Changes In Sound Frequency Research Articles

Influence of Music Psychology on the Consistency of Mood in Movies: A Review of Historical Works and Empirical Research

This study takes music and its corresponding psychological effects in the historical movie works as the research object, sorts out the internal connection between the musical form factors of the movie and the audience's psychology, and then analyzes the tense psychological emotions and their musical psychological aspects through movie examples, explores the sound factors and their psychological contrast effects, and finally reveals the impact of changes in proper melody on psychological outcomes. Research has found that the loudness of sound is closely related to emotional fluctuations, as well as the psychological responses brought by different types of music in dynamic and static movie scenes. When creating the sound of movie and television works, unique loudness designs for language and sound effects often bring unexpected results. The sounds in movies are all compound sounds, different from the direct physiological stimulation of pure tones on the auditory system. The tone cognition of compound sounds not only includes physiological reactions but also brings specific psychological effects. The psychological perception brought about by changes in sound frequency is different from the psychological impacts of loudness, and the psychological outcomes related to frequency are mainly attached to music and musicalized sound in creation. The rhythm, frequency, and emphasis of sound can more effectively and accurately guide the audience to realize the spatiotemporal transformation in the movie, providing them with a better viewing experience. The connection between "real" and "nonreal" scenes in historical movies usually involves high-frequency instruments and significant changes in the rhythm of the music. These self-explanatory psychological suggestive methods, combined with symbolic music, can create a specific "hypnotic" effect on the whole, bringing a combination of natural and virtual psychological effects to the audience.

The dopamine D2 agonist quinpirole impairs frontal mismatch responses to sound frequency deviations in freely moving rats.

AimA reduced mismatch negativity (MMN) response is a promising electrophysiological endophenotype of schizophrenia that reflects neurocognitive impairment. Dopamine dysfunction is associated with symptoms of schizophrenia. However, whether the dopamine system is involved in MMN impairment remains controversial. In this study, we investigated the effects of the dopamine D2‐like receptor agonist quinpirole on mismatch responses to sound frequency changes in an animal model.MethodsEvent‐related potentials were recorded from electrocorticogram electrodes placed on the auditory and frontal cortices of freely moving rats using a frequency oddball paradigm consisting of ascending and equiprobable (ie, many standards) control sequences before and after the subcutaneous administration of quinpirole. To detect mismatch responses, difference waveforms were obtained by subtracting nondeviant control waveforms from deviant waveforms.ResultsHere, we show the significant effects of quinpirole on frontal mismatch responses to sound frequency deviations in rats. Quinpirole delayed the frontal N18 and P30 mismatch responses and reduced the frontal N55 MMN‐like response, which resulted from the reduction in the N55 amplitude to deviant stimuli. Importantly, the magnitude of the N55 amplitude was negatively correlated with the time of the P30 latency in the difference waveforms. In contrast, quinpirole administration did not clearly affect the temporal mismatch responses recorded from the auditory cortex.ConclusionThese results suggest that the disruption of dopamine D2‐like receptor signaling by quinpirole reduces frontal MMN to sound frequency deviations and that delays in early mismatch responses are involved in this MMN impairment.

Ephrin-A3 is required for tonotopic map precision and auditory functions in the mouse auditory brainstem.

Tonotopy is a prominent feature of the vertebrate auditory system and forms the basis for sound discrimination, but the molecular mechanism that underlies its formation remains largely elusive. Ephrin/Eph signaling is known to play important roles in axon guidance during topographic mapping in other sensory systems, so we investigated its possible role in the establishment of tonotopy in the mouse cochlear nucleus. We found that ephrin-A3 molecules are differentially expressed along the tonotopic axis in the cochlear nucleus during innervation. Ephrin-A3 forward signaling is sufficient to repel auditory nerve fibers in a developmental stage-dependent manner. In mice lacking ephrin-A3, the tonotopic map is degraded and isofrequency bands of neuronal activation upon pure tone exposure become imprecise in the anteroventral cochlear nucleus. Ephrin-A3 mutant mice also exhibit a delayed second wave in auditory brainstem responses upon sound stimuli and impaired detection of sound frequency changes. Our findings establish an essential role for ephrin-A3 in forming precise tonotopy in the auditory brainstem to ensure accurate sound discrimination.

Prediction of Intraoperative Fracture by Hammering Sound Frequency Analysis and Stress Estimation during Total Hip Arthroplasty

When a stem is inserted into the femur during total hip arthroplasty, sufficient fixation depends on the surgeon’s experience. An objective method of evaluating whether the stem has been correctly fixed may aid clinicians in their decision. We examined the relationship between the sound frequency caused by hammering the stem and the internal stress in artificial femurs, and evaluated the utility of sound frequency analysis to prevent intraoperative fracture. Surgeons inserted one of two types of cementless stems (SL-PLUS and modified CLS) using routine operational procedures into 13 artificial femurs. These are the standard Zweymullers used in Europe. The difference is the lateral shape; SL-PLUS has holes for removal and the modified CLS has fins to prevent rotation. We estimated stress in the femur via finite element analysis, measured the hammering force, and recorded the sound of hammering for frequency analysis. Finite element analysis revealed that the hammering sound frequency decreased as the maximum stress increased. A decrease in frequency suggested that fixation was sufficient and that continued hammering would increase the risk of fracture. Thus, evaluation of the change in sound frequency during stem insertion may indicate when the hammering force should be reduced, thereby preventing intraoperative periprosthetic fractures. Further frequency change may also predict fractures prior to visual confirmation. We concluded that sound frequency analysis has potential as an objective evaluation method to help prevent intraoperative periprosthetic fractures during stem insertion.

The sound of salts by Broadband Acoustic Resonance Dissolution Spectroscopy

Salts are available in different grades and in a wide price range. Some contain more impurities than others, while some have special culinary traits that determine their identity. Acoustic profiling, which is based on the ‘hot chocolate effect’, may provide an interesting strategy to characterise salts of various origins to underpin their identity. In this study, the link between the identity of 60 food grade and technical salts and their acoustic properties was examined by Broad Acoustic Resonance Dissolution Spectroscopy. In particular, the influence of the composition of the salts and the impact of the salts' particle size distributions on their acoustic profiles were examined. Sodium and potassium contents were measured by flame photometry and the salts' particle size distributions by laser light diffraction. Reference salts (NaCl, KCl, MgCl2) and mixtures thereof were analysed for comparison, as well as intact and ground versions of the salt samples. The results show that both the composition and morphology of the salt crystals determine the down-slope of the resonance frequency, which is caused by the rate of release of entrained and dissolved gas. Coarse salts with high levels of non-NaCl constituents showed a rapid decline in sound frequency, which corresponds to a high gas release rate. On the other hand fine salts composed of pure NaCl revealed a slower change in sound frequency and thus lower gas release rates. The frequency minimums were however not affected by the salts' compositions nor particle size distributions. It is primarily the particle size distribution that affects the rate at which gas is released, and thus the change in sound frequency. Only when the particles are more similar in size, the composition also starts playing a role. Since both particle size distribution and composition is unique for each salt, the various salts show distinct acoustic profiles. Evidently, the current study shows that ‘listening’ to the sound of salts reveals interesting information about their identity and origin.

Artificial Cochlear Sensory Epithelium with Functions of Outer Hair Cells Mimicked Using Feedback Electrical Stimuli.

We report a novel vibration control technique of an artificial auditory cochlear epithelium that mimics the function of outer hair cells in the organ of Corti. The proposed piezoelectric and trapezoidal membrane not only has the acoustic/electric conversion and frequency selectivity of the previous device developed mainly by one of the authors and colleagues, but also has a function to control local vibration according to sound stimuli. Vibration control is achieved by applying local electrical stimuli to patterned electrodes on an epithelium made using micro-electro-mechanical system technology. By choosing appropriate phase differences between sound and electrical stimuli, it is shown that it is possible to both amplify and dampen membrane vibration, realizing better control of the response of the artificial cochlea. To be more specific, amplification and damping are achieved when the phase difference between the membrane vibration by sound stimuli and electrical stimuli is zero and , respectively. We also demonstrate that the developed control system responds automatically to a change in sound frequency. The proposed technique can be applied to mimic the nonlinear response of the outer hair cells in a cochlea, and to realize a high-quality human auditory system.

Mice Lacking the Alpha9 Subunit of the Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Exhibit Deficits in Frequency Difference Limens and Sound Localization.

Sound processing in the cochlea is modulated by cholinergic efferent axons arising from medial olivocochlear neurons in the brainstem. These axons contact outer hair cells in the mature cochlea and inner hair cells during development and activate nicotinic acetylcholine receptors composed of α9 and α10 subunits. The α9 subunit is necessary for mediating the effects of acetylcholine on hair cells as genetic deletion of the α9 subunit results in functional cholinergic de-efferentation of the cochlea. Cholinergic modulation of spontaneous cochlear activity before hearing onset is important for the maturation of central auditory circuits. In α9KO mice, the developmental refinement of inhibitory afferents to the lateral superior olive is disturbed, resulting in decreased tonotopic organization of this sound localization nucleus. In this study, we used behavioral tests to investigate whether the circuit anomalies in α9KO mice correlate with sound localization or sound frequency processing. Using a conditioned lick suppression task to measure sound localization, we found that three out of four α9KO mice showed impaired minimum audible angles. Using a prepulse inhibition of the acoustic startle response paradigm, we found that the ability of α9KO mice to detect sound frequency changes was impaired, whereas their ability to detect sound intensity changes was not. These results demonstrate that cholinergic, nicotinic α9 subunit mediated transmission in the developing cochlear plays an important role in the maturation of hearing.

Pitch perception deficits in nonverbal learning disability

The nonverbal learning disability (NLD) is a neurological dysfunction that affects cognitive functions predominantly related to the right hemisphere such as spatial and abstract reasoning. Previous evidence in healthy adults suggests that acoustic pitch (i.e., the relative difference in frequency between sounds) is, under certain conditions, encoded in specific areas of the right hemisphere that also encode the spatial elevation of external objects (e.g., high vs. low position). Taking this evidence into account, we explored the perception of pitch in preadolescents and adolescents with NLD and in a group of healthy participants matched by age, gender, musical knowledge and handedness. Participants performed four speeded tests: a stimulus detection test and three perceptual categorization tests based on colour, spatial position and pitch.Results revealed that both groups were equally fast at detecting visual targets and categorizing visual stimuli according to their colour. In contrast, the NLD group showed slower responses than the control group when categorizing space (direction of a visual object) and pitch (direction of a change in sound frequency). This pattern of results suggests the presence of a subtle deficit at judging pitch in NLD along with the traditionally-described difficulties in spatial processing.

융합된 다중 센서와 EKF 기반의 무인잠수정의 항법시스템 설계

This paper proposes a navigation system with a robust localization method for an underwater unmanned vehicle. For robust localization with IMU (Inertial Measurement Unit), a DVL (Doppler Velocity Log), and depth sensors, the EKF (Extended Kalman Filter) has been utilized to fuse multiple nonlinear data. Note that the GPS (Global Positioning System), which can obtain the absolute coordinates of the vehicle, cannot be used in the water. Additionally, the DVL has been used for measuring the relative velocity of the underwater vehicle. The DVL sensor measures the velocity of an object by using Doppler effects, which cause sound frequency changes from the relative velocity between a sound source and an observer. When the vehicle is moving, the motion trajectory to a target position can be recorded by the sensors attached to the vehicle. The performance of the proposed navigation system has been verified through real experiments in which an underwater unmanned vehicle reached a target position by using an IMU as a primary sensor and a DVL as the secondary sensor.

Increased syllable rate during aggressive singing in a bird with complex and fast song

Sexual signals can comprise traits with multiple functions, and species with extreme phenotypes offer an opportunity to link function with signal evolution. This is the case in the serin Serinus serinus, a songbird with extremely fast syllable rate compared to related finches, and high sound frequency for its body size. Previous work on receiver responses showed that playback of artificially increased syllable rate is avoided and inhibits vocal responses, suggesting it is perceived as aggressive, while, on the contrary, higher sound frequency appears preferred by females. We tested whether senders also change these traits during aggressive singing, with a field playback experiment. Serin males responding aggressively by approaching the playback loudspeaker also increased syllable rate, while males responding less aggressively did not change syllable rate. Together with work on receiver responses, this suggests that aggressive signalling may have been an important selective pressure for the evolution of extremely fast syllable rate in this species. It is noteworthy that aggressive male serins still increase syllable rate, despite of their already elevated natural syllable rate. We found no changes in sound frequency when singing aggressively, which agrees with previous work that instead showed a female preference for high song frequency. We conclude that the evolution of extreme traits in serin song is best explained by multiple functions.

Event-related potentials to tones show differences between children with multiple risk factors for dyslexia and control children before the onset of formal reading instruction

Multiple risk factors can affect the development of specific reading problems or dyslexia. In addition to the most prevalent and studied risk factor, phonological processing, auditory discrimination problems have also been found in children and adults with reading difficulties. The present study examined 37 children between the ages of 5 and 6, 11 of which had multiple risk factors for developing reading problems. The children participated in a passive oddball EEG experiment with sinusoidal sounds with changes in sound frequency, duration, or intensity. The responses to the standard stimuli showed a negative voltage shift in children at risk for reading problems compared to control children at 107–215ms in frontocentral areas corresponding to P1 offset and N250 onset. Source analyses showed that the difference originated from the left and right auditory cortices. Additionally, the children at risk for reading problems had a larger late discriminative negativity (LDN) response in amplitude for sound frequency change than the control children. The amplitudes at the P1–N250 time window showed correlations to letter knowledge and phonological identification whereas the amplitudes at the LDN time window correlated with verbal short-term memory and rapid naming. These results support the view that problems in basic auditory processing abilities precede the onset of reading instruction and can act as one of the risk factors for dyslexia.

The mismatch negativity (MMN) brain response to sound frequency changes in adult cochlear implant recipients: a follow-up study

Conclusion: Plasticity of auditory pitch discrimination driven by cochlear implant (CI) use uring a 2.5-year follow-up was indicated by an enhancement of the amplitude of mismatch negativity (MMN) event-related brain potential (ERP) to pure tone frequency changes. Objectives: To follow up changes in MMN elicited to frequency and duration changes in tones during 2.5 years of CI use and to compare MMN results with audiometric speech recognition scores (SRSs). Methods: Postlingually deafened adults with Cochlear Nucleus CI-22 and spectra processor with SPEAK strategy were recruited. MMN was measured at 1 and 2.5 years after CI activation. Repetitive 100 ms standard tones with a frequency of 500, 1000, 2000 or 4000 Hz in separate sequences were delivered to participants concentrating on a silent movie. Deviant tones occurring infrequently among standard tones were 20% lower in frequency or 50% shorter in duration than the standards. Speech recognition ability was followed with SRSs. Results: Both time from CI activation and the frequency range of tones had significant effects on the MMN amplitude. A significant enhancement was observed for the MMN elicited by 3200 Hz deviant tones among 4000 Hz standards. Also SRSs significantly increased with time and correlated with MMN amplitudes to the 3200 Hz deviants in both measurements.

NEUROPHYSIOLOGICAL ABNORMALITIES DURING STIMULUS PROCESSING IN YOUTH AT CLINICAL HIGH RISK FOR PSYCHOSIS: AN INTERIM ANALYSIS OF THE NAPLS DATA

Reduction in a pre-attentive measure of auditory change detection, mismatch negativity (MMN), is one of the most consistent findings in schizophrenia. Recently, our group showed a reduction in MMN to changes in the duration and intensity of background sounds in those within 5 years of illness onset, whereas reduced MMNs to changes in sound frequency were only seen in patients with longer illness duration. In this report, we examine whether reduced MMN, as well as P3a, another index of auditory deviance detection, to duration changes is evident even earlier in the illness, that is, in individuals in the first episode of a psychosis (FEP) and individuals identified as being at ultra-high risk of developing schizophrenia (UHR).Mismatch negativity and P3a were measured in 30 UHR individuals, 10 FEP individuals, and 20 healthy control subjects to both long (100 msec) and short (50 msec) duration deviant sounds.Mismatch negativity was reduced to both duration deviants not only in the FEP group but also in the UHR group. P3a amplitude was also reduced in the UHR group but at trend level only in FEP. However, MMN and P3a reductions were unrelated in both UHR and FEP groups, suggesting that they reflect distinct deficits.These results suggest that MMN, as well as P3a, to duration deviants are reduced in very early stages of a psychotic illness including those in an at-risk mental state. Both should be considered as potential markers of the prodrome.

In Search of Psychosis Biomarkers in High-risk Populations: Is the Mismatch Negativity the One We've Been Waiting for?

In this issue of Biological Psychiatry, Atkinson et al. ( 1 Atkinson R.J. Michie P.T. Schall U. Duration mismatch negativity and P3a in first-episode psychosis and individuals at ultra-high risk of psychosis. Biol Psychiatry. 2012; 71: 98-104 Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (171) Google Scholar ) describe alterations in early preattentive brain electrical activity in individuals meeting criteria for ultrahigh risk (UHR) for the development of psychosis. Identifying biological markers in high-risk populations is a critical step toward informing about the pathophysiology of the disorder, predicting onset of psychosis, and potentially devising early interventions to change the course of the illness. The auditory mismatch negativity (MMN) described by Atkinson et al. is an electrical brain response that is elicited by any discriminable change in the regularity of the acoustical auditory environment. It is hypothesized to represent the initial processing step in a biologically important series of cognitive and brain events involved in alerting and redirecting the organism's attention toward novel, potentially significant, auditory stimuli in the environment. The MMN may be followed by a positive component, the P3a, which is associated with the involuntary switching of attention to salient information in the environment. Although MMN is generally considered automatic and thereby independent of primary task, some have studies have demonstrated that the complexity of a primary task can modulate the amplitude of the MMN ( 2 Yucel G. Petty C. McCarthy G. Belger A. Graded visual attention modulates brain responses evoked by task-irrelevant auditory pitch changes. J Cogn Neurosci. 2005; 17: 1819-1828 Crossref PubMed Scopus (45) Google Scholar ). Duration Mismatch Negativity and P3a in First-Episode Psychosis and Individuals at Ultra-High Risk of PsychosisBiological PsychiatryVol. 71Issue 2PreviewReduction in a pre-attentive measure of auditory change detection, mismatch negativity (MMN), is one of the most consistent findings in schizophrenia. Recently, our group showed a reduction in MMN to changes in the duration and intensity of background sounds in those within 5 years of illness onset, whereas reduced MMNs to changes in sound frequency were only seen in patients with longer illness duration. In this report, we examine whether reduced MMN, as well as P3a, another index of auditory deviance detection, to duration changes is evident even earlier in the illness, that is, in individuals in the first episode of a psychosis (FEP) and individuals identified as being at ultra-high risk of developing schizophrenia (UHR). Full-Text PDF

Duration Mismatch Negativity and P3a in First-Episode Psychosis and Individuals at Ultra-High Risk of Psychosis

Reduction in a pre-attentive measure of auditory change detection, mismatch negativity (MMN), is one of the most consistent findings in schizophrenia. Recently, our group showed a reduction in MMN to changes in the duration and intensity of background sounds in those within 5 years of illness onset, whereas reduced MMNs to changes in sound frequency were only seen in patients with longer illness duration. In this report, we examine whether reduced MMN, as well as P3a, another index of auditory deviance detection, to duration changes is evident even earlier in the illness, that is, in individuals in the first episode of a psychosis (FEP) and individuals identified as being at ultra-high risk of developing schizophrenia (UHR). Mismatch negativity and P3a were measured in 30 UHR individuals, 10 FEP individuals, and 20 healthy control subjects to both long (100 msec) and short (50 msec) duration deviant sounds. Mismatch negativity was reduced to both duration deviants not only in the FEP group but also in the UHR group. P3a amplitude was also reduced in the UHR group but at trend level only in FEP. However, MMN and P3a reductions were unrelated in both UHR and FEP groups, suggesting that they reflect distinct deficits. These results suggest that MMN, as well as P3a, to duration deviants are reduced in very early stages of a psychotic illness including those in an at-risk mental state. Both should be considered as potential markers of the prodrome.

The effect of measurement error on the test–retest reliability of repeated mismatch negativity measurements

Objective The aim was to study how the measurement error affects the repeatability of mismatch negativity (MMN) measurements. Methods Event-related potentials (ERPs) to changes in sound frequency, location, intensity, duration, and composition were recorded five times during 1–3 weeks from 13 healthy adults using a multi-feature MMN paradigm. The accumulation of MMN was modeled empirically with respect to measurement error, and repeatability was estimated at 0.6–3.5-μV error levels. The analysis was made for the results in the single deviant conditions and their pattern (auditory discrimination profile). Results At the single-subject level, the measurement error significantly affected the repeatability until it went below 9–17% of MMN peak amplitude. At the group level, the threshold was higher. Peak amplitude was generally the most repeatable parameter. Latency was superior when the error was moderate or small (<2–3 μV). Conclusions The measurement error affects the repeatability of MMN. In single-subject studies, it should not be neglected if it exceeds 10% of the MMN amplitude. The application of the auditory discrimination profile is recommended for future applications. Significance The study provided quantitative results to support the discussion on improving the repeatability of the MMN measurements. They are expected to apply conditionally to other ERP measurements, too.

MMN responsivity to manipulations of frequency and duration deviants in chronic, clozapine-treated schizophrenia patients

Event-related potential (ERP) probing of abnormal sensory processes in schizophrenia with the mismatch negativity (MMN) has shown impairments in auditory change detection, but knowledge of the acoustic features leading to this deficit is incomplete. Changes in the duration and frequency properties of sound stimuli result in diminished MMNs in schizophrenia but it is unclear as to whether this reduced responsiveness is seen with more subtle changes in sound frequency. In a sample of 19 healthy controls and 21 patients with chronic schizophrenia treated with clozapine, MMN was assessed in response to tone frequency changes of 5%, 10% and 20%, and to tone duration changes. Patients exhibited reduced amplitudes and shorter latencies than controls to all frequency changes, and attenuated amplitudes to tone duration increments and decrements. Clozapine dose was related to MMN, with increasing dose being positively associated with frequency-MMN amplitudes (10% ∆f , 20% ∆f) and negatively associated with the amplitude and latency of duration-MMNs. These data support the well-established findings of auditory sensory abnormality in schizophrenia and underscore the sensitivity of MMN to relatively small auditory change detection deficits that may appear to characterize chronic schizophrenia.

Music and Speech Listening Enhance the Recovery of Early Sensory Processing after Stroke

Our surrounding auditory environment has a dramatic influence on the development of basic auditory and cognitive skills, but little is known about how it influences the recovery of these skills after neural damage. Here, we studied the long-term effects of daily music and speech listening on auditory sensory memory after middle cerebral artery (MCA) stroke. In the acute recovery phase, 60 patients who had middle cerebral artery stroke were randomly assigned to a music listening group, an audio book listening group, or a control group. Auditory sensory memory, as indexed by the magnetic MMN (MMNm) response to changes in sound frequency and duration, was measured 1 week (baseline), 3 months, and 6 months after the stroke with whole-head magnetoencephalography recordings. Fifty-four patients completed the study. Results showed that the amplitude of the frequency MMNm increased significantly more in both music and audio book groups than in the control group during the 6-month poststroke period. In contrast, the duration MMNm amplitude increased more in the audio book group than in the other groups. Moreover, changes in the frequency MMNm amplitude correlated significantly with the behavioral improvement of verbal memory and focused attention induced by music listening. These findings demonstrate that merely listening to music and speech after neural damage can induce long-term plastic changes in early sensory processing, which, in turn, may facilitate the recovery of higher cognitive functions. The neural mechanisms potentially underlying this effect are discussed.

Differential adaptation of auditory cortex neural populations as the neurophysiological basis of MMN

Event Abstract Back to Event Differential adaptation of auditory cortex neural populations as the neurophysiological basis of MMN Iiro P. Jääskeläinen1* 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering and Computational Science, Helsinki University of Technology, Finland The mismatch negativity (MMN) auditory event-related brain potential (ERP) response is a well known correlate of perceptual and cognitive functions, allowing one to probe, for instance, auditory sensory memory, involuntary attention, sound discrimination ability, perceptual learning, as well as deficits in these functions in pathology. Here, evidence is presented suggesting that differential post-stimulus inhibition/adaptation within anterior "what" and posterior "where" auditory processing pathways gives rise to the characteristic MMN response to a change in sound frequency. Specifically, the relatively broad tuning to sound frequency of neurons within the posterior auditory cortex (and/or the standard and deviant sounds coming from the same spatial location that the posterior "where" pathway is selective to) resulted in suppression of the posterior auditory cortex response to sounds deviating from preceding standards in sound frequency. In contrast, anterior auditory cortex "what" processing pathway was suppressed less, producing a temporally lagging response, thus explaining the slightly anterior equivalent current dipole (ECD) modeled source location, longer latency, weaker amplitude, and different scalp topography for the MMN as compared with the response to the same sound presented without preceding standard stimuli. It is possible that post-stimulus inhibition of neurons selective to other sound features such as duration, spatial location, and intensity, underlie MMN responses to changes in these other sound features. In contrast to the different MMN responses recorded to changes in relatively simple stimulus features, the MMN to "abstract" sound features appears to depend on attention and thus the possible role of adaptation in eliciting (and more generally the neural basis of) the abstract-MMN response is a highly exciting challenge for future studies. Conference: MMN 09 Fifth Conference on Mismatch Negativity (MMN) and its Clinical and Scientific Applications, Budapest, Hungary, 4 Apr - 7 Apr, 2009. Presentation Type: Oral Presentation Topic: Workshop 2: The role of adaptation in deviance detection Citation: Jääskeläinen IP (2009). Differential adaptation of auditory cortex neural populations as the neurophysiological basis of MMN. Conference Abstract: MMN 09 Fifth Conference on Mismatch Negativity (MMN) and its Clinical and Scientific Applications. doi: 10.3389/conf.neuro.09.2009.05.014 Copyright: The abstracts in this collection have not been subject to any Frontiers peer review or checks, and are not endorsed by Frontiers. They are made available through the Frontiers publishing platform as a service to conference organizers and presenters. The copyright in the individual abstracts is owned by the author of each abstract or his/her employer unless otherwise stated. Each abstract, as well as the collection of abstracts, are published under a Creative Commons CC-BY 4.0 (attribution) licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) and may thus be reproduced, translated, adapted and be the subject of derivative works provided the authors and Frontiers are attributed. For Frontiers’ terms and conditions please see https://www.frontiersin.org/legal/terms-and-conditions. Received: 19 Mar 2009; Published Online: 19 Mar 2009. * Correspondence: Iiro P Jääskeläinen, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Computational Science, Helsinki University of Technology, Espoo, Finland, ijaaskel@lce.hut.fi Login Required This action requires you to be registered with Frontiers and logged in. To register or login click here. Abstract Info Abstract The Authors in Frontiers Iiro P Jääskeläinen Google Iiro P Jääskeläinen Google Scholar Iiro P Jääskeläinen PubMed Iiro P Jääskeläinen Related Article in Frontiers Google Scholar PubMed Abstract Close Back to top Javascript is disabled. Please enable Javascript in your browser settings in order to see all the content on this page.

Auditory plasticity induced by music and speech listening after stroke: an MEG follow-up study

Event Abstract Back to Event Auditory plasticity induced by music and speech listening after stroke: an MEG follow-up study Teppo Särkämö1, 2*, Elina Pihko3 and Mari Tervaniemi1, 2 1 Department of Psychology, University of Helsinki, Finland 2 Department of Music, University of Jyväskylä , Finland 3 HUSLAB, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland An enriched sound environment can shape auditory cortical functions in the developing brain, but little is known about the effects of sound stimuli on the recovery of auditory functions after neural damage. Our aim was to determine whether everyday music and speech listening could enhance auditory brain plasticity after stroke. In the acute recovery phase, 60 middle cerebral artery (MCA) stroke patients were randomly assigned to a music listening group, an audio book listening group, or a control group. Preattentive sound discrimination, as indexed by the magnetic mismatch negativity (MMNm) response, was measured 1 week (baseline), 3 months, and 6 months after the stroke with whole-head magnetoencephalography (MEG) recordings. Results showed that both music and audio book listening enhanced the MMNm to a change in sound duration, but only music listening enhanced the MMNm to a change in sound frequency (pitch), especially in patients who had damage to the right temporal lobe. These findings demonstrate that merely listening to music and speech can induce long-term auditory plastic changes that follow the spectral and temporal features of the listening material. Clinically, the results encourage the use of music and audio book listening in neurological rehabilitation. Conference: Tuning the Brain for Music, Helsinki, Finland, 5 Feb - 6 Feb, 2009. Presentation Type: Poster Presentation Topic: Posters Citation: Särkämö T, Pihko E and Tervaniemi M (2009). Auditory plasticity induced by music and speech listening after stroke: an MEG follow-up study. Conference Abstract: Tuning the Brain for Music. doi: 10.3389/conf.neuro.09.2009.02.034 Copyright: The abstracts in this collection have not been subject to any Frontiers peer review or checks, and are not endorsed by Frontiers. They are made available through the Frontiers publishing platform as a service to conference organizers and presenters. The copyright in the individual abstracts is owned by the author of each abstract or his/her employer unless otherwise stated. Each abstract, as well as the collection of abstracts, are published under a Creative Commons CC-BY 4.0 (attribution) licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) and may thus be reproduced, translated, adapted and be the subject of derivative works provided the authors and Frontiers are attributed. For Frontiers’ terms and conditions please see https://www.frontiersin.org/legal/terms-and-conditions. Received: 26 Jan 2009; Published Online: 26 Jan 2009. * Correspondence: Teppo Särkämö, Department of Psychology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, teppo.sarkamo@helsinki.fi Login Required This action requires you to be registered with Frontiers and logged in. To register or login click here. Abstract Info Abstract The Authors in Frontiers Teppo Särkämö Elina Pihko Mari Tervaniemi Google Teppo Särkämö Elina Pihko Mari Tervaniemi Google Scholar Teppo Särkämö Elina Pihko Mari Tervaniemi PubMed Teppo Särkämö Elina Pihko Mari Tervaniemi Related Article in Frontiers Google Scholar PubMed Abstract Close Back to top Javascript is disabled. Please enable Javascript in your browser settings in order to see all the content on this page.