2019 and August 2022. We compared the surgical outcomes and changes in body measurements before the LC (BL) and after the LC (AL) after 1 year of follow-up. The duration of operation for BL and AL were 118.4 and 61.9min (p=0.000), respectively. No mortality was observed. There were four and eight cases of morbidity; the weight loss after 1 year was 90.6 and 89.7kg (p=0.804); changes in body mass index (BMI) were 10.3 and 10.2kg/m2 (p=0.928); excess weight loss after 1 year was 93.0 and 89.3% (p=0.762); and excess BMI loss after 1 year was 92.7 and 89.5% (p=0.807) in the BL and AL groups, respectively. %Total weight loss was 26.8 and 23.7 in the BL and AL group. There was no statistical significance of all parameters of body measurements between two groups. LSG can be safely and effectively performed by novice bariatric surgeons in non-tertiary hospitals if patients are cautiously selected. Surgical outcomes of BL and AL is not different, except for the operation time.

Effect of feed quality restriction on changes in body measurements and carcass characteristics of West African dwarf sheep

Twenty seven West African Dwarf (WAD) sheep were used for the 120 day feeding trial to determine the effects of feed quality restriction on changes in body measurements and carcass characteristics. The animals were divided into three groups of nine animals each, the control group(C), the restricted group one (R1) and the restricted group two (R2). The sheep in the control group were fed dried guinea grass (Panicum maximum) and concentrate diet for the whole period of the experiment. The R1 and R2 animals were fed dried grass for a period of 30 days and 60 days, respectively before the inclusion of concentrate diet for 60 days. The live weight was measured weekly and body measurements every two weeks. Data obtained were analyzed using one way analysis of variance. Results showed that the average values for chest girth were significantly (P&lt; 0.05) affected by duration of feed quality restriction with R2 group sheep having the highest value of 58.67 ± 1.16 cm and R1 group sheep having the lowest mean value of 53.85 ± 0.65 cm. The average values for testes girth and total dry matter intake were significantly (P&lt; 0.05) affected by duration of feed quality restriction with C group sheep having the highest values 11.33 ± 0.26 cm and 346.80 ± 0.26 g, respectively. The C group sheep also had significantly higher (P&lt; 0.05) values for live weight, withers height, shoulder width, thigh bone weight, dressing percentage and liver weight (12.75 ± 0.73 kg, 55.88 ± 0.00 cm, 19.05 ± 0.42 cm, 0.18 ± 0.03 kg, 60.47 ± 4.76 % and 0.22 ± 0.01 kg, respectively) during realimentation. In conclusion, feed restriction negatively affected live weight, total dry matter intake, chest and testes girth and it was recommended that feed supplementation during periods of feed scarcity be encouraged so as to allow animals maximise their growth and breeding potentials because animals fed grass and concentrate (C group) performed better than those fed grass only for specific periods (R1 and R2 groups).

The pace of secular changes of body measurements of children and adolescents from Kolkata (India) in the context of socioeconomic inequalities between the sexes.

To examine the pace of secular changes of selected body measurements and proportions of children and adolescents from Kolkata (India), between 1952-1966 and 1999-2011 in the context of differences between the sexes. The study group consisted of 7753 children, adolescents and young adults (7-21 years of age) included in two series of studies (1952-1966 and 2005-2011). The measurements included: body height, sitting height, biacromial and biiliocristal diameters, as well as body mass. Additionally, subishial leg length was derived. The pace of the observed intergenerational trends was estimated on the basis of the differences of the mean values of the analyzed characteristics between both cohorts and expressed as the change of a given parameter for a decade. Information regarding the educational and professional status of the parents of participants was obtained using a questionnaire. In the majority of the analyzed characteristics, the pace of intergenerational changes was significantly higher among males, in comparison to females. It was visible especially during adolescence-between 11 and 19 years of age. The positive trends, especially, for characteristics such as body height or limb lengths occurred significantly quicker in males, in comparison to females. There were significant differences between the sexes in the pace of secular changes regarding the growth of the examined population. Considering the relatively homogenous economic situation of the families of the participants, it was more likely that those discrepancies effected from the social and domestic division of sexes, and the resulting differences in growth and development conditions.

Calculating the Percentage of Body Measurement Changes In Dynamic Postures In Order To Provide Fit In Skiwear

The aim of this study is to investigate the local body measurement changes in movements during Alpine skiing and to calculate these changes in "percentages" in order to use in garment pattern preparing process to achieve the best clothing comfort characteristics in alpine skiing suits. For that purpose, an anthropometric measurement study was conducted, which involved measuring 31 male volunteer’s body sizes in static and dynamic postures. Within this context, the sizes to be measured were identified as static and dynamic by specifying the anthropometric landmarks on the body using ISAK (The International Society for the Advancement of Kinanthropometry) practices as the base. It was found that percentage changes in the anterior knee length, anterior leg length, hip length, elbow length and posterior arm length were 43%, 2%, 35%, 40% and 9%, respectively, from the measurements collected from 31 male recreational Alpine skiers. Afterwards, regarding to the obtained data, the three body dimensions such as inseam, back waist rise and sleeve length were re-calculated to use in the preparing of pattern for tight-fitting garments. Ultimately, a base layer thermal bottom’s garment patterns were developed and evaluated using a 3D virtual try-on system. Consequently, it was found that the inseam length and sleeve length should be reduced while the back waist rise needs extra ease allowance. With respect to the virtual fitting, the developed pattern was more fit than the original pattern and had more ability to adapt dynamic postures.

Influence of feeding frequency on changes in body measurements and carcass characteristics of Red Sokoto Goats

Changes in body measurements and carcass characteristics were studied in Red Sokoto raised for 108days on three feeding regimes. Twenty one growing intact male goats with average weight of 8.70±0.23kg were randomly grouped into three, corresponding to the number offeeding (treatments) per day, viz, once OPD (08.00h), nwice TPD (08.00h and 13.00h) and thrice HPD (08.00, 13.00, 18.00) ina completely randomized design. Each goat was offered grass, Panicum maximum and concentrate (17% CP and 3.97 ME, Mcal/kgDM) supplement in separate containers at daily rates of 0.70 and 0.50 kg/head/day based on the number of Jeedings. Body weights and linear body measurements were taken weekly. Four representative goats were slaughtered at the close of the feeding periods to evaluate effect of level of feeding on carcass characteristics. Goats fed twice per day, TPD, had highest (P &lt; 0.05) average weight gain (g/d) of 81.01, against 37.03 and 69.44 obtained for OPD and HPD fed goats. There were significantly differences (P &lt; 0.05) in the changes in body weight, length, chest girth, and height at weithers values of goats as the trial progressed. Skeletal growth as represented by the height at withers HW was observed in all goals but more prominent and steady in OPD and TPD fed goats. Changes (cm) in HW of goats monitored in three stages of 36 days each of 108 day trial were: OPD goats; 3.50, 2.00, and 1.50; TPD goats,1.00, 5.00 and 0.05; HPD goats, 6.00, 3.00 and 0.20. Regression of body measurements on changes in body weight (P &lt; 0.01) showed that chest girth was best in predicting changes in body weight on account of its highest correlation (r2 = 0.77). Similarly, TPD fed goats had highest (P&lt;0.05) dressing % (58.30), carcass weight (7.90kg), carcass condition score (2.50) and offal composition. Corresponding values of 47.48 and 55.70 %, 5.00 and 7.00kg, and 1.00 and 1.90 were obtained for OPD and HPD fed goats respectinveb: Therefore. feeding goats twice per day improved production and could prevent waste of farmer's resources that is associated with higher mumber of feeding

Weight and body mass index increase in children and adolescents exposed to antipsychotic drugs in non-interventional settings: a meta-analysis and meta-regression.

Antipsychotics increase weight, BMI and waist size, particularly in pediatric patients. Switching antipsychotics is common practice, thus defining the risk for each antipsychotic in real-life settings can be important for clinical guidance. We conducted a meta-analysis on antipsychotic-related changes in body measures in pediatric observational studies. Of 934 publications found on PubMed, we analyzed 38, including nine treatment arms: no treatment, mixed antipsychotic treatment, first-generation antipsychotics, aripiprazole, clozapine, olanzapine, quetiapine, risperidone and ziprasidone. Changes in weight, BMI, BMI-Z and waist size were meta-analyzed according to the duration of clinical observations: 6, 12, > 12months. Meta-regressions probed influencing factors. Weight in Kg was increased at 6, 12, > 12months by olanzapine [+ 10.91, + 10.7, data not available (n/a)], mixed antipsychotic treatment (n/a, + 9.42, + 12.59), quetiapine (+ 5.84, n/a, n/a) and risperidone (+ 4.47, + 6.01, + 9.51) and without treatment (n/a, + 2.3, n/a). BMI was increased at 6, 12, > 12months by olanzapine (+ 3.47, + 3.42, n/a), clozapine (n/a, + 3, n/a) mixed antipsychotic treatment (+ 3.37, + 2.95, + 3.32), risperidone (+ 2, + 2.13, + 2.16), quetiapine (+ 1.5, + 1.82, n/a), aripiprazole (n/a, + 1.7, + 2.1) and without treatment (n/a, + 0.75, n/a). BMI-Z was increased at 6, 12, > 12months by olanzapine (+ 0.94, + 0.98, + 0.89), clozapine (n/a, + 0.8, n/a), risperidone (+ 0.62, + 0.61, + 0.48), quetiapine (+ 0.57, + 0.54, n/a), mixed antipsychotic treatment (+ 0.51, + 0.94, + 0.44), without treatment (n/a, + 0.37, n/a) and aripiprazole (no gain, + 0.31, n/a). Waist size in cm was increased at 6, 12months by risperidone (+ 8.8, + 11.5), mixed antipsychotics treatment (+ 9.1, + 10.2) and quetiapine (+ 6.9, + 9.1). Overall, olanzapine and clozapine displayed maximum risk, followed by risperidone, quetiapine and aripiprazole (more risky at longer terms); ziprasidone was associated with no gains. No time-based trends emerged, suggesting a drug-specific risk magnitude. Meta-regressions evidenced variable roles for persistence in therapy and follow-up length, increased risk for drug-naïve patients, and a ceiling effect determined by higher baseline BMI/BMI-Z values.

Functional Dentition and 12-Month Changes in Body Measurements among Thai Older Adults.

This study evaluated the association of functional dentition with 12-month changes in body measurements and nutrient intake among older adults. Data from 651 community dwellers, aged 60 years and over, in Phetchaburi, Thailand, were analysed (retention rate: 83%). Data were collected via interviews (including a semi-structured food frequency questionnaire), anthropometric measurements and dental examinations. Associations were tested in linear regression models adjusted for baseline sociodemographic factors, behaviours, chronic conditions and medications. On average, participants experienced a significant increase in body mass index (BMI) and significant decreases in waist circumference (WC) and triceps skinfold thickness (TSF). A negative, albeit not significant, association between functional dentition and change in BMI was observed after adjusting for confounders. Whilst participants who had non-functional dentition without dentures experienced increases in BMI (predicted mean change: 0.25; 95% Confidence Interval: 0.09, 0.41), those who had non-functional dentition with dentures (0.21; 95%CI: −0.08, 0.50) and functional dentition (−0.07; 95%CI: −0.42, 0.28) remained stable. No similar trends were noted for WC or TSF. Functional dentition was not associated with changes in nutrient intake either. The findings provide little evidence on the association of functional dentition with short-term changes in nutrient intake or nutritional status.

EXPOSURE EFFECT TO GLYPHOSATE BASED HERBICIDE - ROUNDUP ORIGINAL ® - AND NUTRITIONAL THERAPY WITH FOLIC ACID AND SELENIUM ON BULLFROG (LITHOBATES CATESBEIANUS, SHAW - 1802) CARDIAC HYTOGENESIS

Amphibians are susceptible to toxicity, due to easy cutaneous absorption of chemicals present in environment. Using of glyphosate-based herbicides is very common and becomes susceptible to be carrying by surface waters to breeding sites. Glyphosate has oxidizing properties and inhibits the action of key enzymes for regulation of cell cycle. Folic acid and selenium have antioxidant properties, which may help to reduce oxidative stress generated by contact with pesticides. Bullfrog eggs (n = 48) were kept in aquariums with constant aeration and controlled temperature (25 ± 2 ° C) with light and dark cycle of 12/12 hours. Subjects were divided in: Control Group (CG, n = 12), Group Exposed to Roundup Original ® (GR, n = 12); group Treat with Folic Acid Exposed to Roundup Original ® (GAFR, n = 12) and Group Treated With Selenium Exposed to Roundup Original ® (GSR n = 12). Larvae were maintained under experimental conditions during the first three days of development, and then relocated to aquariums with dechlorinated water. After 12 days, tadpoles had their mass and length measured, then were anesthetized by hypothermia and fixed in order to histological preparation. Animals exposed to herbicide exhibited decreased body mass, length and reduction in cardiomyocyte diameter, while folic acid and selenium treated animals showed no changes in body measurements neither in trabeculae of heart tissue. Results show that glyphosate has detrimental effects to development of bullfrog tadpoles and periconceptional supplementation with antioxidants can mitigate damages.

Body Measurement Changes and Prediction Models for Flight Pilots in Dynamic Postures

Body Measurement Changes and Prediction Models for Flight Pilots in Dynamic Postures

Effects of Physical Forms of Total Mixed Rations on Intake, Weaning Age, Growth Performance, and Blood Metabolites of Crossbred Dairy Calves.

Simple SummaryWeaning the calf earlier has been found to reduce the milk feeding and labor cost through higher solid feed intake and early rumen development. Forages, when included in calf starter diet, have been found to be beneficial in this regard. This experiment was planned to evaluate the effects of adding 15% oat hay to calf starter and feeding the same as pelleted or un-pelleted total mix ration. Three groups of calves were given four liters of milk daily during the first week and then six liters daily with free access to water and the respective starter diet. The quantity of milk was gradually reduced until the calf started consuming 800 grams of starter for three days. Feed intake, health scores, and shed temperature/humidity were recorded daily. Body weight, body measurements, and blood sample collections were carried out weekly. Feed intake and body measurement gains were similar in all groups. Blood metabolite concentrations and rumen development parameters were also not affected. Average daily weight gain and feed efficiency were numerically higher for calves given pelleted total mix ration followed by unpelleted total mix ration and only concentrate starter feed. On average, calves fed pelleted total mix ration were weaned 5.4 days earlier than those fed only concentrate. No negative effect was observed on any health or growth parameter with addition of oat hay. Expenditure per kg of weight gain was numerically lowest in the pellet fed group, followed by hay mix starter and only starter fed calves. Oat hay may be safely included in calf starter ration as pelleted mixture with economic benefits.This study evaluated the effects of hay-based total mix ration (TMR) in pelleted or unpelleted form on intake, weaning age, performance parameters, blood metabolites, and cost-effectiveness in crossbred dairy calves during the preweaning period under hot climatic conditions. Thirty calves (4 ± 1 days (d) old), were assigned to one of the three dietary treatments in a randomized complete block design. Treatments assigned were: (1) conventional calf starter (CCS); without hay (2) TMR containing 85% calf starter and 15% chopped oat hay (OH) and (3) pelleted TMR (PTMR) containing 85% calf starter and 15% OH. Colostrum-fed calves were offered four liters (L) of whole milk each, during the first week, followed by six L daily. Calves were weaned off milk gradually on the basis of targeted starter intake of 200, 600, and 800 grams, after which they were considered weaned. Environmental temperature, feed intake, and health scores were recorded daily. The calves experienced heat stress with an average temperature-humidity index (THI) of 80.06 ± 3.42. Results revealed that average daily dry matter intake (DMI), average daily gain (ADG), and feed efficiency (FE) were not different (P > 0.05) among the treatments. Changes in body measurements, rumen development parameters, and blood metabolites were also not affected by the treatments (P > 0.05). Average weaning age in PTMR was 5.4 d earlier as compared to CCS. Feed cost per unit gain tended to be lower for PTMR compared with CCS-fed (86%) calves. Feeding pelleted TMR containing 15% OH tended to reduce the weaning age and feed cost per unit gain without affecting growth performance, intake, FE, and health parameters in crossbred calves under heat stress conditions.

Lifestyle characteristics as moderators of the effectiveness of weight control interventions among semiconductor workers

BackgroundWorkers in high technology industry are experiencing stressful environment and have been ranked as a high risk group for adverse health effects. The effectiveness of worksite health promotion is important for occupational health. This study is to investigate the effect of health interventions on body measurement changes while examining the role of their lifestyle factors. MethodsA total of 904 participants aged over 30 years were recruited from 14 semiconductor worksites in Taiwan from 2011 to 2015. A multi-settings, quasi-experimental study was conducted that assigned participants into two intervention programs, including exercise program and diet-plus-exercise program. The outcomes include the changes of body weight, waist circumference, body mass index (BMI), and biophysiological indicators. Lifestyle variables include alcohol consumption, cigarette smoking, and regular exercise. Multiple linear regression analyses were performed to test the association. ResultsThe findings have demonstrated that one kilogram body weight reduction is associated with a decrease of 0.58 mmHg SBP (p < 0.001), 0.29 mmHg DBP (p < 0.001), 3.33 mg/dL triglyceride (p < 0.001), 0.96 mg/dL total cholesterol (p < 0.001), and 0.68 mg/dL LDL (p < 0.001). The diet-plus-exercise group had more significant effect on both weight changes and biophysiological changes than exercise-only group (p < 0.001). Lifestyle factors, including cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, and regular exercise, were significant moderators of the effectiveness of health interventions. ConclusionsBoth exercise and diet interventions are important to the effectiveness of health promotion in occupational sectors. Lifestyle modifications are vital for weight control programs in improving body shape changes and biophysiological indicators.

Investing in college students: the role of the fitness tracker.

Fitness trackers are becoming a popular way to encourage physical activity and impact health behaviors. Although many college students may own and use fitness trackers, they remain a high-risk group in terms of rates of obesity and lack of physical activity. In this study, college students were provided with fitness trackers to self-monitor step count. Pre- and post-measures of body composition, resting heart rate and blood pressure, knowledge of physical activity behaviors and perception of wellness were used to determine the impact of the fitness trackers. The research was completed in two phases: phase one with completely voluntary participation and phase two as a part of a required general education wellness course. Results did not indicate a significant change in step count over 12 weeks nor did they show positive change in body measurements; however, there were indicators of activity benefits. Knowledge and perception of wellness were not positively impacted in the voluntary study; however, when the education component was required, some increases in knowledge and perception of wellness were shown in the general education course. Many lessons were learned in the study that should be considered when planning future research with fitness trackers in the college-age setting.

Short-term effects of sleeve gastrectomy on weight loss and diastolic function in obese patients.

A total of 41 consecutive obese patients who were scheduled to undergo a sleeve gastrectomy procedure were included in the study. Baseline body and echocardiographic measurements and the follow-up counterpart data, including total and excess weight loss percentages, were recorded. The mean age of the patients was 42.85+-11.47 years. Of the total, 21 (51.1%) patients were female. The mean body mass index (BMI) was 44.86+-5.62 kg/m². The mean duration of follow-up was 91.24+-44.48 days. The participants demonstrated statistically significant weight loss (26.64+-10.95 kg), as well as a decrease in BMI (8.84+-3.93 kg/m²) and body surface area (0.27+-0.12 m²). A significant increase in E velocity and mitral annular e velocity were observed, as well as a significant decrease in A velocity, E/e ratio, left ventricle mass, and left atrial volume (LAV). No significant correlations between the body measurement changes and changes in echocardiographic parameters were observed, with the exception that the excessive weight loss percentage was moderately correlated with a change in LAV. Sleeve gastrectomy led to a significant decrease in body weight and improved diastolic function parameters in the short-term. No significant relationship was found between the amount of weight loss and change in echocardiographic measurements.

Prevalence and Predictors of Pressure Injuries From Spine Surgery in the Prone Position: Do Body Morphological Changes During Deformity Correction Increase the Risks?

Review of data and prospective study. To investigate the prevalence and predictive factors of pressure injuries in spine surgery performed in the prone position, and to determine whether morphological changes and truncal shifts occurring during deformity correction predispose to this complication. Spine surgery performed in the prone position presents the risk of developing pressure injuries. This risk is potentially increased in deformity correction, because it tends to involve more extensive procedures, with associated longer operating times. Cases of pressure injuries after spine surgery in the prone position were reviewed to ascertain prevalence and determine risk factors. Data including patient factors (age, sex, height, weight, body mass index, American Society of Anesthesiologists grade, comorbidities, Braden scale, neurological status, spinal pathology) and surgical factors (approach, procedure type, number of screws, operated levels, operative time) were collected. Independent risk factors were identified via multivariate analysis. A subsequent prospective analysis of all patients undergoing spinal deformity correction was conducted by performing intraoperative measurements of body morphological changes and shifts in truncal positions. Statistical correlation was performed to determine whether positional shifts cause pressure injuries. The prevalence of pressure injuries was 23.0%. Previous skin problems (P = 0.034), myelopathy (P = 0.013), operative time >300 minutes (P = 0.005), and more than four operated levels (P = 0.006) were independent predictors of pressure injuries. Being a spinal deformity patient was also an independent risk factor for developing pressure injuries (odds ratio 3.31, P = 0.010). Significant changes in body measurements during deformity correction were predictive of pressure injuries. Pressure injuries are prevalent in patients undergoing spine surgery while prone. Future studies should investigate strategies to prevent this complication based on the multiple risk factors identified in the present study. Patients undergoing spinal deformity correction surgery are particularly at risk due to intraoperative body morphological changes. Improved padding methods should be trialed in future studies. 3.

Metabolic Effects of Antidepressant Treatment.

This study aimed to investigate body measurements, glucose-insulin metabolism, and lipid profile in patients with anxiety and depressive symptoms and also the effects of antidepressant drugs on these metabolic parameters. The study included 40 outpatients and 32 healthy controls. The patients received antidepressant treatment (sertraline, escitalopram, fluoxetine, and venlafaxine) for 8 weeks. Body measurements were performed, and lipid, fasting blood glucose, and insulin levels were measured before and after treatment in patients and once in healthy controls. Insulin resistance was evaluated using the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) index. Body mass index was higher in patients than in healthy controls, and there was no change in patients after treatment. In patients, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels increased owing to the antidepressant treatment. Insulin level and HOMA index had a tendency to decrease with the treatment in patients and were similar to those of healthy controls before the treatment; however, they became lower than those of healthy controls after the treatment. There was an increase in waist circumference and total and HDL cholesterol levels, whereas there was a decrease in fasting blood glucose levels with treatment in patients using escitalopram. There was no change in body measurements and biochemical and hormone values in patients using fluoxetine, sertraline, and venlafaxine. There was an increase in weight, body mass index, and waist circumference after treatment in patients with depression; however, there was no change in patients with anxiety. In patients with psychiatric disorders having anxiety and depressive symptoms, metabolic changes independent of drugs and the metabolic effects of drugs are present.

한국 성인 여성의 연령대별 체형변화에 대한 연구

In this study, change trends and specific times for change in body size were sought to be identified by using manual measurements for Korean adult women at 20 to 89 of age, along with examinations of change trends and specific times of change in body shape based on body index values. The examinations of means, deviations, and variation coefficients revealed that there was a tendency of most height related measures to decrease. In addition, combined with decrease in height, growth in weight led to increased BMI, thus resulting in increase in measures of circumference, thickness, and breadth in the torso area. The BMI trends showed that with increasing age, BMI increased, reaching the peak between the ages of 55 and 59 and then decreasing from 64 of age, with the steepest increase in BMI at ages from 50 to 54. The examination of differences in the body flatness ratio for different parts of body found that with increasing age the ratio decreased, indicating a tendency for gradual change to round body shapes. The analysis of 3D body shape found that there were more back-bends and lowered shoulder levels with age, accompanied with a tendency for more bended legs and more inclined-forward necks. The key trends in changes in body measurements by age and detailed estimates of 3D standard body shape drawn out from this study are expected to significantly contribute to establishing a basic database for generating patterns reflecting age features of Korean adult females.

Análisis de los Cambios Etarios según Sexo en el Borrego de Chiapas

El objetivo del estudio fue la evaluación de los cambios que se producen en diversas medidas corporales en el Borrego Chiapas. Se utilizaron 66 machos y 79 hembras de diversas edades y se registraron las siguientes variables: peso vivo, perímetro torácico, perímetro de la rodilla, perímetro de la caña, perímetro de la corona, perímetro de la rabadilla y longitud de la oreja. El estudio reflejó que hay cambio con la edad diferencial de distintos componentes del cuerpo, en ningún caso isométricos, siendo el peso vivo y el perímetro torácico las variables más discriminativas en el cambio con la edad. Aunque el peso vivo de los machos adultos (&amp;gt;12 meses, n=56) fue mayor que en las hembras (n=64) (U=1320, p=0.014), pero similar en el perímetro torácico (U=1720, p=0.704), las trayectorias de las rectas de regresión de la edad no presentaron diferencias de trayectoria alométrica entre machos y hembras, ni para el peso vivo (F=1.006, p=0.317) ni para el perímetro torácico (F=1.265, p=0.262).

A Study on Lower Body Measurement Changes of Men in Their 40s, 50s and 60s

Background This study is to provide basic information about the changes in the lower body measurements of men over 40 years old to raise the recognition and understanding of clothing manufactures to the extent where such information can be utilized in developing men's pants patterns and designs. This is achieved by identifying changes in the lower body measurements of men in their 40s, 50s and 60s based on relevant direct measurements from the 4th, 5th and 6th Korean Human Body Measurement Investigation. Methods The data analysis consists of 7 categories; height, breadth, depth, circumference, length, calculations and others, totaling 37 items. The data collected from the analysis has been statistically analyzed on the program SPSS WIN ver. 22.0. Technical statistics analysis, F-test and Duncan-test were conducted to identify differences and disparities between the investigation years and age groups. Result The analysis of the changes in the lower body measurements of participants from each age group indicates that the measurements for height and length items, including the stature, as well as weight and BMI, decreased with age due to the aging process, while these measurements increased proportionally as the investigation year progressed. The hip circumference decreased with age, while waist and abdominal circumferences increased due to the concentrative accumulation of subcutaneous fat in the abdominal area. Thus, the hip gradually loses its firmness and becomes more flattened, and the legs get thinner with age. Conclusion As the findings of this study identify physical features of each age group, they can be applied towards developing pants patterns for a higher level of fit and comfort.

Secular changes in body dimensions and sexual maturation in children of Arkhangelsk city.

The aim of the present study was to analyze secular changes in body measurements in children of the Arkhangelsk city from 1988 to 2010. A large number of anthropometric measurements were taken on each individual including height, weight, arm, leg and trunk lengths (estimated), body diameters and circumferences, skinfold thickness. Stages of secondary sex characteristics were also evaluated; data on menarcheal age were collected by status-quo method. It was shown that main differences in stature occurred at puberty while in elder children (16-17-year-olds) no statistically significant differences were found. The same pattern was typical for weight and BMI. Chest circumference significantly increased, particularly in girls. For modern children, changes in body proportions due to a bigger trunk length were typical. There were also significant differences in the distribution of subcutaneous fat layer: in modern children bigger fat accumulation was present on the trunk, particularly in abdomen area, vs. fat layer on the extremities. Process of sexual maturation according to mean ages of development of secondary sex characteristics occurred earlier in modern adolescents, which is more expressed in girls. The results can be interpreted in terms of ongoing secular trend.