Changes In Social Environment Research Articles

Knowledge is power: Electric vehicle calculator for cold climates

We used crowdsourced data in Alaska and the literature to develop a light-duty electric vehicle model to help policymakers, researchers, and consumers understand the trade-offs between internal combustion and electric vehicles. This model forms the engine of a calculator, which was developed in partnership with residents from three partner Alaskan communities. This calculator uses a typical hourly temperature profile for any chosen community in Alaska along with a relationship of energy use vs. temperature while driving or while parked to determine the annual cost and emissions for an electric vehicle. Other user inputs include miles driven per day, electricity rate, and whether the vehicle is parked in a heated space. A database of community power plant emissions per unit of electricity is used to determine emissions based on electricity consumption. This tool was updated according to community input on ease of use, relevance, and usefulness. It could easily be adapted to other regions of the world. The incorporation of climate, social, and economic inputs allow us to holistically capture real world situations and adjust as the physical and social environment changes.

The effect of social disruption on the use of technologies to digitize B2B processes and its impact on corporate performance

Purpose This paper aims to examine the effect of social disruption on the use of technologies for digitizing business-to-business (B2B) processes. The aim is to assess how digitalization technologies (DT) may impact corporate performance (CP) in B2B settings. Design/methodology/approach The methodology is based on a questionnaire survey in Norway, and a deductive research design. A total of 216 usable questionnaires out of 356 were returned, generating a response rate of 60.6%. Findings This study shows that there is an effect of social disruption on DT (such as digital communication tools, social media and customer relationship management systems) in B2B settings that may impact CP. Research limitations/implications This study indicates that the use of technologies to digitize B2B processes may enhance CP when social disruption occurs. Practical implications This study offers insights to companies that need help in adapting their business processes to the changing social and technological environment. This study also highlights the importance of digitalization for business survival in the marketplace and society. Originality/value This study sheds light on the effect of social disruption on DT and provides opportunities for managing CP.

A study on the double-edged sword effect of inclusive leadership on employees' work behaviour-dual path perspective of cognition and affection.

In order to cope with the volatile social environment and organisational change, more and more scholars call on leaders to stimulate subordinate effectiveness to a greater extent with inclusive behaviour. Existing studies focus on the positive impact of inclusive leadership, but ignore its potential negative impact. This study integrates Cognition-affection Personality System Theory to explore the double-edged sword mechanism of inclusive leadership on subordinates' work behaviour. Through the data analysis of 518 paired questionnaires collected in three stages, the results are as follows: Inclusive leadership has a positive impact on subordinates' psychological entitlement and state gratitude; Psychological entitlement and state gratitude play mediation roles not only between inclusive leadership and work withdrawal behaviour, but also between inclusive leadership and active behaviour; Subordinate narcissistic personality moderates the positive effect of inclusive leadership on psychological entitlement and state gratitude, and then moderates the indirect effect of inclusive leadership on subordinate work withdrawal behaviour and proactive behaviour through psychological entitlement and state gratitude. The above results expand the research on the action mechanism and boundary conditions of inclusive leadership in Chinese organisational context, and provide practical guidance for organisational managers to effectively conduct inclusive leadership.

A multiplex network approach to the self-organizing bonding and bridging social capital fostered among local residents: A case study of community currency in Korea under the Hanbat LETS

A variety of community currency systems have been adopted, implemented, and terminated among the local communities of Korea over the last two decades. Despite its volatility due to the economic, social, and political environmental changes occurring in Korean society, the Hanbat local exchange trading system (LETS) is regarded as an innovative practice in grassroots community currency schemes based on trust and cooperation among local residents and plays a critical role in promoting community rebuilding and the formation of a sharing economy in this area. This study is aimed at empirically investigating the microprocesses underlying the formation of multiple types of social capital—bonding, bridging, and linking social capital—that were observed in the transactions among the Hanbat LETS members through inferential network analysis. The findings show that bonding and bridging social capital coexist in both a singular (or uniplex) type and in distinct (or multiplex) types of transactional tie developments among the participants through this community currency system. By examining the ways in which these multiple types of social capital are fostered through a bottom-up approach focused on a community currency system, the results of this study suggest the potential roles played by peer-to-peer support exchanges and the sharing economy in a local community.

텍스트마이닝 기법을 활용한 기업가정신 연구동향 분석

In order to analyze trends and trends in entrepreneurship research after the outbreak of COVID-19, this study used text mining techniques to examine changes by year and analyzed major keywords to identify the research area of entrepreneurship. We attempted to analyze the field of entrepreneurship research, which has not yet established a clear concept or independent academic field. In particular, entrepreneurship is highlighted as the most important solution in situations where economic and social issues arise, so it is one of the biggest economic and social events that has occurred recently. It was conducted with the purpose of analyzing the research field based on COVID-19, which was an issue. Based on this analysis, it is believed that it will be possible to discuss the direction and definition in which the field of entrepreneurship research will develop in new economic and social environmental changes.

Research on Teaching Reform of New Energy Major Under the Background of College Students’ Innovation and Entrepreneurship

With the change in social environment, the new energy industry has been undergoing rapid development, at the same time, the demand for new energy talents is increasing day by day. For higher education, how to train high-quality new energy talents has become a critical issue. Starting from the background of innovation and entrepreneurship, this paper discusses the significance of the new energy major teaching reform, analyzes the problems existing in the new energy major, and puts forward targeted teaching reform strategies to accumulate experiences for the training of new energy talents in colleges and universities.

Genetically identical mice express alternative reproductive tactics depending on social conditions in the field.

In many species, establishing and maintaining a territory is critical to survival and reproduction, and an animal's ability to do so is strongly influenced by the presence and density of competitors. Here we manipulate social conditions to study the alternative reproductive tactics displayed by genetically identical, age-matched laboratory mice competing for territories under ecologically realistic social environmental conditions. We introduced adult males and females of the laboratory mouse strain C57BL/6J into a large, outdoor field enclosure containing defendable resource zones under one of two social conditions. We first created a low-density social environment, such that the number of available territories exceeded the number of males. After males established stable territories, we introduced a pulse of intruder males and observed the resulting defensive and invasive tactics employed. In response to this change in social environment, males with large territories invested more in patrolling but were less effective at excluding intruder males as compared with males with small territories. Intruding males failed to establish territories and displayed an alternative tactic featuring greater exploration as compared with genetically identical territorial males. Alternative tactics did not lead to equal reproductive success-males that acquired territories experienced greater survival and had greater access to females.

Challenges and Opportunities of Ethical Leadership for University Counselors

University counselors play a crucial role in today's educational environment, and their ethical leadership is vital in shaping the holistic development of students. However, amidst the constant changes in educational and social environments, counselors face a myriad of challenges and opportunities in ethical leadership. This study aims to delve into the challenges and opportunities of ethical leadership for university counselors, providing a profound understanding of this field and offering substantial recommendations to enhance the ethical leadership skills of university counselors. Through interviews, surveys, and literature reviews, this paper explores counselors' experiences and perspectives on ethical leadership, identifying challenges such as understanding and addressing multicultural backgrounds and revealing opportunities, such as global exchange learning. Based on the findings, the study concludes with practical recommendations to help counselors navigate the evolving educational landscape.

Combining prognostic value of serum carbohydrate antigen 19-9 and tumor size reduction ratio in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a common cancer with increasing morbidity and mortality due to changes of social environment. To evaluate the significance of serum carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) and tumor size changes pre- and post-neoadjuvant therapy (NAT). This retrospective study was conducted at the Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital. This study specifically assessed CA19-9 levels and tumor size before and after NAT. A total of 156 patients who completed NAT and subsequently underwent tumor resection were included in this study. The average age was 65.4 ± 10.6 years and 72 (46.2%) patients were female. Before survival analysis, we defined the post-NAT serum CA19-9 level/pre-NAT serum CA19-9 level as the CA19-9 ratio (CR). The patients were divided into three groups: CR < 0.5, CR > 0.5 and < 1 and CR > 1. With regard to tumor size measured by both computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, we defined the post-NAT tumor size/pre-NAT tumor size as the tumor size ratio (TR). The patients were then divided into three groups: TR < 0.5, TR > 0.5 and < 1 and TR > 1. Based on these groups divided according to CR and TR, we performed both overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) analyses. Log-rank tests showed that both OS and DFS were significantly different among the groups according to CR and TR (P < 0.05). CR and TR after NAT were associated with increased odds of achieving a complete or near-complete pathologic response. Moreover, CR (hazard ratio: 1.721, 95%CI: 1.373-3.762; P = 0.006), and TR (hazard ratio: 1.435, 95%CI: 1.275-4.363; P = 0.014) were identified as independent factors associated with OS. This study demonstrated that post-NAT serum CA19-9 level/pre-NAT serum CA19-9 level and post-NAT tumor size/pre-NAT tumor size were independent factors associated with OS in patients with PDAC who received NAT and subsequent surgical resection.

Research on the Integration and Development of University Civic and Political Education and Mental Health Education

In today's society, college students face complex and changing social environments and academic pressure, and these challenges directly affect their mental health. Mental health problems have become a common point of concern among college student groups, manifesting themselves as anxiety, depression, interpersonal problems, and other aspects of distress. Against this background, the importance of Civic Education and Mental Health Education has been highlighted as a key factor in the growth of students. Starting from the mental health challenges faced by college students, this paper discusses in depth the importance of Civic and Political Education and Mental Health Education, as well as the integration and development of the two in university education. Through the analysis of relevant theories and practical cases, it aims to provide useful insights for building a more comprehensive and effective education system for college students.

Controlling social problems and environmental changes through sustainability: Evidence from Indonesian beverage companies

The purpose of this study was to better understand how businesses anticipate reducing societal resentment and environmental change as a result of exploitative activities that damage the environment. The present study used a qualitative descriptive methodology to investigate the operational sustainability practices within beverage companies. The researchers employed Nvivo qualitative data analysis software, specifically version R 1.6.1, to effectively organize the interview data. This study demonstrates that CSR program execution does not solely rely on donations, which really makes the community dependent on the assistance given. The business has taken steps to carry out CSR in a sustainable way in order to promote community welfare and environmental sustainability in the future. In conclusion, this company has completed fifteen of the United Nations' (UN) sustainable development goals (SDGs). In order for stakeholders to properly reap the rewards of CSR, this research can offer an overview of the procurement of CSR programs for other companies. This study can provide an overview of the procurement of CSR programs for other companies so that the CSR received by stakeholders really feels beneficial. This study provides additional insight for subsequent researchers in the form of findings and information on the topic of CSR implementation, but the object studied is different.

Neurobehavioral Abnormalities in Offspring of Young Adult Male Rats With a History of Traumatic Brain Injury.

Children of parents with traumatic brain injury (TBI) are more likely to develop psychiatric disorders. This association is usually attributed to TBI-induced changes in parents' personality and families' social environment. We tested the hypothesis that offspring of young adult male rats with TBI develop neurodevelopmental abnormalities in the absence of direct social contact with sires. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (F0 generation) in the TBI group underwent moderate TBI via a midline fluid percussion injury that involved craniectomy under sevoflurane (SEVO) anesthesia for 40 min on post-natal Day 60 (P60), while F0 rats in the control group were placed in a new cage, one per cage, for the equivalent time duration. A subset of F0 rats was sacrificed on P66 to assess acute changes in hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and inflammation markers. The remaining F0 males were mated with naive females on P90 to generate offspring (F1 generation). The F0 males and F1 males and females were sequentially evaluated in the elevated plus maze, for pre-pulse inhibition of acoustic startle, in the Morris water maze, and for resting and stress levels of serum corticosterone starting on ∼P105 (F0) and ∼P60 (F1), followed by tissue collection for further analyses. Acutely, the F0 TBI males had messenger RNA (mRNA) transcripts altered to support an increased hypothalamic and hippocampal Na+-K+-Cl- (Slc12a2) Cl- importer / K+-2Cl- (Slc12a5) Cl- exporter ratio and decreased hippocampal glucocorticoid receptors (Nr3c1), as well as increased serum levels of corticosterone, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and biomarkers of activated hippocampal microglia and astrocytes. Long-term, F0 TBI rats exhibited increased corticosterone concentrations at rest and under stress, anxiety-like behavior, impaired sensory-motor gating, and impaired spatial memory. These abnormalities were underpinned by reduced mRNA levels of hypothalamic and hippocampal mineralocorticoid receptors (Nr3c2), hippocampal Nr3c1, and hypothalamic brain-derived neurotrophic factor (Bdnf), as well as elevated serum levels of IL-1β, and biomarkers of activated hippocampal microglia and astrocytes. F1 male offspring of TBI sires exhibited abnormalities in all behavioral tests, while their F1 female counterparts had abnormal pre-pulse inhibition responses only. F1 male offspring of TBI sires also had reduced mRNA levels of hippocampal Nr3c1 and Nr3c2, as well as hypothalamic and hippocampal Bdnf, whereas increases in inflammatory markers were more profound in F1 females. These findings suggest that offspring of sires with a history of a moderate TBI that involved craniectomy under SEVO anesthesia for 40 min, develop sex-dependent neurobehavioral abnormalities in the absence of direct social interaction between the sire and the offspring.

Implicit racial biases are lower in more populous more diverse and less segregated US cities.

Implicit biases - differential attitudes towards members of distinct groups - are pervasive in human societies and create inequities across many aspects of life. Recent research has revealed that implicit biases are generally driven by social contexts, but not whether they are systematically influenced by the ways that humans self-organize in cities. We leverage complex system modeling in the framework of urban scaling theory to predict differences in these biases between cities. Our model links spatial scales from city-wide infrastructure to individual psychology to predict that cities that are more populous, more diverse, and less segregated are less biased. We find empirical support for these predictions in U.S. cities with Implicit Association Test data spanning a decade from 2.7 million individuals and U.S. Census demographic data. Additionally, we find that changes in cities' social environments precede changes in implicit biases at short time-scales, but this relationship is bi-directional at longer time-scales. We conclude that the social organization of cities may influence the strength of these biases.

The Elasticity of Space in Karen Tei Yamashita’s "Tropic of Orange"

Karen Tei Yamashita’s novel Tropic of Orange is a study of space shaped by history, urbanism, globalisation, and ecology. Yamashita explores the social injustice, urban, and environmental changes happening in postmodern and futuristic Los Angeles through seven characters and their respective storylines, narrated by various narrators with different styles. Most characters experience spatial and temporal distortions in their everyday lives, allowing them to try to understand the events unfolding around them. Yamashita depicts space as an organic, changeable, and elastic unity. I argue that by viewing space more holistically, Yamashita offers solutions to some of the overarching problems California has been facing for a long time, namely racism, displacement, class differences, transformation of urban space, violence, and the threat of ecological catastrophe. The convergence of space and time in the narrative, mixed with magic realist tropes, enables Yamashita to interrogate and critique the contemporary socio-economic conditions of the Latin American community in Los Angeles.

Prolonged impact of the Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant Accident on health and society

Prolonged impact of the Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant Accident on health and society Naomi Ito, Research Assistant at the Fukushima Medical University, tells us how the 2011 Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant Accident impacted and continues to impact local residents. The health effects on local residents following a nuclear power plant accident are diverse, not only because of radiation exposure but also because of changes in lifestyle and social environment. It has also been indicated that various environmental changes that could emerge during the restoration process may affect residents in various ways over a long time. On March 11, 2011, the Great East Japan Earthquake struck Japan with a magnitude of 9.0. Within an hour, a tsunami hit the shore. Three reactors at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP, operated by Tokyo Electric Power Company) lost power. The reactors could not be cooled, and core meltdowns occurred, which resulted in an explosion due to hydrogen being generated at high temperatures. As a result, radioactive materials were released and scattered northwest from the power plant.

Comparing lying behaviour of young riding horses on days in an individual indoor box, on an outdoor paddock alone, or in pairs and in the following night.

Horses must lie down to go into vital rapid-eye movement (REM) sleep. If they are not lying down for sufficiently long periods they can become so sleep-deprived that they collapse uncontrollably, which results in a risk of injuries. To investigate how recumbency as a prerequisite to REM sleep on the experimental days and the following nights was influenced by changes in social and spatial environment throughout the day. Cross-over design in which subjects experienced each experimental condition twice. Observations were conducted on a horse farm. Ten young horses in training were observed on days when they were alone indoors in a box, on an outdoor paddock alone, on the same paddock in pairs, and in the following night stabled alone. The number of lying bouts and the total lying duration throughout the day and night were assessed automatically using 3D-accelerometers and data were evaluated using mixed-models. Horses had a higher number of lying bouts during the days (p = 0.05, by a factor of 1.21 [95% CI: 1.00-1.45]) and longer lying duration at night (p < 0.001, by a factor of 11.25 [6.47-18.40]). On average, the number of lying bouts and the duration of lying increased from being indoors alone, to being outdoors alone, and outdoors in pairs although this could not be statistically supported (bouts: p = 0.5, by a factor of 1.08 [0.84-1.36] and 1.17 [0.91-1.48]; p = 0.6, duration: by a factor of 1.39 [0.73-2.93] and 1.38 [0.68-2.78]). A small number of horses were observed and there was large variability between days within horses. We found some indications that open space and a social companion throughout the day increased time lying down in the day as well as during the following nights thus allowing for more REM sleep.

AACP’s Strategic Commitment to Improving Pharmacy Education: Past, Present, and Future

Since its founding in 1900, the American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy (AACP) has been focused on quality pharmacy education. As the Association and its institutional and individual members now consider contemporary issues in education, such as competency-based education, it is important to continue their collective work in the context of AACP’s enduring mission: to advance pharmacy education, research, scholarship, practice, and service, in partnership with members and stakeholders, to improve health for all. While language, labels, and strategies evolve over time and across significant changes in social, economic, political, and health care environments, AACP’s commitment to quality in education has been and must continue to be unwavering. Constraints and challenges perceived in the short term should not deter deliberate and strategic quality improvement efforts over time and in the longer term. AACP’s 2021–2024 Strategic Plan, entitled Preparing Pharmacists and the Academy to Thrive in Challenging Times, acknowledges the need to prepare pharmacists for seemingly constant change in the health care environment.

Analysis of the Ongoing Effects of Disasters in Urbanization Process and Climate Change: China’s Floods and Droughts

Urban development and climate change have strengthened the possibility of floods and droughts in cities. In this study, we evaluated the influences of these disasters and related social damage in nine major basins during the past 50 years. Unusually, the following conclusions were drawn from the analysis of relevant indicators before and after urbanization: (1) agricultural loss area (flood), grain loss, and direct economic loss showed an upward trend, while other indicators showed the opposite. (2) Floods most often occur in the Yangtze River Basin (58, 26.2%), followed by the Liaohe River Basin (49, 22.2%), which is closely related to the topography and economic progress of the area. (3) The modified Mann–Kendall (MK) analysis results are consistent with the indicators trend. Finally, the regularity of the climate change and urbanization process is revealed by the migration of the standard deviation ellipse and the mean center of the four indicators. China needs to integrate urban water/drought policy development with sustainable urbanization policy development to cope with the changing natural and social environment and to minimize urban ecological risks.

간호대학생의 성태도에 미치는 영향 요인

This study is a descriptive research study to identify gender role stereotypes, gender expression, positive gender perception and self-esteem, and to identify factors that affect nursing students' sexual attitudes for nursing students. This study intends to use it as a basic educational material for developing a program that can improve the sexual competencies of nursing students as a prospective nurse who can contribute to sexual culture and sexual safety in the future and for the development of major subjects.&#x0D; The subjects were randomly selected the nursing departments of two universities. The minimum number of samples calculated using the G-Power 3.1.3 program. The questionnaire consists subject reads and checks directly, and it took about 15 minutes to fill out. The data collection period was from April 1 to April 30, 2022, and among the 290 recovered copies, 272 copies were used for data analysis, excluding 8 copies with insufficient responses.&#x0D; As a result of the study, sexual assertiveness scored an average of 60.69 points and their self-esteem averaged 35.54 points, which was above average. Nursing students showed an open attitude toward sex with an average of 117.01 points. Sexual attitudes were related to gender stereotypes (r=-.357, p=&lt;.001), and positive gender perception (r=-.299, p=&lt;.001) and there was a significant correlation. The factors affecting the sexual attitudes of nursing students were gender stereotypes, religious presence, sexual experience, and sexual expression. Of these, gender stereotypes (β=-.384, p&lt;.001) had the greatest influence on the sexual attitudes of nursing students, and the second was sexual experience (β=-.306, p&lt;.001). The degree to which these factors explained the nursing students' sexual attitude can vary according to changes in social and cultural environment. It is necessary to investigate the sexual attitude of nursing students as prospective nurses who can contribute to sexual culture and sexual safety in the future. that would make sense It is necessary to develop and apply an iterative educational program that can improve the performance-related competency of college students and further enhance the sexual assertiveness training by instilling the right sense of sexuality.

Speaking about knowledge

Abstract We focus on the grammatical expression of four major groups of meanings related to knowledge: I. Evidentiality: grammatical expression of information source; II. Egophoricity: grammatical expression of access to knowledge; III. Mirativity: grammatical expression of expectation of knowledge; and IV. Epistemic modality: grammatical expression of attitude to knowledge. The four groups of categories interact. Some develop overtones of the others. Epistemic-directed evidentials have additional meanings typical of epistemic modalities, while egophoricity-directed evidentials combine some reference to access to knowledge by speaker and addressee. Over the past thirty years, new evidential choices have evolved among the Tariana – whose language has five evidential terms in an egophoricity-directed system – to reflect new ways of acquiring information, including radio, television, phone, and internet. Evidentials stand apart from other means of knowledge-related categories as tokens of language ecology corroborated by their sensitivity to the changing social environment.