Changes In Self-identification Research Articles

Polishidentityinthesovietperiod:peculiaritiesandfactorsoftransformation

The article is devoted to Poland’s historical events and how they were affecting theirnational self-consciousness during that time. The article was written based on our researchquestions “How much did Poland suffer during its attachment to the USSR? How did thisaffect their national identity? How historical events affect national identity in the example ofPoland?” The method of the search is quantitative and was used to find information for thearticle.ThearticlerunsaboutsomefactstakenfromthehistoryofPolandliketheSovietinvasionof Poland, World War II and its consequences for the country, andPoland’s life after WorldWar II. The importance of the topic is that the question of identity has always been at theforefront for Europeans, including Poland, which has experienced some difficulties and changesin self-identification, while some nations have not recognized them asPoles. Critical juncturesinthelifeofeverycountry,beitinvaderorvictim,havealwaysbroughtaboutchangesnotonly externally but also subconsciously, shaping or conversely deforming the thinking andperceptions of people and the world. It is important to look soberly into the past and study thehistory of a country that has experienced not the best events in life, so as to have a clear picturebeforeyoureyesforabetterunderstandingofwhatishappening.

An exploration of academic identity through the COVID-19 pandemic

ABSTRACT The COVID-19 global pandemic precipitated migration to online learning and teaching for students and universities. This study explored the change in self-identification in an academic role through the significant disruption caused by the urgent migration from on-campus teaching to online teaching in the face of lockdowns designed to limit the spread of the virus. Drawing upon identity theory, this study explored the impact of the swift change in work practices on the academic identities of staff (n = 33) at a UK university. Three themes were identified: identity disruption, sensemaking and nostalgia for what had been lost. Hearing directly from academics is important because academic identity, in an increasingly neoliberal sector, was already a topic of interest, with tension and insecurity affecting work practices, including interactions with students. The experiences of the disrupted academic sessions could result in significant changes in practice, and a re-shaping of the academic role to build upon online pedagogies, interactions with students, and peers. If so, what it means to be an academic will change with consequent implications for prioritisation, workloads, attracting and retaining academics, and student experience. The themes arising from this study are discussed and implications for future practice are presented.

ОНТОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ОСНОВАНИЯ КЛАССИФИКАЦИИ ИСТОРИЧЕСКИХ ЦИКЛОВ

The author of the article considers the possibility of building a theory of cycles by referring to the method of ontological modeling, which goes back to the models of being that were popular in the cultures of the ancient world. Many of them have 8–10 elements, but there are also those with 30/32, 45 and 64 elements, etc. In modern methodology, a comparable volume of cycles takes place only in the concept of large economic cycles of Kondratiev lasting from 47 to 60 years. The object of analysis is the geopolitical processes of the 19th–21st centuries. The subject of analysis is the final stages of macrocycles of historical development. The purpose of this work is to establish the general patterns of development and self-organization in historical processes by means of humanitarian research. The lower limit of long cycles is interpreted in the present application with respect to the 45-element ontological model of the world order in the Indian Vastu Vidya. On this basis, a 90-year geopolitical cycle is formed, limiting the element of wars. The internal dynamics of the development of participants in geopolitical interactions is described within the framework of a 32-year cycle, correlated with the first half of the 64-element cycle of the Chinese "Book of Changes", which describes the cycle of cognitive activity. Going beyond this cycle by adding another 8 stages leads to a 72-year cycle of radical change in self-identification and political course. Based on the results of the study, the author concludes about the prospects of the method of ontological modeling for the analysis of historical processes and the determination of future development.

Global Cultural Identity Among Young People in Slovakia

Abstract It is becoming increasingly obvious that young people are facing the globalisation of personal identity. It is the result of ongoing interaction between individuals and their globalised socio-cultural environment that leads to changes in self-identification. Cultural openness and the “de-territorialisation” of identity are the key aspects of this process. The paper explores the globalisation of identities among secondary school students, using the concept of global self-identification. The analysis employs quantitative data from the Survey of Young People’s Cultural Literacy. The globalisation of identity is captured by the Global Identity Scale (Türken, Rudmin, 2013), which consists of two dimensions – “Non-nationalism” and “Cultural Openness”. The aim of the study is to examine to what extent young people in Slovakia can be characterised in terms of global self-identification and to identify what affects the propensity for global self-identification. Furthermore, it tests the relationship between global self-identification and other phenomena that are supposedly related to global identity. The results show that the global identity is present among young people in Slovakia. By applying multilevel modelling, we identified a variety of culture-related phenomena that affect cultural openness and non-nationalism, including multicultural interaction and cultural participation. In addition, the study confirms that type of school has a significant effect.

The problem of identity in Olga Tokarczuk's novel "Flights"

The article is devoted to the problem of identity in the novel "Flights" by the Polish writer, Nobel Prize winner Olga Tokarczuk. The relevance of the topic can be explained by the active attention of society to the concept of identity and its search in the XXI century. The object of study is the novel "Flights" and the subject is the problem of identity, which is presented in this novel. Analysis, induction, deduction, descriptive and contextual methods were used during the work. The novelty of the article lies in considering aspects of the novel that have not been studied before and in proposing a new look at the features of such a concept as identity. The article analyzes different interpretations of this term in Ukrainian, English and Polish, draws attention to its semantic transformation; some fragments of the "Flights", identity features of several heroes of this novel and their understanding of the corresponding term have been investigated; the key role of awareness of one's own existence as a component of identity has been established; the role of language in the formation of self-consciousness has been analyzed, as well as the influence of self-identification on the existence of an individual; the possibility of the existence of identity not only for homo sapiens, but also for other living beings, as well as non-beings, has been shown; the role of objects in the categorization of individuals has been established. The research has shown that language (with any form of expression – both oral and written) is an important factor in the formation of both external and internal identity. At the same time, the presence of language is not a necessary condition for the emergence of identity, as this concept can be interpreted very broadly and attributed not only to subjects but also to objects. The identification process may be accompanied by the use of additional items that facilitate categorization. Changes in self-identification can cause radical changes in the existence and become the impetus for his transition into non-existence. The work has considerable prospects. In particular we plan to analyze other fragments of the novel "Flights" in terms of identity theory, as well as to build a scheme for the formation of self-awareness.

Clinical and Neurobioligical Features of Gambling Disorders and Internet-Gaming Disorders

In the presented work the acutance and relevance of the growth in behavioral addictions problem associated with gaming activities, such as gambling disorder (GD) and Internet gaming disorder (IGD) is demonstrated on the materials of numerous studies. These studies address both the prevalence and negative clinical and social consequences of these addictions. The gaming industry is developing at a tremendous pace and today is a multi-billion dollar business with billions of active players of all ages, starting with preschool children. Information technologies of involvement and retention in the game are constantly being improved. Which leads to an increase in problem and pathological players.The characteristic clinical and neurobiological features of these addictions, personality changes and negative social consequences are highlighted. The emphasis is not on the common clinical manifestations to all addictions, but on the specific to them disorders. Such as: the rapid formation and development of addiction to the stage where the game becomes the dominant need in human life with the replacement of even basic needs; episodes of altered state of consciousness (game trance) with impaired perception of time, events in the game, memory of them, affective narrowing of consciousness and changes in self-identification; the predominance of the cognitive component in the impulsive-compulsive syndrome, thoughts quickly become obsessive and develops a very intense and generalized attraction to the game (craving), with almost no struggle of motives; high suicidality: ideas in 50-80%, attempts in 15-31% of players. At IGD this question is not investigated. The rapid increasing of the personality changes, depression, anxiety disorders and social maladjustment.Behavioral dependencies associated with IGD and GD gaming activities require deep and comprehensive study. The materials of this report can be useful in clinical practice to develop effective treatments for these disorders.The search of studies was conducted using the following databases: Scopus, PsycINFO, Science Direct, PsycARTICLES, PubMED, Wiley Online Library and Google Scholar.

Getting in, getting on: fragility in student and graduate identity

ABSTRACT Over a period of three years this longitudinal study explored new approaches to consider student identity during the transition from university to employment. Students were followed through a new portfolio-based final year course and beyond university into the workplace. With universities increasingly recognising the employment aspirations of their students, facilitating self-awareness of graduate attributes and the development of employability skills are becoming integral to the higher education proposition; however the impact of employability initiatives is not well understood. The aim of the study was to examine changes in self-identification through the development of a portfolio of work using Holmes’ Claim Affirmation Model of Emergent Identity as the conceptual framework. Data were collected through student questionnaires and graduate interviews. The study uncovered the ways in which role models, developmental networks, and imaginings of a possible self were used in identity work. A fragile reconstruction of identity was observed as graduates faced the labour market, with this fragility continuing to be experienced while navigating an uncertain work landscape. We used these findings to allow us to refine Holmes’ Model by (a) adding a dynamic element and (b) grounding it on longitudinal data.

The mysterious case of the disappearing Indians: changes in self-identification as indigenous in the latest inter-census period in Bolivia

ABSTRACTThe 2012 Bolivian census produced a surprising result: 41% of the adult population identified themselves as belonging to an indigenous group. This represents a dramatic decline in the indigenous population compared with the 62% that was registered in the previous 2001 census. This turnaround is especially surprising considering the election of Bolivia’s first indigenous president in 2006 and the implementation of a series of policies granting indigenous groups particular rights and benefits, which would have tended to increase indigenous identity. Using survey data from between 2004 and 2014 from LAPOP’s AmericasBarometer, this paper shows that the primary reason for this change is a difference in the instrument used for identifying the indigenous population: the self-identification question employed in the Bolivian censuses. The paper also explores socioeconomic factors associated with identification as indigenous and with other relevant ethnic categories in Bolivia, finding evidence suggesting that part of this identification is based on political grounds, and providing empirical elements that could contribute to the debate on how to measure ethnic identity in census and surveys.

Heartfelt embodiment: Changes in body-ownership and self-identification produce distinct changes in interoceptive accuracy

Interoceptive and exteroceptive information are both essential for the construction and update of self-awareness. Whereas several studies have shown how interoceptive accuracy or cardiac feedback influences body-awareness, no studies have looked at the reverse effect, namely how exteroceptively-driven changes in body-ownership and self-identification can influence individuals’ ability to detect internal bodily signals. We exposed participants to the Rubber Hand Illusion (Experiment 1) and to the Enfacement Illusion (Experiment 2), and tested how this change in the sense of body-ownership and self-identification affected their interoceptive accuracy (IAcc). The heartbeat-counting task was used to measure IAcc before the bodily illusions, and then the same task was interleaved with periods of visuo-tactile stimulation, during which synchronous and asynchronous multisensory stimulation was applied. We found that a change in body-ownership significantly improved performance of participants with lower interoceptive accuracy. In contrast, a change in self-identification significantly decreased performance of participants with higher interoceptive accuracy. These results suggest that changes in different domains of self-awareness can differentially impact individuals’ ability to accurately detect signals arising from within the body, highlighting the distinct role that interoceptive signals play for different facets of bodily self-consciousness.

Conceptual processing is referenced to the experienced location of the self, not to the location of the physical body

We tested whether an experimentally induced change in the experienced location of the self by means of the Full Body Illusion (FBI) would impact high-level cognitive processing.In an implicit association task, participants saw a landscape where words, conveying spatial (“Near”, “Far”) or social (“Us”, “Them”) semantic distance appeared either in a proximal or distal position. Words’ “semantic” distance was congruent or incongruent to the words’ spatial position. Participants were asked to classify words’ spatial position. Implicit association judgements were intermingled with sessions of visuo-tactile stimulation, during which participants were touched on their back, while viewing an avatar in the distal position being touched either synchronously or asynchronously. In a control experiment, participants performed the same task while observing a neutral object being touched, as a control.When subjects self-identified with the avatar presented at the distal position, the facilitation effect of the words’ spatial-semantic congruency disappeared. The congruency effect did not disappear in case of asynchronous stimulation as well as in the control experiment with the object, where no change in self-identification was observed. These results demonstrate that conceptual processing is not referenced to the location of the physical body, but to the experienced location of the self.

Probing Change in Racial Self-identification

Recent studies have shown that racial identification varies across context and time. Although sociologists recognize many contextual factors associated with racial group membership, relatively little attention has been given to understanding the specific factors—such as self-perceptions, socioeconomic incentives, and family pressures—that relate to changes in racial self-identification, especially among children of immigrants individuals who may have a relatively high propensity for inconsistency in racial identification. Using two waves of data from the Children of Immigrants Longitudinal Study and guided by social identity theory, the authors seek to (1) explore the prevalence of changes in racial self-identification over time within this sample and (2) understand the mechanisms that may contribute to changes in self-identification. The results indicate that self-esteem, self-worth, and family cohesion are related to an individual’s reporting a change in racial identification between waves. Socioeconomic status and depression are not related to changes in racial identification.

Right insular damage decreases heartbeat awareness and alters cardio-visual effects on bodily self-consciousness

Recent evidence suggests that multisensory integration of bodily signals involving exteroceptive and interoceptive information modulates bodily aspects of self-consciousness such as self-identification and self-location. In the so-called Full Body Illusion subjects watch a virtual body being stroked while they perceive tactile stimulation on their own body inducing illusory self-identification with the virtual body and a change in self-location towards the virtual body. In a related illusion, it has recently been shown that similar changes in self-identification and self-location can be observed when an interoceptive signal is used in association with visual stimulation of the virtual body (i.e., participants observe a virtual body illuminated in synchrony with their heartbeat). Although brain imaging and neuropsychological evidence suggest that the insular cortex is a core region for interoceptive processing (such as cardiac perception and awareness) as well as for self-consciousness, it is currently not known whether the insula mediates cardio-visual modulation of self-consciousness. Here we tested the involvement of insular cortex in heartbeat awareness and cardio-visual manipulation of bodily self-consciousness in a patient before and after resection of a selective right neoplastic insular lesion. Cardio-visual stimulation induced an abnormally enhanced state of bodily self-consciousness; in addition, cardio-visual manipulation was associated with an experienced loss of the spatial unity of the self (illusory bi-location and duplication of his body), not observed in healthy subjects. Heartbeat awareness was found to decrease after insular resection. Based on these data we propose that the insula mediates interoceptive awareness as well as cardio-visual effects on bodily self-consciousness and that insular processing of interoceptive signals is an important mechanism for the experienced unity of the self.

Socioeconomic Stratification from Within: Changes Within American Indian Cohorts in the United States: 1990–2010

Socioeconomic inequality in the United States persists with disparities in education, earnings, and health evident across racial and ethnic groups. Somewhat less attention has been given to the importance of inequality within minority racial and pan-ethnic groups. This paper considers the increasing divergence of socioeconomic status within cohorts of American Indian and Alaskan Native (AIAN) adults in the United States. The analyses rely on US Census data for 1990, 2000, and 2010 to examine the relative contribution of demographic change and change in self-identification to the size of AIAN adult cohorts over time. Decomposition analyses demonstrate that declines in poverty within the AIAN cohorts are largely attributable to the more advantaged status of individuals who select AIAN in combination with other racial identifications.

Reprint of “Breathing and sense of self: Visuo-respiratory conflicts alter body self-consciousness”

Bodily self-consciousness depends on the processing of interoceptive and exteroceptive signals. It can be disrupted by inducing signal conflicts. Breathing, at the crossroad between interoception and exteroception, should contribute to bodily self-consciousness. We induced visuo-respiratory conflicts in 17 subjects presented with a virtual body or a parallelepidedal object flashing synchronously or asynchronously with their breathing. A questionnaire detected illusory changes in bodily self-consciousness and breathing agency (the feeling of sensing one's breathing command). Changes in self-location were tested by measuring reaction time during mental ball drop (MBD). Synchronous illumination changed the perceived location of breathing (body: p=0.008 vs. asynchronous; object: p=0.013). It resulted in a significant change in breathing agency, but no changes in self-identification. This was corroborated by prolonged MBD reaction time (body: +0.045s, 95%CI [0.013; 0.08], p=0.007). We conclude that breathing modulates bodily self-consciousness. We also conclude that one can induce the irruption of unattended breathing into consciousness without modifying respiratory mechanics or gas exchange.

Breathing and sense of self: Visuo–respiratory conflicts alter body self-consciousness

Bodily self-consciousness depends on the processing of interoceptive and exteroceptive signals. It can be disrupted by inducing signal conflicts. Breathing, at the crossroad between interoception and exteroception, should contribute to bodily self-consciousness. We induced visuo-respiratory conflicts in 17 subjects presented with a virtual body or a parallelepidedal object flashing synchronously or asynchronously with their breathing. A questionnaire detected illusory changes in bodily self-consciousness and breathing agency (the feeling of sensing one's breathing command). Changes in self-location were tested by measuring reaction time during mental ball drop (MBD). Synchronous illumination changed the perceived location of breathing (body: p=0.008 vs. asynchronous; object: p=0.013). It resulted in a significant change in breathing agency, but no changes in self-identification. This was corroborated by prolonged MBD reaction time (body: +0.045s, 95%CI [0.013; 0.08], p=0.007). We conclude that breathing modulates bodily self-consciousness. We also conclude that one can induce the irruption of unattended breathing into consciousness without modifying respiratory mechanics or gas exchange.

Historical trends and regional differences in all-cause and amenable mortality among American Indians and Alaska Natives since 1950.

American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) death rates declined over most of the 20th century, even before the Public Health Service became responsible for health care in 1956. Since then, rates have declined further, although they have stagnated since the 1980s. These overall patterns obscure substantial regional differences. Most significant, rates in the Northern and Southern Plains have declined far less since 1949 to 1953 than those in the East, Southwest, or Pacific Coast. Data for Alaska are not available for the earlier period, so its trajectory of mortality cannot be ascertained. Socioeconomic measures do not adequately explain the differences and rates of change, but migration, changes in self-identification as an AI/AN person, interracial marriage, and variations in health care effectiveness all appear to be implicated.

Effectiveness of Enneagram Group Counseling for Self-identification and Depression in Nursing College Students

The purpose of this study was to examine effects of enneagram group counseling program on self-identification and depression in nursing college students. Three groups, categorized by how the students solve their conflicts, were selected to identify changes from the program. A quasi-experimental study with a non-equivalent control group and pre posttest design was used. Participants were assigned to the experimental group (n=30) or control group (n=33). The experimental group participated in enneagram group counseling program for 38 hours through eight sessions covering four different topics. Collected data were analyzed using Chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, t-test, and Wilcoxon signed rank test. Total self-identity score for the experimental group was significantly higher than the control group. However, there was no significant difference between the two groups for depression scores. The Assertive and Compliant groups demonstrated significant change in self-identification while the Withdrawn groups did not reveal any change. Results indicate that the enneagram group counseling program is very effective in establishing positive self-identification for nursing college students who face developmental crisis and stressful situations. It is also expected that this program would be useful to enhance the students' confidence through a deeper understanding and acceptance of themselves.

The person in the mirror: Using the enfacement illusion to investigate the experiential structure of self-identification

How do we acquire a mental representation of our own face? Recently, synchronous, but not asynchronous, interpersonal multisensory stimulation (IMS) between one's own and another person's face has been used to evoke changes in self-identification (enfacement illusion). We investigated the conscious experience of these changes with principal component analyses (PCA) that revealed that while the conscious experience during synchronous IMS focused on resemblance and similarity with the other's face, during asynchronous IMS it focused on multisensory stimulation. Analyses of the identified common factor structure revealed significant quantitative differences between synchronous and asynchronous IMS on self-identification and perceived similarity with the other's face. Experiment 2 revealed that participants with lower interoceptive sensitivity experienced stronger enfacement illusion. Overall, self-identification and body-ownership rely on similar basic mechanisms of multisensory integration, but the effects of multisensory input on their experience are qualitatively different, possibly underlying the face's unique role as a marker of selfhood.

Early and late activity in somatosensory cortex reflects changes in bodily self-consciousness: An evoked potential study

How can we investigate the brain mechanisms underlying self-consciousness? Recent behavioural studies on multisensory bodily perception have shown that multisensory conflicts can alter bodily self-consciousness such as in the “full body illusion” (FBI) in which changes in self-identification with a virtual body and tactile perception are induced. Here we investigated whether experimental changes in self-identification during the FBI are accompanied by activity changes in somatosensory cortex by recording somatosensory-evoked potentials (SEPs). To modulate self-identification, participants were filmed by a video camera from behind while their backs were stroked, either synchronously (illusion condition) or asynchronously (control condition) with respect to the stroking seen on their virtual body. Tibial nerve SEPs were recorded during the FBI and analysed using evoked potential (EP) mapping. Tactile mislocalisation was measured using the crossmodal congruency task. SEP mapping revealed five sequential periods of brain activation during the FBI, of which two differed between the illusion condition and the control condition. Activation at 30–50ms (corresponding to the P40 component) in primary somatosensory cortex was stronger in the illusion condition. A later activation at ∼110–200ms, likely originating in higher-tier somatosensory regions in parietal cortex, was stronger and lasted longer in the control condition. These data show that changes in bodily self-consciousness modulate activity in primary and higher-tier somatosensory cortex at two distinct processing steps. We argue that early modulations of primary somatosensory cortex may be a consequence of (1) multisensory integration of synchronous vs. asynchronous visuo-tactile stimuli and/or (2) differences in spatial attention (to near or far space) between the conditions. The later activation in higher-tier parietal cortex (and potentially other regions in temporo-parietal and frontal cortex) likely reflects the detection of visuo-tactile conflicts in the asynchronous condition.

Bodily reactions to music: Emotions and preference

Bodily self-consciousness depends on the processing of interoceptive and exteroceptive signals. It can be disrupted by inducing signal conflicts. Breathing, at the crossroad between interoception and exteroception, should contribute to bodily self-consciousness. We induced visuo-respiratory conflicts in 17 subjects presented with a virtual body or a parallelepidedal object flashing synchronously or asynchronously with their breathing. A questionnaire detected illusory changes in bodily self-consciousness and breathing agency (the feeling of sensing one's breathing command). Changes in self-location were tested by measuring reaction time during mental ball drop (MBD). Synchronous illumination changed the perceived location of breathing (body: p = 0.008 vs. asynchronous; object: p = 0.013). It resulted in a significant change in breathing agency, but no changes in self-identification. This was corroborated by prolonged MBD reaction time (body: +0.045 s, 95%CI [0.013; 0.08], p = 0.007). We conclude that breathing modulates bodily self-consciousness. We also conclude that one can induce the irruption of unattended breathing into consciousness without modifying respiratory mechanics or gas exchange.