Context Of Social Change Research Articles

Development of a Refugee Health Research Agenda in North America.

The lack of a cohesive, stakeholder-informed refugee health research agenda has been a barrier to promoting, funding, and conducting health research with refugee populations in North America. A cross-sectional study was conducted among individuals working in refugee health in North America (N = 93) to describe major domains within the field of refugee health research and to develop refugee health research priorities. Open-ended survey questions included: (1) What research topics specific to refugee research would you like to see in an international research agenda? (2) Please describe current and important gaps that you believe exist in refugee research and why? Overarching themes focused on the need for the development of research partnerships with refugee communities that are intentional, effective, and driven by the needs of refugee communities. The survey also identified a need for best practices in creating sustainable, community-based research partnerships (effective models and evidence-based strategies) that translate across 12 domains. The refugee health research priorities for North America described in this manuscript should continue to be modified over time as political, economic, social, and medical contexts change.

사회 문화적 변화의 관점에서 본 1950년대 미국 주방 디자인과 여성의 라이프스타일에 대한 연구

This study delves into the social context and cultural changes of 1950s America to explore the interaction between women’s lifestyles and modern kitchen design. Through literature review, visual material analysis, and case studies, the study examines how adjustments in lifestyle affect women’s design needs in three aspects: physiological, functional, and psychological. Kitchen design has shifted from closed to open layouts to facilitate communication and interaction among family members. Storage solutions have become increasingly functional and personalized, offering housewives a more convenient user experience. Meanwhile, advancements in kitchen technology have reduced labor demands and improved comfort. By analyzing iconic designs such as Future Kitchens, Youngstown Cabinet Design, and Cornell Kitchens, the study explores how these designs responded to changes in women’s lifestyles. The findings reveal a mutually constraining yet facilitating relationship between women’s lifestyles and the development of kitchen design in the context of socio-cultural change, offering new perspectives and ideas for user-centered modern kitchen design.

Komersialisasi Pesantren: Tantangan dan Peluang dalam Mempertahankan Keaslian Pendidikan Islam di Indonesia

This study explores the impact of commercialisation on pesantren education in Java, particularly in maintaining the authenticity of its traditional values. Pesantren are faced with the challenge of modernisation that encourages the adoption of the national curriculum and cooperation with the private sector, which may reduce the focus on religious education. This research uses the literature study method to analyse the challenges and opportunities faced by pesantren. The results show that commercialisation, although it can erode traditional values and increase inequality in access to education, also provides opportunities for pesantren to innovate in curriculum, improve facilities, and adopt modern teaching methods. In conclusion, with the right strategies, pesantren can maintain their identity while adapting to market demands, thus remaining relevant in the changing social and economic context.

프랑스 배심제의 절차와 최근의 쟁점

Sixteen years after the introduction of the “citizen participation in criminal trials” (hereinafter referred to as “jury trials”) in 2008 with the aim of ensuring public participation in the judiciary and resolving judicial distrust, there is now a consensus on the need to improve the system. In particular, the number of completed cases relative to the number of registered cases has been gradually declining since the mid-2010s, raising the need to strengthen the system. At the same time, some have pointed out the constraints of expanding the scope and scale of jury trials under current conditions, while others have emphasized the constraints imposed by the Constitution, which stipulates the right to be tried by a judge. With these issues in mind, this article examines the French jury system, which has been relatively unexplored, from the perspective of a comparative case study as a way to deepen the debate. Korean jury system is characterized as a mix of the Anglo-American jury system and the continental European lay assessor system. French system shares similarities with Korean system in that the role of the judge in jury trials is relatively greater than that in jury trials in common law countries, and in that the judge and jury make decisions at the guilt and punishment phase, although judges are not bound by the jury's verdict in Korean system. The purpose of this study is to examine the origins, history, structure, and current status of the French jury system, as well as recent changes, in order to find implications for improving the Korean jury system. The nature of the changes in the French jury trial system needs to be examined in the context of assessing the relative level of change. In this perspective, it is difficult to characterize the French jury trial reform as a 'success' or a 'failure'. Recent changes can be assessed as an attempt to refine the conditions of citizen participation in order to make the meaning of a jury verdict clearer. However, it is also true that there are conditions that make it difficult to expand the practice of the jury system in terms of procedures and costs of criminal trials, and that it is not easy to implement alternatives to it. In the end, to narrow the gap between normativism and realism, it is necessary to look at the experience of implementing a system in order to create a detailed system. French case can be seen as an attempt to reinterpret the ideology of the supremacy of juries over judges and the principle of people’s participation to reflect changing times and social contexts, and to find mechanisms to realize it. The principle of people's participation itself has never been denied in the waves of changes. That is the most important implication which can be drawn from the review of the French case.

Class and Gender in Older People Care in Rural Yogyakarta

This article explores care arrangements for older people in rural Yogyakarta, comparing and contrasting the experiences of older people in three agrarian classes: significant landowners, petty commodity producers and ‘classes of labour’. The study was conducted in two villages in Kulon Progo and Sleman Regencies. Qualitative interviews, observations, life histories and information on the changing social and economic contexts are used to analyse older people’s roles in social reproduction, the dynamics of intergenerational dependency, and the practicesof older-people care. We found great variation in the age at which engagement in productive and reproductive work declines and people enter the state of dependency. Older people may be receivers, or providers of care for younger dependents. As older people live longer, complex tri- and even quadri-generational care arrangements become more common. Class, gender and intergenerational relations shape care relations and practices. State and community programmes for older people, when functioning properly, can be of great importance to poorer households,even though the access is uneven and they do not always match older people’s care needs. Commodified (purchased) care provision is found in some relatively prosperous households, but rarely in the ‘classes of labour’, the landless and near-landless peasants, and worker households that make up the majority of the population.

Non-ecological factors affect human interaction with urban nature and perception of cultural ecosystem services

Cultural ecosystem services (CESs) are not only affected by ecological factors, but also by non-ecological factors such as demographic and socio-political factors. Especially for CESs in urban ecosystems, it is necessary to study how the people's perception of CESs change during the changes in social contexts and urban management. The COVID-19 outbreak caused dramatic changes for human society. In this study, we evaluated people's perceptions of CESs provided by an urban park of Shanghai in four phases of the pre-, during and post-COVID period. It is found that aesthetic, historical and recreational values are perceived in the four phases, but the distribution of people's perceptions for CESs varied considerably, influenced by the socio-political contexts. Besides, we emphasized the importance of focusing on the CESs perceived during the prohibited use, as this is a rare period when people were separated from the park and can only perceive CESs indirectly. People's perception of CESs through indirect interactions with ecosystems has received little attention in previous research, but it should be valued by mangers to respond the issues of CESs equity.

Continuity and Innovation in Pottery Technology: The Karst Region (North-East Italy) from Neolithic to Early Bronze Age

This paper explores the development of pottery technology in the Trieste Karst region (North-East Italy) from the Neolithic to the Early Bronze Age (EBA). It also seeks to identify cultural links with other areas by examining potentially imported vessels. Archaeometric analyses (X-ray diffraction and optical microscopy) reveal significant differences between Neolithic ceramics (Danilo–Vlaška Group) and the majority of Late Copper Age (LCA)/Early Bronze Age (EBA) pottery (primarily associated with the Ljubljana Culture and a few with the Cetina Culture). Neolithic pottery displays consistent characteristics across all vessel types, including coarse grain, prevalent sparry calcite temper, and the absence of grog. In contrast, most LCA and EBA vessels exhibit distinct features such as very fine-grained paste, no sparry calcite, notable use of grog temper, higher quartz, muscovite, and flint content. Notably, from a technological perspective, the analyzed Cetina vessels bear a strong resemblance to the majority of LCA ceramics. The differences between Neolithic and LCA/EBA vessels clearly suggest the use of new raw materials, recipes, and techniques, likely reflecting changes in cultural and social contexts and potential connections with the core area of the Ljubljana Culture.

The Road to Changes in the Preparation of Law No. 15 of 2019 over Law No. 12 of 2011

This article analyzes the changes that have occurred in drafting legislation in Indonesia through Law No. 15 of 2019 as an amendment to Law No. 12 of 2011. This research evaluates the impact of these changes on public participation, transparency, and regulatory quality. The findings indicate increased public participation, stronger oversight, and improved regulatory quality. The implications of these changes in legal and social contexts are also discussed, along with recommendations for further refinement in drafting legislation in the future.

Understanding Public Sentiment Towards Crypto Assets

This study aims to examine the evolution of public sentiment towards crypto assets. The research approach involves sentiment analysis methodology utilizing the SentiStrength v2.3 software. The data utilized in this study is secondary and obtained from scholarly publications indexed in the Scopus database. A total of 112 scholarly publications related to the research topic were identified. The research findings indicate that positive sentiment accounts for 27%, negative sentiment for 34%, and neutral sentiment contributes 39%. Further analysis reveals that the year 2023 marked a period with the highest number of sentiments, with positive sentiment dominating with 23 sentiments. This sentiment analysis method provides an in-depth understanding of the dynamics of public perception towards crypto assets, and these findings can offer valuable insights into the trends and shifts in sentiment that occur over time. Sentiment analysis can offer deep insights into how cryptocurrencies are perceived by the public and how these perceptions evolve in line with changes in social and economic contexts.

Cybercrimes: An Emerging Category of Offenses within the Frame of the International Criminal Court Jurisdiction

In our interconnected society, crime persists, demanding joint efforts by national and international authorities to detect, prevent, and prosecute criminal activities. Jurisprudential evolution mandates lawmakers to possess a comprehensive legal vision, adapting laws to changing social contexts and emerging criminal methods, especially in technology, including computer technology and Artificial Intelligence (AI). This article comments on the escalating vulnerability of sovereign states and their economies to cyber-attacks. The radical evolution of computer systems has led to new modes of aggression, targeting not only traditional legal assets but also individuals familiar with advanced technology. The emergence of "cyberwarfare" prompts inquiries into potential categorizations within international legal frameworks. Recent global conflicts highlight the potential classification of cyber-attacks on critical infrastructure as war crimes or acts of aggression, urging the International Criminal Court (ICC) to consider incorporating cybercrimes into its core interests. While normative references may lack in existing conventions, the Martens Clause emphasizes treating attacks using technology as equivalent to conventional means. Article 51 of the United Nations Charter implies that cyber weapons could be deemed equivalent to conventional weapons under international law. The article stresses the importance of education and advanced training for legal personnel skilled in identifying cybercrime perpetrators, challenging the ICC to recruit or train individuals with the necessary legal and technical expertise for effective cybersecurity responses. The article briefly explores challenges in conceptualizing and categorizing cybercrimes within existing legal frameworks. The intersection of law and technology necessitates harmonious collaboration between legal and technical experts, acknowledging the intricate web of cyberspace and the implications of cyber threats on global stability and security. In conclusion, the article advocates a fundamental shift in the approach to justice, recognizing the ICC's imperative evolution in addressing cybercrimes. Integrating cybercrimes into the ICC's purview aligns with international law principles, emphasizing the equivalence of cyber weapons to conventional arms. Collaboration between legal and technical experts is essential in navigating the complexities of cybercrimes, ensuring accountability, and upholding justice in the digital age. The article concludes by highlighting the proactive role of the ICC in shaping the future of global justice amid emerging cyber threats.

Unfamiliar families and disturbing climate futures

ABSTRACT Ecomaternalism remains the dominant narrative concerning the role of families in climate politics. The centrality of ecomaternalist narratives to intersectional constructions of race, gender, heteronormativity, and nature means that interrogating and disrupting these dominant representations of families is a crucial task of ecofeminist, postcolonial, and queer political theory. This article explores other ways to narrate familial politics that might challenge rather than reproduce dominant power relations. Examining three Africanfuturist short stories by Nnedi Okorafor (“Spider the Artist”), Tlotlo Tsamaase (“Virtual Snapshots”), and Terh Agbedeh (“Mango Republic”), set in Nigeria and Botswana, I argue that they draw our attention to transformations within cyborg, digitized, and utopian families and social structures, as well as the potential for violence within the heteronormative patriarchal family. They narrate alternative discourses about families in crisis, families as threat, and families as ruination that are rarely articulated in climate politics. In these stories, the family is not the solution to climate politics, but a social relation that will (and should) change as the climatic and social context changes.

Demons, spirits, and haunted landscapes in Palestine

In recent decades, a spectral turn has animated geography and related fields like archaeology, memory studies, and landscape studies, examining how places can be haunted by the ghosts of the past, with heavy emphasis on metaphorical specters and spirits. The geography of spirits and other unseen forces presented here takes a less metaphorical approach to haunted landscapes. This paper examines how spirits have traditionally dwelt within everyday places and objects like trees and stones in Palestine, and how people have sought to cohabitate with or settle such spirits. Attending to the physical geography of the spirit world can shed light on how spaces become sacred through belief and practice, and how sacred spaces are continuously remade within changing social, cultural, and political contexts. Drawing together historical observations by European and Palestinian ethnographers and interweaving the voices of Palestinian elders in the form of recorded oral history testimonies, this paper examines the typologies and environments of spirits and jinn in Palestine, with particular attention to water demons and haunted trees. The paper reflects on how these unseen forces play a role in establishing moral, gendered, and sacred boundaries, while at the same time blurring boundaries between popular religion and religious orthodoxy.

Развитие теоретических представлений о бедности в китайской социологии

The study of the problem of poverty in China is of sociological significance in the broad context of social changes accompanying the era of reforms. Despite the obvious successes in overcoming total poverty, this phenomenon still persists in the regional territories of the country, which has many reasons and determines the relevance of their consideration by representatives of sociological science. The article offers an analysis of the main theoretical concepts of poverty that exist in the Chinese research environment. At the same time, their evolution is represented: from the resource perception of the causes of poverty to the systematic understanding of the acting factors and their study in aggregate. The author positions the commitment to a comprehensive assessment of the socio-economic conditions of disadvantaged regions in order to eliminate the negative causal factors of the development of their financial problems and reduce the pace of movement of Chinese society towards universal well-being.

From Maternal Preference to Shared Parenting: Child’s Well-Being. Lessons from the USA

The article concerns parenting after divorce or separation within the context of social changes. Special attention is paid to the principle of the welfare of the child, which is the most important criterion for deciding child custody. The child’s welfare is an open concept that grants a wide discretion to courts in choosing the best custodial arrangement for a child in a particular case. In this context, reference was made to the American experience on parenting after family break-up, separation or divorce. In the USA different theories were developed to explain which parenting model best fulfils the principle of the child’s welfare. This article discusses the tender years doctrine, primary care-taker preference, psychological parent doctrine and approximation rule. After a divorce, a mother was usually granted custody and a father paid child-support. He was placed in the background and excluded from the daily activities of his child. Currently, the theory of mother-nurturer and father-breadwinner is coming to an end; the father is no longer the only breadwinner responsible for providing the family an adequate standard for living, and the mother is no longer primarily responsible for the duties of childrearing and household chores. The changes taking place are reflected in struggling for equal treatment in the award of custody and abandoning the stereotypical approaches based on awarding custody automatically to mothers. A significant rise in the number of parents entering into joint custody arrangements is observed.

Teachers of Yuriy Khmelnytskyi

The distribution of social roles in the learning process has long been based on the student’s demonstration of respect for his or her teacher, who is in a patronizing position as a mentor. Over time, the social context changes, but past experiences certainly leave their mark on people’s memories. While the friendly relationship between Bohdan Khmelnytskyi and his teacher is well-known in historiography, we know much less about the teachers of his son, Yuriy. Therefore, it is obvious that there is a need to close this gap.The historiography is dominated by the stereotype that Yuriy Khmelnytskyi studied at the Kyiv-Mohyla Academy. However, an analysis of source evidence shows that there is no particular reason to assert this possibility. Such assumptions appeared in Polish historical and literary texts to reflect the character’s specific traits. Then they migrated to the so-called «Cossack chronicles», and through them passed into scientific historical narratives.Among Yuriy Khmelnytskyi’s teachers, researchers usually mention Ioanikii Galiatowskyi and Hilarion Dobrodiashko. Moreover, since the nineteenth century, there is evidence of Havrylo Oleshkovych, who also taught the hetman’s son. All of them were monks, but they had different career paths. A review of the biographies of each of them allows us not only to make a judgment about their teaching in the hetman’s house but also to see whether they later crossed paths with their former student.Galiatowskyi and Oleshkovych were under the protection of Lazar Baranovych. They were both later used as agents of influence in dealing with Yuriy Khmelnytskyi. In 1676, the former was asked by Hetman Ivan Samoilovych to appeal to his former student to give up his political ambitions. In 1661, Bishop Methodius engaged the latter in negotiations with Yuriy in order to persuade the hetman to return to the rule of the Moscow tsar. Dobrodiyashko, on the other hand, was a monk of the Pechersk Monastery. Therefore, he was most likely influenced by Innokentiy Gizel. However, he later left his monastery and found refuge in St. Sophia Monastery under the protection of Bishop Methodius. In this situation, he spoke extremely negatively about his former student for refusing to obey the Moscow tsar and praised the deeds of his new benefactor. By that time, however, Khmelnytskyi had already relinquished his hetman’s powers.

The dynamics of the relationship between religious organizations and the government on healthcare interventions in Tanzania since 1990s

The relationship between Faith Based Organisations (FBOs) and the government on healthcare provision in Tanzania has evolved over time. This study focused on examining how the new Faith Based Organisations relate with the government in their healthcare activities from 1990s to date. The results from this study are situated in the larger historical and theoretical underpinnings on the relationship between Faith Based Organisations and the government on healthcare activities in Tanzania. Using ethnographic approaches, this study aimed to uncover how the new FBOs and the government relate to each other on healthcare interventions since 1990s in the context of the changing social, economic and political contexts. Results showed that the socio-economic and political context since 1990s created more space for the new FBOs to strengthen their visibility on healthcare provision activities, as well as enhance their social, religious and policy agenda in the country. Furthermore, the relationship between the new FBOs and the government on healthcare provisions was embedded in longstanding history of religious diversity in Tanzania that was characterized by the need for the Muslim and Christian communities to harmoniously enhance their relationship with each other and the government based on power, faith and politics.

A Concept Analysis of the Social Responsibility of Nursing Organizations Based on Walker and Avant's Method.

The concept analysis process reported by Walker and Avant was used to clarify the meaning of social responsibility in nursing organizations. Defining the attributes of the social responsibility of nursing organizations included accessing, educating, and practicing as approaches for strategizing the social and structural change in inequity, caring for oppressed groups suffering socially from those with privilege and power, and taking action for health policy changes in social and political unequal contexts. The antecedents of social responsibility in nursing organizations included recognizing personal characteristics, the perspective of vulnerable populations, and the social and environmental status quo, as well as educating public services on the ethical and moral reasoning of social issues. The consequences of the social responsibility of nursing organizations were achieving social justice as equal access to basic human health needed at a societal level, equal access to effective nursing practices, and the development of health promotion policies for world health administrative practices in nursing. This study provides guidance to direct future studies by identifying conceptual attributes in the context of the social responsibility of nursing organizations.

How does fairness promote innovative behavior in organizational change?: The importance of social context

AbstractThis study examined how and when employee perceptions of change fairness increase their engagement in innovative behavior during organizational change. Drawing upon fairness heuristic theory, we suggest that change fairness plays a pivotal role as a key heuristic about trustworthiness of leaders and managers in motivating employees to engage in innovative behavior. We also suggest that this change fairness effect becomes stronger or weaker depending on social contexts (change norms, change norm strength, and status differentiation) within a group. Our findings from survey data (N = 318; 35 teams) supported our hypotheses, showing that change fairness is positively related to innovative behavior and that this relationship becomes weaker when (a) group members demonstrate supportive behaviors for the planned change on average (positive change norms), (b) all group members uniformly demonstrate change‐supportive behaviors (strong change norms), and (c) group members' social status perceptions are similar (low status differentiation). We provide insights into theory development and change implementation in practice by highlighting the crucial role of fairness as a key decision heuristic about the trustworthiness of management and demonstrating how social contexts substitute the fairness effect on innovative behavior.

Examining the strategy-situation fit of emotion regulation in everyday social contexts.

The strategy-situation fit hypothesis suggests that emotion regulation strategies are only beneficial to mental health if they meet contextual demands. Previous studies support this assumption but focused on properties of the emotional stimulus and reported cross-sectional associations with mental health, thus neglecting the social context and long-term mental health outcomes. To address these limitations, we examined (1) whether reappraisal, social sharing, and suppression varied depending on the social context (i.e., being alone, among close others, or nonclose others) and (2) whether specific strategy-context associations were linked to current, and (3) long-term mental health. The study consisted of two ecological momentary assessment (EMA) periods, separated by one year, and the second period occurred during COVID-19-related governmentally imposed social restrictions. This design allowed us to examine emotion regulation following social context changes. Our results indicate that emotion regulation varied by the social context. Reappraisal was used more frequently when being alone, suppression occurred more among nonclose others, and social sharing increased with close others. Regarding current mental health, more suppression was linked to higher depressive symptoms only when used in the presence of close others. In contrast, using suppression when being alone was linked to lower depressive symptoms. Finally, analyses with long-term outcomes revealed improved mental health when participants increased their use of reappraisal when being alone, and decreased reappraisal after a higher presence of close others. These findings could reflect the unique regulatory costs and benefits of different social situations and highlight the role of context-specific reappraisal for longer-term adaptiveness. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

"ЦИФРОВОЕ ПОКОЛЕНИЕ": НЕКОТОРЫЕ ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНЫЕ АСПЕКТЫ ПРОБЛЕМЫ

The article discusses issues related to the phenomenon of the «digital generation», reveals its main characteristics. Attention is drawn to the concepts of «digital migrant» and «digital aborigine», their comparative analysis is given, the processes of their socialization and adaptation to the changing social and educational context are traced. The features of the influence of the virtual-real educational environment on the formation of generation Z. Some educational aspects of the problem are investigated, attention is drawn to the positive and negative sides of digitalization of education. The contradictory nature of the impact of digital tools on the consciousness and behavior of students is shown. The concept of digital literacy is considered, the need for digital literacy by participants of the educational process, teachers - first of all, is emphasized. The relevance of digital competencies in modern education, the importance of a rational combination of traditional methods and media resources in the learning process is emphasized.