Changes In Surface Morphology Research Articles

An innovative method for the detection of alpha synuclein, a potential biomarker of Parkinson's disease: quartz tuning fork-based mass sensitive immunosensor design.

An innovative biosensing fabrication strategy has been demonstrated for the first time using a quartz tuning fork (QTF) to develop a practical immunosensor for sensitive, selective and practical analysis of alpha synuclein protein (SYN alpha), a potential biomarker of Parkinson's disease. Functionalization of gold-coated QTFs was carried out in 2 steps by forming a self-assembled monolayer with 4-aminothiophenol (4-ATP) and conjugation of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). The selective determination range for SYN alpha of the developed biosensor system is 1-500 ng mL-1 in accordance with the resonance frequency shifts associated with a limit of detection of 0.098 ng mL-1. The changes in surface morphology and elemental composition were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The remarkable point of the study is that this QTF based mass sensitive biosensor system can capture the SYN alpha target protein in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples with recoveries ranging from 92% to 104%.

Green synthesis approach using deep eutectic solvents to enhance the surface functional groups on porous carbon for CO2 capture

This study explores the potential of green solvents using amino acids-based deep eutectic solvents to alter surface functionality of activated carbon thus enhancing the carbon dioxide (CO2) adsorption capacity. Green solvent is prepared by mixing an amino acid (L-Arginine) with ethylene glycol to form amino acid-based deep eutectic solvents. Amino acid-based deep eutectic solvents were used to modify the surface functionalities of activated carbon derived from palm shell waste. The change in surface functional groups and surface morphology of the modified activated carbon samples were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and Scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray analysis. Then, CO2 removal performance was performed using a packed-bed CO2 adsorption reactor to evaluate CO2 breakthrough time and adsorption capacity. CO2 adsorption experiments were measured at a certain temperature (25–45°C), at a fixed feed flow rate and CO2 concentration of 200 mL/min and 15%. It was observed that modified activated carbon showed the highest breakthrough time (15.2 min) compared to raw palm shell (5.2 min) at an adsorption temperature of 25°C. CO2 breakthrough times significantly decreased with increasing adsorption temperature because of physical adsorption.

RF Characterisation of Laser Treated Copper Surfaces for the Mitigation of Electron Cloud in Accelerators

In accelerator beam chambers and RF waveguides, electron cloud and multipacting can be mitigated effectively by reducing the secondary electron yield (SEY). In recent years, it has been established that laser-engineered surface structuring is a very efficient method to create a copper surface with a SEY maximum close to or even below unity. Different laser pulse durations, from nanoseconds to picoseconds, can be used to change surface morphology. Conversely, the characteristics that minimise the SEY, such as the moderately deep grooves and the redeposited nanoparticles, might have unfavourable consequences, including increased RF surface resistance. In this study, we describe the techniques used to measure the surface resistance of laser-treated copper samples using an enhanced dielectric resonator with 12 cm diameter sample sizes operating in the GHz range. The quantification basis lies in a non-contact measurement of the high-frequency losses, focusing on understanding the variation of surface resistance levels depending on the specifics of the treatment and possible post-treatment cleaning procedures.

Characterization of the Fels Landslide (Alaska) Using Combined Terrestrial, Aerial, and Satellite Remote Sensing Data

The characterization of landslides located in remote areas poses significant challenges due to the costs of reaching the sites and the lack of reliable subsurface data to constrain geological interpretations. In this paper, the advantages of combining field and remote sensing techniques to investigate the deformation and stability of rock slopes are demonstrated. The characterization of the Fels landslide, a large, slowly deforming rock slope in central Alaska, is described. Historical aerial imagery is used to highlight the relationship between glacier retreat and developing instability. Airborne laser scanning (ALS) and Structure-from-Motion (SfM) datasets are used to investigate the structural geological setting of the landslide, revealing a good agreement between structural discontinuities at the outcrop and slope scales. The magnitude, plunge, and direction of slope surface displacements and their changes over time are studied using a multi-temporal synthetic aperture radar speckle-tracking (SAR ST) dataset. The analyses show an increase in displacement rates (i.e., an acceleration of the movement) between 2010 and 2020. Significant spatial variations of displacement direction and plunge are noted and correlated with the morphology of the failure surface reconstructed using the vector inclination method (VIM). In particular, steeper displacement vectors were reconstructed in the upper slope, compared to the central part, thus suggesting a change in basal surface morphology, which is largely controlled by rock mass foliation. Through this analytical approach, the Fels landslide is shown to be a slow-moving, compound rockslide, the displacement of which is controlled by structural geological features and promoted by glacier retreat.

Use of NIR/NaBH4 combinatorial techniques for simultaneous and high-efficient adsorption of heavy metal ions from contaminated water by Chitosan/Au Janus microdisks

This article discusses the creation of a disk-shaped microsorbent with Janus morphology made with chitosan and coated with gold on one side using the sputtering technique. The aim of the research is to explore how sodium borohydride and near-infrared (NIR) light can enhance the adsorption of heavy metal ions by our synthesized adsorbent. The changes in surface morphology and composition of the chitosan part of Janus microdisks, after acid treatment and crosslinking reaction, before and after adsorption process were investigated through scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The chitosan/Au Janus microdisks were utilized in auto-catalyzed adsorption of heavy metals including, Pb, Cu, Cd, Zn, and Ni, in the presence of sodium borohydride. The isotherm, kinetic, and thermodynamic curves of adsorbance in the presence of metals were investigated. In addition, the performance of Janus microsorbents in the co-existing ions solution was studied under different conditions. The synthesized microsorbents can remove Cu ions selectively from contaminated water (>99 %) with the help of sodium borohydride. In addition, the NIR light irradiation exhibited a synergistic effect on the adsorption of Cd, Ni, and Pb ions in the presence of sodium borohydride. The borohydride ions can change the surface charge of microdisks after adsorption on their surface and increase the adsorption rate of metal cations. In addition, NIR light irradiation can accelerate the reaction of sodium borohydride with metal ions.

Intenzitet toplinske modifikacije topolovine. Dio 1

Wood heat treatment is an environmentally friendly method, and the heat-treated wood properties are closely related to thermal modification intensity. This study focuses on the 0-3 mm surface layer (SL) of poplar wood heat treated at 160~220 °C. The modification intensity, including surface color, hardness, chemical component and morphological changes of the SL, was evaluated. The findings of this research showed that the color difference of the poplar wood before and after heat treatment (ΔE*1) increased; the color difference between up-surface and down-surface of the SL (ΔE*2) also increased with the treatment temperature. Consequently, the surface hardness (HR) decreased with the increase of treatment intensity. When the treatment temperature was higher than 160 °C, the up-surface and down-surface of the SL were statistically different in color. Chemical component analysis revealed that the heat treatment degrades wood components, especially the hemicellulose, and correlation analysis showed a significant correlation between the change rate of hemicellulose and the ΔE*1 or HR value; the prediction functions have been established at a high confidence level of 0.99. Overall, the thermal modification intensity of the heat-treated surface layer (SL) of poplar wood varies, and the HR and ΔE*1 value could be used to characterize and predict the modification intensity and degree of thermal degradation of the surface layer of heat-treated poplar wood.

Tribological glazing evolution of fixed abrasive pad under different polishing solution conditions

PurposeThis study aims to clarify the influence mechanism of polishing solution type on the glazing evolution of fixed abrasive pad under different interfacial pressure conditions.Design/methodology/approachThe tribological experiments were carried out on the friction and wear machinery with W3-5 diamond fixed abrasive pad and quartz glass workpiece under three polishing solution types of five pressure conditions. The changes of surface morphology, porosity and hardness of fixed abrasive pad were detected by white light interferometer, optical microscope and shore hardness tester.FindingsThe results showed that the glazed phenomenon of fixed abrasive pad is occurred after a certain time, which is more obvious with the increasing of interfacial pressures. The polishing solution type has a significant effect on the glazing time, although the glazed phenomenon is inevitable. The mechanism of it is that the micro-convex peaks on the surface of the fixed abrasive pad are easily wear, and the pores are blocked by the accumulation of waste debris generated during the experiment process. Thus, a smooth and high-density hard layer is formed on the surface of the fixed abrasive pad which induces the decreasing of the friction coefficient and surface roughness value. For selected polishing solution types, the wear rate of micro-convex peaks is different due to the corrosion action difference with polishing pad surface.Originality/valueThe main contribution of this work is to provide a new investigating method for further understanding the glazing evolution mechanism of fixed abrasive pad.Peer reviewThe peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/ILT-08-2023-0257/

Influence of shock waves on bifunctional nickel particles: Enhancing magnetic properties and supercapacitor applications

In the present study, shock-wave impact experiments were conducted to investigate the structural properties of nickel metal powder when exposed to shock waves. Both X-ray diffractometry and scanning electron microscopy were used to evaluate the structural and surface morphological changes in the shock-loaded samples. Notably, the experimental results revealed variations in lattice parameters and cell structures as a function of the number of shock pulses and the increasing volume. The transition occurred from P2 (100 shocks) to P3 (200 shocks). Remarkably, P5 (400 shocks) exhibited attempts to return to its initial state, and intriguingly, P4 displayed characteristics reminiscent of the pre-shock condition. Additionally, significant morphological changes were observed with an increase in shock pulses. Magnetic measurements revealed an increase in magnetic moment for P2, P3, and P4, but a return to the original state was observed for P5. Moreover, the capacitance exhibited an upward trend with increasing shock pulses, except for P5, where it experienced a decline. These findings underscore the significant impact of even mild shock waves on the physical and chemical characteristics of bifunctional nickel particles. This research sheds light on the potential applications of shock wave-induced structural changes in enhancing the magnetic properties and supercapacitor performance of nickel particles.

Study of amur cork tree bark extract-dyed paper under artificial UVA irradiation

Some ancient Chinese paper artifacts dyed with amur cork tree bark extracts are currently preserved to different extents in museums and libraries worldwide. As traditional natural plant dyes, the long-term performance of the amur cork tree bark extract-dyed handmade paper has been questioned under a preserved environment. The photodegradation process of the extract-dyed papers was examined under accelerating artificial UVA irradiation conditions according to China national standard-paper and board- accelerated aging (exposure to light). Changes during aging were analyzed by optical observation and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR), pH, and tensile strength and folding endurance tests. The results showed that the main components from extracted dyes played an important role in affecting the photodegradation properties of dyed paper. The changes in surface color, pH, morphology and mechanical properties after the artificial UVA accelerated degradation tests revealed that a suitable concentration of the extract dyes for maintaining the long-term irradiation stability of the paper is important.

A New Promising Material for Biological Applications: Multilevel Physical Modification of AgNP-Decorated PEEK.

In the case of polymer medical devices, the surface design plays a crucial role in the contact with human tissue. The use of AgNPs as antibacterial agents is well known; however, there is still more to be investigated about their anchoring into the polymer surface. This study describes the changes in the surface morphology and behaviour in the biological environment of polyetheretherketone (PEEK) with immobilised AgNPs after different surface modifications. The initial composites were prepared by immobilising silver nanoparticles from a colloid solution in the upper surface layers of polyetheretherketone (PEEK). The prepared samples (Ag/PEEK) had a planar morphology and were further modified with a KrF laser, a GaN laser, and an Ar plasma. The samples were studied using the AFM method to visualise changes in surface morphology and obtain information on the height of the structures and other surface parameters. A comparative analysis of the nanoparticles and polymers was performed using FEG-SEM. The chemical composition of the surface of the samples and optical activity were studied using XPS and UV-Vis spectroscopy. Finally, drop plate antibacterial and cytotoxicity tests were performed to determine the role of Ag nanoparticles after modification and suitability of the surface, which are important for the use of the resulting composite in biomedical applications.

Altered cortical and subcortical morphometric features and asymmetries in the subjective cognitive decline and mild cognitive impairment.

This study aimed to evaluate morphological changes in cortical and subcortical regions and their asymmetrical differences in individuals with subjective cognitive decline (SCD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). These morphological changes may provide valuable insights into the early diagnosis and treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). We conducted structural MRI scans on a cohort comprising 62 SCD patients, 97 MCI patients, and 70 age-, sex-, and years of education-matched healthy controls (HC). Using Freesurfer, we quantified surface area, thickness, the local gyrification index (LGI) of cortical regions, and the volume of subcortical nuclei. Asymmetry measures were also calculated. Additionally, we explored the correlation between morphological changes and clinical variables related to cognitive decline. Compared to HC, patients with MCI exhibited predominantly left-sided surface morphological changes in various brain regions, including the transverse temporal gyrus, superior temporal gyrus, insula, and pars opercularis. SCD patients showed relatively minor surface morphological changes, primarily in the insula and pars triangularis. Furthermore, MCI patients demonstrated reduced volumes in the anterior-superior region of the right hypothalamus, the fimbria of the bilateral hippocampus, and the anterior region of the left thalamus. These observed morphological changes were significantly associated with clinical ratings of cognitive decline. The findings of this study suggest that cortical and subcortical morphometric changes may contribute to cognitive impairment in MCI, while compensatory mechanisms may be at play in SCD to preserve cognitive function. These insights have the potential to aid in the early diagnosis and treatment of AD.

Optimization of Plasma Activated Water Extraction of Pleurotus ostreatus Polysaccharides on Its Physiochemical and Biological Activity Using Response Surface Methodology.

This study focused on optimizing the extraction of P. ostreatus polysaccharides (POPs) using plasma-activated water (PAW). A single factor and response surface methodology were employed to optimize and evaluate the polysaccharide yield, physiochemical characteristics, and biological activities of POPs. The observed findings were compared to those obtained by the conventional hot water extraction method (100 °C, 3 h), as the control treatment. The optimal extraction conditions were obtained at 700 W PAW power, 58 s treatment time, 1:19 sample-to-water ratio, and 15 L/min gas flow rate. In these conditions, the PAW-treated samples experienced changes in surface morphology due to plasma etching, leading to a 288% increase in the polysaccharide yield (11.67%) compared to the control sample (3.01%). Furthermore, the PAW-treated sample exhibited superior performance in terms of biological activities, namely phenolic compounds (53.79 mg GAE/100 g), DPPH scavenging activity (72.77%), and OH scavenging activity (65.03%), which were 29%, 18%, and 38% higher than those of control sample, respectively. The results highlighted the importance of process optimization and provided new evidence for PAW as an alternative approach to enhance the extraction efficiency of POPs, a novel source of natural antioxidants which enables diverse applications in the food industry.

Formulation of Ensulizole with Beta-Cyclodextrins for Improved Sunscreen Activity and Biocompatibility

In today's context, prolonged exposure to sunlight is widely recognized as a threat to human health, leading to a range of adverse consequences, including skin cancers, premature skin aging, and erythema. To mitigate these risks, preventive actions mainly focus on advocating the application of sunscreen lotions and minimizing direct exposure to sunlight. This research study specifically centered on ensulizole (ENS), a prominent ingredient in sunscreens. The objective was to create inclusion complexes (ICs) with Beta-cyclodextrin (B–CD) and its hydroxypropyl derivatives (H–CD). Using phase solubility measurements, we determined that both B–CD and H–CD form 1:1 stoichiometric ICs with ENS. Proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectral (1H NMR) analysis confirmed that the phenyl portion of ENS is encapsulated within the B–CD cavity. Significant changes in surface morphology were observed during the formation of these ICs compared to ENS and CDs alone. Quantum mechanical calculations were employed to further support the formation of ICs by providing energy data. Particularly, the photostability of the ENS:B–CD ICs remained intact for up to four hours of UV exposure, with no significant alterations in the structure of ENS. Furthermore, comprehensive biocompatibility assessments yielded encouraging results, suggesting the potential application of these inclusion complexes in cosmetics as a UVB sunscreen. In summary, our research underscores the successful creation of inclusion complexes characterized by enhanced photostability and safe biocompatibility.

Preparation and characterization of shear thickening fluid/carbon nanotubes/Kevlar composite materials

AbstractShear thickening fluid (STF), carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are both promising in body protection and anti‐impact for the drastic viscosity change of STF and the extremely high tensile strength and elongation of CNTs. The excellent performance of the above two combined with traditional Kevlar fabrics can significantly improve the mechanical properties and reduce the number of layers used for body protection. This work reports a new method to prepare STF/CNTs/Kevlar with excellent tensile properties and anti‐impact performance by spraying method with 1 wt% polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) solution as a binder for better integration between CNTs and Kevlar. Surface morphology changes in the preparation process indicate the combined structure of PVA binder, CNTs, and STF, presenting a uniform macroscopic and nonuniform microscopic surface of STF/CNTs/Kevlar composite. The tensile strength and anti‐impact properties including punch residual velocity and energy absorbed were studied and results for STF/CNTs/Kevlar composite are 669.8 ± 18.1 MPa, 1.602 ± 0.045 m/s, and 21.683 ± 1.182 J in 12 ms, increased by 46.4%, 23.0%, and 240.2%, respectively, compared with neat Kevlar, owing to the improved tight bonding and friction between fabrics yarns caused by PVA adhesive and tangled CNTs, accompanied with the enhanced viscosity of STF under forces.Highlights Composites were made by spraying PVA, CNTs, and STF onto Kevlar fabrics; The tensile strength of the composite was 46.4% higher than Kevlar; The energy absorbed in 12 ms in anti‐impact tests was improved by 240.2%; Tight bonding and friction between yarns are reasons to improve properties; The raised viscosity of STF under forces is useful for mechanical properties.

Physicochemical Characterization of Potassium Hydroxide Pretreated Chestnut Shell and Its Bioconversion to Lactic Acid by Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus

Lactic acid (LA) is an important platform chemical with a wide range of applications, including bioplastic materials, and demand for it is growing rapidly. However, the high cost of feedstock for LA production is a major barrier to industrial production. This study designed a process to produce LA from chestnut shell (CS), a low-cost biomass. The entire process includes KOH pretreatment, enzymatic saccharification, and fermentation. This study investigated the chemical compositions and physicochemical properties of raw CS and KOH pretreated CS (KpCS) to evaluate the impact of the pretreatment process that enhances the conversion of cellulose into glucose. The results showed that KOH affected the lignin removal and surface morphological changes of CS, and FT-IR and TGA patterns correlated to increased cellulose fractions were found. In the fermentation process, Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus was selected as a prominent LA producer, and the fermentation using KpCS hydrolysate was carried out. As a result, cell growth (27%), glucose consumption (23%), and LA production (21%) were all achieved higher than the control group. The LA production yield from our suggested process was estimated to be 187 g/kg CS, and we concluded that CS has a high potential as a feedstock for LA production.

Enhancing flame retardant and wrinkle-resistant performances of silk fabric with bio-based Maillard reaction products between glucose and poly(glutamic acid)

Bio-based materials have garnered considerable attention in the flame retardant field due to their inherent safety and environmental benefits. This study introduces a novel and eco-friendly flame retardant prepared through the Maillard reaction between glucose and poly(glutamic acid) for treating silk fabric. The study elucidates the synthesis of Maillard reaction products (MRPs) and verifies their deposition onto the silk fabric surface by observing changes in surface morphology, functional groups, and charged characteristics. The flammability tests demonstrate that MRPs treated silk fabrics had a high limiting oxygen index of over 27 % and a charred length of less than 12 cm, indicating effective flame retardancy. Moreover, the introduction of MRPs led to a significant decrease in smoke release when silk fabric underwent combustion. This observation can be attributed to the enhanced char formation and increased thermal degradation temperature of MRPs treated silk fabric. The electrostatic interaction between silk fiber and MRPs contributed to the fabric's resistance to repeated washing. Moreover, MRPs treated silk fabric retained their tensile properties and showed enhanced wrinkle-resistant performance. Generally, this research opens up a new path for the green preparation of halogen-free and phosphorus-free flame retardant protein fibers.

Atomistic mechanism of AlCu thin film alloy growth on trenched Si substrate

Molecular dynamics simulation was employed to study the growth mechanisms of an AlCu thin film on a trenched Si(001) substrate. The atomic interactions between Al, Cu, and Si atoms were described by using the Modified Embedded Atom Method (MEAM). This investigation focused on examining the effect of both incident energy and trench heights on the structure, and the morphology of deposited AlCu thin film. The results reveal that the growth mode follows an island mode, and the AlCu film surface exhibits both non-flat and non-uniform texture. The increase in the trench height leads to a more pronounced change in surface morphology and roughness. However, a higher incident energy can significantly reduce the surface roughness due to the mobility of deposited atoms. In addition, a mixing region was observed at the interface between the film and substrate. It is revealed that increasing the incident energy leads to deeper penetration of Al and Cu atoms into the substrate. More importantly, Al atoms penetrate deeper than the Cu atoms. On the other hand, deposition on a trench with 15 monoatomic layers leads to the formation of voids in the film. However, these voids disappear with higher incident energy. The microstructural evolution during deposition film was also analyzed based on the radial distribution function. The results of this function indicate that changes in trench height and the energy of incident adatoms do not significantly influence the structure of the film.

Sliding wear study of WC-10Co4Cr clad on SS-316 using microwave energy

The current study comprises the changing surface morphology of austenitic stainless steel (SS-316) with WC-10Co4Cr powder using an affordable microwave route. The surface modification was achieved by utilizing a microwave apparatus (power: 1.2 kW; frequency: 2.45 GHz). The x-ray diffraction (XRD) study reveals the presence of various carbide phases in the deposited clad layer. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) examination reveals the unequally dispersed reinforced skeleton carbide in a metal-based matrix with an average porosity of less than 1%. The deposits exhibit significantly higher hardness than that of the SS-316. A pin-on-disc tribometer was utilized to assess the dry sliding wear performance of deposits. The results revealed that the deposits exhibited better wear resistance than the SS-316 substrate due to the presence of reinforced hard carbides in a tougher metal-based matrix. The improvement in microhardness also leads to enhancement in the wear resistance of the deposits. The loss of material from the deposit surfaces during sliding was primarily due to micro-cutting and rupturing of the unstable tribofilm layer.

Atypical characteristic changes of surface morphology and structural covariance network in developmental dyslexia.

Developmental dyslexia (DD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that is characterized by difficulties with all aspects of information acquisition in the written word, including slow and inaccurate word recognition. The neural basis behind DD has not been fully elucidated. The study included 22 typically developing (TD) children, 16 children with isolated spelling disorder (SpD), and 20 children with DD. The cortical thickness, folding index, and mean curvature of Broca's area, including the triangular part of the left inferior frontal gyrus (IFGtriang) and the opercular part of the left inferior frontal gyrus, were assessed to explore the differences of surface morphology among the TD, SpD, and DD groups. Furthermore, the structural covariance network (SCN) of the triangular part of the left inferior frontal gyrus was analyzed to explore the changes of structural connectivity in the SpD and DD groups. The DD group showed higher curvature and cortical folding of the left IFGtriang than the TD group and SpD group. In addition, compared with the TD group and the SpD group, the structural connectivity between the left IFGtriang and the left middle-frontal gyrusand the right mid-orbital frontal gyrus wasincreased in the DD group, and the structural connectivity between the left IFGtriang and the right precuneus and anterior cingulate was decreasedin the DD group. DD had atypical structural connectivity in brain regions related to visual attention, memory and which might impact the information input and integration needed for reading and spelling.

Development of Eco-Friendly Method for Degumming of Eri Cocoons

In this study, a new eco-friendly degumming technique was developed for Eri cocoons without any chemicals. A newly developed eco-Eri degumming process was tried at 110 °C, 120 °C, 130 °C and 140 °C temperatures for 10, 20 and 30 min with soft and hard water. The novel eco-friendly degumming method was compared with the existing method of degumming viz. Soap-soda along with the enzymatic method. After degumming, weight loss per cent, changes in the fibre surface morphology concerning SEM imaging and fibre properties concerning tensile strength and elongation were studied. The eco-Eri degumming method at 130 °C for 30 min using soft water removed the maximum sericin content (degumming loss 15.7%) from Eri cocoon shells and had optimum degumming efficiency. In the eco-Eri degumming method, the degummed Eri cocoons were uniformly softened. The soap soda method of degumming resulted in 14.5% weight loss whereas enzymatic degumming resulted in a maximum of 13% weight loss (12% dosage). Enzymatic degumming significantly reduced the tensile strength but no results found in the tensile properties of Eri silk fibres were observed in new eco-friendly and soap-soda methods. SEM images indicated optimal fibre surface with the smoother surface until 130 °C, but fibre damage and fibrillation occurred at 140 °C and also with the Soap-soda method. An optimal condition for degumming Eri cocoons with the new eco-Eri degumming process is 130 °C for 30 min using soft water. The eco-Eri degumming method is better compared to other methods used presently in the industry.