Changes In Spatial Arrangement Research Articles

Fleksibilitas Ruang Berdasarkan Fungsi dan Waktu di Pasar Ngeseng

Title: Flexibility of Space Based on Function and Time in Ngeseng Market The phenomenon of changing the function of space at the Ngeseng Traditional Market from a market to a culinary area has become an attraction. This research was conducted to determine the flexibility of space based on function and time at the selected object of observation, namely Ngeseng Klaten Traditional Market. The observation method can group users and activities on the object of observation. This research mainly focuses on users, namely visitors and sellers; in some cases, sellers also get discussion points with the hypothesis that there is a change in spatial arrangement, which influences different behavioral patterns, especially those related to time and flexibility. Classification of existing flexibility based on areas of observation, considering time and function, is a differentiating point in each analysis and discussion. Through this research, we will determine what behavioral patterns appear in the market, what spaces exist, and what time of day can influence user behavior.

CASE STUDIES OF TEMPORARY URBAN INTERVENTION IN PUBLIC SPACES DURING COVID-19: STRATEGY FOR FREEDOM AND CONTROL

How temporary urban interventions have been used as a medium for freedom and control against the background of drastically changed public spaces during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic was inspected. On-site investigation, participant interview and mapping were employed in case studies to scrutinise the most representative projects after the selection and categorisation of the urban intervention cases. The results and analysis reveal the consideration and relationship between the changes in spatial arrangement and administrative control in public spaces, and thus provide a reference for citizens and policymakers to create high-quality post-COVID public spaces.

EXPLORATION OF SPATIAL ARRANGEMENT CHANGES AS A FORM OF SPATIAL SUSTAINABILITY IN DWELLING. Case Study : Kilungan House in Kudus Old City, Indonesia

Space is an architectural form that is used to accommodate activities with certain functions. In a space contained activities carried out by humans and functions that represent these activities. Sometimes during this period the space undergoes changes in activity and function. Space can undergo physical and non-physical changes to respond to changes in these activities and functions. Kilungan is a local term used to refer to the tall massive fence in the Old City of Kudus. The massive fence, known as the kilungan, was built with one of the goals to provide a sense of security. Inside the kilungan house, there are at least 2 main building masses, namely the main house and the supporting buildings. The spaces in the kilungan house which have been inhabited for more than 100 years have also undergone changes in response to the spatial sustainability of the dwelling. The purpose of this study is to explore, describe, and get the meaning of changes in space in the kilungan house. This study uses an inductive qualitative method. The initial stage is to make observations to get the distribution of the kilungan house. The research area is limited to the Old City of Kudus, Indonesia. The core stage of the research is data collection and analysis carried out simultaneously inductively. Exploration is carried out on cases to obtain findings in accordance with research objectives. The results of this study were found changes in spatial arrangement in the kilungan house in the form of: (1) changes in function without changing the physical form of space, found in spaces that accommodate different activities but have the same activity pattern; (2) changing the function of changing the spatial arrangement without changing the mass of the building; (3) changes in spatial arrangement change the physical building; (4) shifting activity changes zoning (5) Determining the direction of change does not change the orientation of the building in the circle. ; (6) Spatial sustainability in residential areas is indicated by changes in activities, functions, spatial arrangement but does not change the core things which are the concept of the kilungan house. Spatial sustainability can be found in the adaptations made by building users to new functions in the spaces in the dwelling.

Spatial arrangement of biogenic reefs alters boundary layer characteristics to increase risk of microplastic bioaccumulation

Microplastics are now synonymous with human impacts on the environment and as a threat to marine organisms. Numerous taxa are at risk from microplastics including commercially valuable bivalves as seafood, which are also disproportionately important as biogenic reef-forming species that enhance biodiversity such that they are commonly protected under conservation actions. As a sessile filter-feeding organism, bivalves are highly susceptible to microplastic ingestion but despite their socio-economic and ecological importance, no research has been undertaken to assess how a reef’s structural arrangement might affect plastic ingestion. Here, using a series of flume experiments, we examined how change in spatial arrangement of the blue mussel, Mytilus edulis, interacts with different flow speeds to effect retention of microplastic over reef surfaces and ingestion risk by individual mussels. Our results show that clumped spatial arrangements reduce boundary layer velocities, and increase turbulence, boundary layer thickness and plastic retention over reef surfaces under faster flow conditions, increasing plastic ingestion by 3-fold. Our findings suggest that the structural arrangement and rugosity of natural reef structures may create natural sinks of anthropogenic pollution, and species like Mytilus that are also important species for human consumption, while disproportionately susceptible to microplastic pollution, may be useful bioindicators of microplastic pollution.

Пространственные модели, разрабатываемые с применением лазерного сканирования на газоконденсатных месторождениях северной строительно-климатической зоны

Wide exploration and industrial exploitation of hydrocarbon fields in Yamal Peninsula pose in front of construction and mining companies critical problems of efficient construction at constantly evolving fields taking into account climatic and geocryological conditions of their location. Yamal Peninsula is characterized by unstable soils, the mobility of which has a substantial impact on the changes in spatial arrangement of field facilities, not only in the direct process of construction, but also during their scale-up and equipment overhaul. The paper examines implementation of 3D spatial arrangement modelling of industrial facilities into the process of construction and installation works at hydrocarbon fields in the northern construction-climatic zone. The purpose of implementing this method combined with 3D spatial modelling of equipment connections lies in reliability and safety enhancement of the facilities throughout their entire lifespan. Authors analyze statement and solution of the problem associated with alignment and installation of prefabricated equipment and pipelines, taking into account advanced technologies of 3D design and modelling. The study examines a 3D spatial model with the elements of equipment connection geometry; the model is related to existing production facilities at the field. Authors perform an analysis and in mathematical terms formulate the problem of optimal spatial arrangement for such models. The paper focuses on typical deviations, occurring in the installation process of constructions and connection facilities, their spatial arrangement is modelled. Possible solutions are offered, as well as an algorithm of their implementation at an operating field.

Impaired spermatogenesis associated with changes in spatial arrangement of Sertoli and spermatogonial cells following induced diabetes.

The current study was conducted to assess the relationship between testicular cells in spermatogenesis, through which the production of healthy and mature sperm is essential. However, it seems necessary to obtain more information about the three-dimensional pattern of the testis cells arrangement, which is directly related to the function of the testis after induction of diabetes. Twelve adult mice (28-30 g) were assigned into two experimental groups: (1) control and (2) diabetic (40 mg/kg STZ). The epididymal sperm collected from the tail of the epididymis and testes samples were taken for stereology, immunocytochemistry and RNA extraction. Our data showed that diabetes could notably decrease the number of testicular cells, together with a reduction of total sperm count. In addition, the results from the second-order stereology indicated the significant changes in the spatial arrangement of Sertoli cells and spermatogonial cells in the diabetic groups, in comparison with the control (P < .05). Moreover, the immunohistochemistry results showed a significant reduction in Sex-determining Region Y (SRY) box 9 gene (SOX9), vimentin, occludin, and connexin-43 positive cells in the diabetic groups compared with the control (P < .05). Furthermore, our data showed that the expression of steroidogenic acute regulatory protein steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) and peripheral benzodiazepine receptor peripheral benzodiazepine receptor (PBR) was significantly reduced in the diabetic groups, in comparison with the control (P < .05). These findings suggest that structural and functional changes of testis cells after induction of diabetes cause the alterations in the spatial arrangement of Sertoli and spermatogonial cells, ultimately influencing the normal spermatogenesis in mice.

The habitat functional response links seasonal third-order selection to second-order landscape characteristics.

Determining how animals respond to differences in resource availabilities across spatiotemporal extents is critical to our understanding of organism distributions. Variations in resource distribution leading to changes in spatial arrangements across landscapes are indicative of a habitat functional response. Our goal was to assess how resource availabilities influenced both second‐order (i.e., home ranging behavior) and third‐order (i.e., habitat or resource selection) selection by feral pigs (Sus scrofa) in an agricultural landscape. We defined agriculturally based seasons to estimate home range characteristics using autocorrelated kernel density estimation within each season. We then modeled home range size as a function of resource availability (i.e., resource selection analyses) to determine whether individual behaviors were predicted by shifts in home ranging behavior. Both home range analyses and resource selection analyses indicated seasonal differences in selection for agricultural resources as availabilities changed, suggesting second‐ and third‐order selection is mechanistically linked through a habitat functional response.

Nigral injection of 6-hydroxydopamine induces changes in spatial arrangement of striatal neuron and glial cells.

In Parkinson's disease, nigral dopamine neurons are lost and the structure of the striatum is progressively degraded. These events lead to a substantial neuronal loss in the striatum, changing spatial pattern of the neurons and glial cells, and associated cellular connections. Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop a new insight into whether the Parkinson's disease causes a change in the spatial arrangement of the neurons and glial cells in the striatum. Nigral injection of 6-hydroxydopamine led to a significant reduction in the total number of the neurons, an increase in the number of striatal glial cells, and disruption in the spatial arrangement of glial and neuronal cells in the Parkinson's disease-induced group, compared to the control group. The data support the idea that in Parkinson's disease, the function of the striatum is disturbed by both the loss of neurons and an increase in the number of glial cells, culminating in the disordered spatial distribution of these cells.

THE INFLUENCE OF THE CREATIVE KAMPONG’S TOURIST ACTIVITIES ON THE CHANGE IN LAY-OUT FOR ACTIVITIES AND THE CHANGE IN SPATIAL ARRANGEMENT OF THE DAGO POJOK KAMPONG IN BANDUNG

Abstract - “Bandung the Champ” is a program organized by Bandung’s Municipal Government to develop the local economy and increase the quality of urban life. One of these programs is called the Kampong Champ, which puts forward the concept of the Creative Kampong. The purpose of this program is to develop the economy of the local community by way of exploring the potential of the citizens, and to create a kampong fit for tourism. The Creative Kampong at Dago Pojok has been built and expanded from 2010 up to the present. The phenomenon that has taken place consists of the change made in the spatial lay-out to accommodate tourist activities based in these quarters that are of a temporary kind. This research project aims to identify the change mentioned above as a consequence of the marked shift from daily activities in the neighborhood to tourism-related ones and to reveal the influence of the change in spatial arrangement made in this kampong on the spatial lay-out of the Dago Pojok area. The methods employed for this research consist of the qualitative method and the descriptive method along with field observation using the technique of observing place-centered mapping. The study of the discussion starts off with identifying the arrangement of physical space that has undergone change due to a change in activity, followed by an analysis of the influence of the architectural elements on the change made in the lay-out of physical space and the approach to the morphological aspects of the city to identify the impact of these changes on the planning of this urban area. The results of the study indicate that the changes made in the arrangement of the activity space and the circulation have been caused by the change in daily activities into tourism-related ones coming from the Creative Kampong so that the latter’s spatial lay-out cannot accommodate these activities properly. As a consequence, the space needs to be rearranged with the element of semi-fixed features due to the density of the relatively tall buildings in this urban kampong. The changes in spatial arrangement made in the various areas under observation have exerted an influence on the urban kampong’s spatial lay-out, amounting to a structural change in the lay-out and orientation as well as the formation of hierarchy and datum in the area of Dago Pojok. Keywords : Tourism, Creative Kampong, change in lay-out, change in spatial arrangement

The reason for the low Ca2+-sensitivity of thin filaments associated with the Glu41Lys mutation in the TPM2 gene is “freezing” of tropomyosin near the outer domain of actin and inhibition of actin monomer switching off during the ATPase cycle

The E41K mutation in TPM2 gene encoding muscle regulatory protein beta-tropomyosin is associated with nemaline myopathy and cap disease. The mutation results in a reduced Ca2+-sensitivity of the thin filaments and in muscle weakness. To elucidate the structural basis of the reduced Ca2+-sensitivity of the thin filaments, we studied multistep changes in spatial arrangement of tropomyosin (Tpm), actin and myosin heads during the ATPase cycle in reconstituted fibers, using the polarized fluorescence microscopy. The E41K mutation inhibits troponin's ability to shift Tpm to the closed position at high Ca2+, thus restraining the transition of the thin filaments from the "off" to the "on" state. The mutation also inhibits the ability of S1 to shift Tpm to the open position, decreases the amount of the myosin heads bound strongly to actin at high Ca2+, but increases the number of such heads at low Ca2+. These changes may contribute to the low Ca2+-sensitivity and muscle weakness. As the mutation has no effect on troponin's ability to switch actin monomers on at high Ca2+ and inhibits their switching off at low Ca2+, the use of reagents that increase the Ca2+-sensitivity of the troponin complex may not be appropriate to restore muscle function in patients with this mutation.

Conformation Transitions of Thermoresponsive Dendronized Polymers across the Lower Critical Solution Temperature

Thermoresponsive dendronized polymers, displaying remarkable phase behavior, are currently being studied for their potential exploitation as polymeric sensors and biomaterials. Understanding the conformational transitions occurring at the LCST is essential for improved design and translation of these polymers. The combination of NMR and molecular dynamics simulations opens a unique window onto the thermal behavior, showing that the peripheries of the dendrons, while driving the thermal properties, largely retain mobility above the critical temperature. The cores of the dendrons and the polymeric main chain are highly rigid below the thermal transition and increasingly so above the LCST. Both the experimental and computational studies reveal stretching of the interior segments of the dendrons with associated changes in spatial arrangements of the structural units. Furthermore, diffusion-ordered NMR and DLS below and above the LCST show a further hierarchy of dynamics within different size aggregates. The c...

Unraveling the Order and Disorder in Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/Poly(styrenesulfonate) Nanofilms

Conductive polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT/PSS) exhibits a tunable conductivity ranging from 0.1 to 4380 S·cm–1 under different doping and/or dedoping strategies. However, the dependence of macroscopic electrical properties on the evolution of the microstructure is not clearly understood. This is the first study that systematically investigated the spatial arrangement of the ordered and disordered phases in PEDOT/PSS nanofilms by bright-field (BF), high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF-STEM) combined with electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) and element-thickness mapping. Our observations clarify how amorphous PSS hinders electrical transport at various length scales in the PEDOT/PSS films. Moreover, the mechanism for an enhancement in 3 orders of magnitude in electrical conductivity was proved by TEM investigation, which is mainly due to a more uniform dispersion by dedoping that opens PEDOT nanoparticle clusters in PEDOT/PSS films. Our microstructural and electrical studies show that the change in spatial arrangement and interaction of small PEDOT domains plays a considerable role in the final electron transport.

Conjugation of d-glucosamine to bovine trypsin increases thermal stability and alters functional properties

d-glucosamine was conjugated to bovine trypsin by carbodiimide chemistry, involving a water-soluble carbodiimide and a succinimide ester, with the latter being to increase the yield of the conjugation. Mass spectrometric data suggested that several glycoforms were formed, with around 12 d-glucosamine moieties coupled to each trypsin molecule on average. The moieties were probably coupled to eight carboxyl groups (of glutamyl and aspartyl residues) and to four tyrosyl residues on the surface of the enzyme. The glycated trypsin possessed increased thermal stability. When compared with its unmodified counterpart, T50% was increased by 7°C, thermal inactivation of the first step was increased 34%, and long-term stability assay revealed 71-times higher residual activity at 25°C (without stabilizing Ca2+ ions in aqueous buffer) after 67 days. Furthermore, resistance against autolysis was increased almost two-fold. Altered functional properties of the glycated trypsin were also observed. The glycated trypsin was found to become increasingly basophilic, and was found to be slightly structurally altered. This was indicated by 1.2 times higher catalytic efficiency (kcat/Km) than unmodified trypsin against the substrate N-α-benzoyl-l-arginine-p-nitroanilide. Circular dichroism spectropolarimetry suggested a minor change in spatial arrangement of α-helix/helices, resulting in an increased affinity of the glycated trypsin for this small synthetic substrate.

Using Satellite Imagery to Assess Macrophyte Response to Water-level Manipulations in the Saskatchewan River Delta, Manitoba

QuickBird satellite imagery and object-based classification were used to map emergent macrophyte response in wetlands that were partially drawn down during a three-year period (2007–2010) in the Saskatchewan River Delta, Manitoba, Canada. Generalized logistic models were used to classify vegetation genera in three drawdown and three high-water (control) wetlands. User accuracy of models averaged 74 %, and was lower in partial drawdown wetlands (72 %) than in high-water wetlands (77 %). In partial drawdown wetlands, emergent macrophytes (especially Typha spp. and Carex spp.) senesced significantly after the first year of lowered water levels but senescent areas decreased over following years. Plants were not completely dead in dewatered areas and emergent stands recovered by the third year after drawdown. Open water area in the partial drawdown wetlands gradually decreased due to clonal expansion of Sparganium spp. Vegetation areas in high-water wetlands remained unchanged throughout the study period. Although partial water-level drawdowns temporarily influenced the growth of emergent macrophytes they did not expose the seed bank and did not result in substantial, prolonged changes in spatial arrangement of vegetation areas. The combination of high-resolution satellite imagery, object-based classification and logistic modeling was useful for documenting vegetation response to management in these remote, boreal wetland systems.

556 折り紙で肺胞を作る・動かす・治療する(折紙の数理的展開・バイオミメテックス的展開,OS-15 折紙の数理的・バイオミメテックス的展開と産業への応用,総合テーマ「伝統を,未来へ!」)

The living organ changes its shape from sheet-like arrangement of primitive cells to mature 3D structure through morphogenetic process. Functions of the living organ are realized by periodic changes in spatial arrangement of tissue elements of the organ. If the structure, function, and morphogenesis of the organ can be expressed by origami, it will be very useful for its academic understanding and for biomimetic applications. Here I introduce origami models of the human alveoli. Origami-made alveoli breathe, get sick, and healed again in your hands.

The 5-HT 7 receptor is involved in allocentric spatial memory information processing

The hippocampus has been implicated in aspects of spatial memory. Its ability to generate new neurons has been suggested to play a role in memory formation. Hippocampal serotonin (5-HT) neurotransmission has also been proposed as a contributor to memory processing. Studies have shown that the 5-HT 7 receptor is present in the hippocampus in relatively high abundance. Thus the aim of the present study was to investigate the possible role of the 5-HT 7 receptor in spatial memory using 5-HT 7 receptor-deficient mice (5-HT 7 −/−). A hippocampus-associated spatial memory deficit in 5-HT 7 −/− mice was demonstrated using a novel location/novel object test. A similar reduction in novel location exploration was observed in C57BL/6J mice treated with the selective 5-HT 7 receptor antagonist SB-269970. These findings prompted an extended analysis using the Barnes maze demonstrating that 5-HT 7 −/− mice were less efficient in accommodating to changes in spatial arrangement than 5-HT 7 +/+ mice. 5-HT 7 −/− mice had specific impairments in memory compilation required for resolving spatial tasks, which resulted in impaired allocentric spatial memory whereas egocentric spatial memory remained intact after the mice were forced to switch back from striatum-dependent egocentric to hippocampus-dependent allocentric memory. To further investigate the physiological bases underlining these behaviors we compared hippocampal neurogenesis in 5-HT 7 +/+ and 5-HT 7 −/− mice employing BrdU immunohistochemistry. The rate of cell proliferation in the dentate gyrus was identical in the two genotypes. From the current data we conclude that the 5-HT 7 −/− mice performed by remembering a simple sequence of actions that resulted in successfully locating a hidden target in a static environment.

Space and Time in the Plant Cell Wall: Relationships between Cell Type, Cell Wall Rheology and Cell Function

The biomechanical behaviour of plant cells depends upon the material properties of their cell walls and, in many cases, it is necessary that these properties are quite specific. Additionally, physiological regulation may require that target cells responding to hormonal signals or environmental factors are able to modulate these characteristics. This paper uses a rheological analysis of creep of elongating sunflower (Helianthus annuus) sunflower hypocotyls to demonstrate that the mechanical behaviour of plant cell walls is complex and involves multiple layered processes that can be distinguished from one another by the time-scale over which they lead to a change in tissue dimensions, their sensitivity to pH and temperature, and their responses to changes in spatial arrangement of the cell wall brought about by treatment with high M(r) PEG. Furthermore, it appears possible to regulate individual rheological processes, with limited effect on others, in order to modulate growth without affecting tissue structural integrity. It is proposed that control of the water content of the cell wall and therefore the space between cell wall polymers may be one mechanism by which differential regulation of cell wall biomechanical properties is achieved. This hypothesis is supported by evidence showing that enzyme extracts from growing tissues can cause swelling in cell wall fragments in suspension. The physiological implications of this complexity are then considered for growing tissues, stomatal guard cells and abscission cells. It is noted that, in each circumstance, a different combination of mechanical properties is required and that differential regulation of properties affecting behaviour over different time-scales is often necessary.

Behavior of caldesmon upon interaction of thin filaments with myosin subfragment 1 in ghost fibers

Caldesmon is a component of smooth muscle thin filaments which inhibits their interaction with myosin. We have used polarized fluorescence technique to study the behavior of caldesmon during the interaction of myosin subfragment 1 (S1) with thin filaments reconstituted in rabbit skeletal muscle ghost fibers by incorporation of smooth muscle tropomyosin and caldesmon labeled with acrylodan at cysteine residue located in the C-terminal region. Significant changes in acrylodan fluorescence intensity upon addition of skeletal muscle S1 reflected substantial displacement of caldesmon from thin filaments, while alterations in the calculated fluorescence parameters indicated the simultaneous rearrangement of the remaining caldesmon fraction. The orientation of caldesmon in the S1-thin filament complex relative to the fiber axis changes by approximately 7° and the mobility of the fluorescent probe by about 9%. The alterations in caldesmon orientation were proportional to the strength of S1 binding and diminished respectively upon addition of ADP and ADP-Vi. The changes in orientation of acrylodan-caldesmon evoked by the interaction of S1 with thin filaments were more pronounced than that in AEDANS-F-actin which suggests that the spatial arrangement of caldesmon in the complex is governed not only by F-actin but also by S1. The results may indicate that the changes in spatial arrangement of caldesmon are adjusted to the conformation of F-actin and S1 characteristic for particular steps of the ATP hydrolysis cycle.

Behavior of caldesmon upon interaction of thin filaments with myosin subfragment 1 in ghost fibers

Caldesmon is a component of smooth muscle thin filaments which inhibits their interaction with myosin. We have used polarized fluorescence technique to study the behavior of caldesmon during the interaction of myosin subfragment 1 (S1) with thin filaments reconstituted in rabbit skeletal muscle ghost fibers by incorporation of smooth muscle tropomyosin and caldesmon labeled with acrylodan at cysteine residue located in the C-terminal region. Significant changes in acrylodan fluorescence intensity upon addition of skeletal muscle S1 reflected substantial displacement of caldesmon from thin filaments, while alterations in the calculated fluorescence parameters indicated the simultaneous rearrangement of the remaining caldesmon fraction. The orientation of caldesmon in the S1-thin filament complex relative to the fiber axis changes by approximately 7° and the mobility of the fluorescent probe by about 9%. The alterations in caldesmon orientation were proportional to the strength of S1 binding and diminished respectively upon addition of ADP and ADP-V i. The changes in orientation of acrylodan-caldesmon evoked by the interaction of S1 with thin filaments were more pronounced than that in AEDANS-F-actin which suggests that the spatial arrangement of caldesmon in the complex is governed not only by F-actin but also by S1. The results may indicate that the changes in spatial arrangement of caldesmon are adjusted to the conformation of F-actin and S1 characteristic for particular steps of the ATP hydrolysis cycle.

Agricultural landscape change and stability in northeast Thailand: historical patch-level analysis

The temporal nature of agricultural landscape change, where both intra- and inter-annual processes and changes are often at work, renders traditional methods of landscape change assessment not completely effective. Additionally, seasonal and longer-term shifting patterns of cultivation can sometimes appear as permanent landscape change when in fact they actually are simply a local change in spatial arrangement. To address these complexities, this work tests an approach that is longitudinal in character and based upon assessing the structure of landscape change as well as the landuse/landcover (LULC) change. Set in rural northeast Thailand, patch dynamics are examined through use of LULC change trajectories built from an image time series and temporal patterns built from pattern metrics. The given unit of observation is the pixel, and its “life history” is constituted by the values derived from the images of a satellite time series, which are then reconstituted at the patch level for better ecological interpretation. The hypothesis that underpins this approach is that the nature of the trajectory is associated with the function of the land in that patch and in the neighborhood of surrounding patches. Hence, different trajectories of LULC spatial arrangement may suggest, for example, differences in the stability or dynamics of LULC over time and space, which are further suggestive of land sustainability or resilience, or conversely land conversion or dynamism. The study area for this research is a marginalized, agrarian environment in northeast Thailand, a region that has undergone deforestation of upland forests for the cultivation of commercial field crops, intensification of lowland rice for subsistence as well as local and regional sales and global export, and LULC scenarios altering the savanna landscape that serves as the background matrix. The analysis here characterizes the relative stability and temporal dynamics of LULC at the patch level. Pattern metrics calculated at the patch level are assessed as the spatial organization of landscape units that represent: (1) transitional areas of LULC dynamics occurring as peripheral expansion, (2) LULC change from forest to agriculture through deforestation, or (3) agriculture to forest through secondary plant succession, with savanna serving as a transitional matrix. In short, this paper proposes and tests a method for assessing the temporal persistence of LULC through pattern metrics. The method contributes a technique for analyzing the landscape ecology of sites as a function of their stability/dynamics within a scale-explicit context, and contributes to the growing body of work on relating scale, pattern, and process.