Changes In Renal Cortex Research Articles

Ameliorative Effects of Dates on induced Toxicity of Aflatoxin B1 on the Renal Cortex of Adult Male Albino Rats: Histological, Immunohistochemical and biochemical Study

IntroductionAflatoxin B1 is a highly toxic mycotoxin. Dates are considered curative plants which are highly effective antidotes.Aim of workThis study is to investigate the induced histological & histochemical effects of AFB1 on the renal cortex of adult male albino rats & the possible ameliorative role of dates. Materials and methodsSixty male adult albino rats were utilized. They were divided into four main groups: control group (group I) (n=20), dates treated group (group II) (n=10), Aflatoxin B1 treated group (group III) (n=20), we sacrificed half of them after 2 weeks (subgroup IIIa) and the other half left without any treatment for another 2 weeks as a recovery subgroup (subgroup IIIb), and Aflatoxin and dates treated group (group IV) (n=10). At the end of study, animals were anesthetized for taking the blood samples for kidney function then kidneys were dissected out and processed it for histological and immunohistochemical study. ResultsH&E stained sections of subgroup IIIa showed various degenerative changes of renal cortex, together with increased collagen deposition as denoted by Mallory stain. There was intense PAS reaction in Bowman’s capsule and basement membrane of renal tubules. Electron microscopic results were matched with light microscopic results. Immunohistochemical revealed intensive PAX2 in podocytes. Recovery subgroup reveled partial enhancement. Examination of group IV showed that renal cortex nearly normal architecture.ConclusionAFB1 has severe damaging effects on renal cortex. These effects were partially improved after cessation of treatment. But these effects are extremely attenuated with dates.

Using real-time sound touch elastography to monitor changes in transplant kidney elasticity

To use sound touch elastography (STE) to assess the changes of renal cortex among different complications following renal transplantation. A total of 31 patients with renal dysfunction after renal transplantation underwent an ultrasound-guided biopsy for pathological examination with conventional and STE ultrasound. The maximum elastic modulus (Emax) was determined, and the biopsy specimen was evaluated for evidence of significant differences among four different complications: drug-induced renal damage, acute rejection, chronic allograft nephropathy (CAN), and BK virus (BKV) nephropathy. Receiver operator characteristics were used to compare the diagnostic efficacy of STE ultrasound according to the pathological results. The quantitative index Emax of the STE technique was statistically significant among the four different complications (p<0.05). The distribution of the magnitude of Emax in the renal cortex was BKV nephropathy > CAN > acute rejection > drug induced renal damage. The renal cortex Emax was statistically different for the severity of renal fibrosis and tubular atrophy (p<0.05). Each of the four different complications of transplantation influenced the Emax of the renal cortex differently. Emax can be used to assess the severity of renal fibrosis and tubular atrophy.

Carisoprodol (Somadril) induced histological and histochemical changes in renal cortex of pregnant rats and their fetuses

Background: carisoprodol is a generally prescribed skeletal muscle relaxant whose primary active metabolite is meprobamate, a substance with well-established abuse potential similar to that of benzodiazepines. A number of reports showed that carisoprodol has been abused for its anodyne and relaxant effects. Aim of the work: the diversion and misuse of carisoprodol and its adverse health effects appeared to be dramatically increased over the last several years. This study aimed to detect the histological and histochemical changes in the cortex of kidney tissue of pregnant rats and their fetuses after treatment with carisoprodol. Materials and Methods: thirty pregnant female rats were randomly categorized into three groups (ten pregnant female rats in each group). The first was administered oral doses of distilled water and served as control. The other two groups were administered oral doses of carisoprodol (Somadril compound) in the distilled water equivalent to 10.8 and 21.6 mg/100g body weight/day respectively for 15 days from the 6th day to the 20th day of gestation. Results: maternal and fetal kidney cortex tissue of both treated groups showed lots of degenerative changes post-treatment with carisoprodol. The severity of these changes was more obvious in fetal cortex of kidney tissue of both groups this was accompanied with numerous histochemical changes. Conclusion: treatment of pregnant rats with carisoprodol led to numerous dystrophic changes in the maternal and fetal kidney cortex tissue. These findings provide evidence to support current recommendations to avoid the use of carisoprodol in pregnant rats except if the potential benefit justifies the risk to the fetuses.

Diffusional kurtosis imaging of kidneys in patients with hyperuricemia: initial study.

At present, there remains a lack of a reliable indicator for monitoring renal function in patients with hyperuricemia. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of diffusion kurtosis imaging in the assessment of renal function in patients with hyperuricemia. A total of 75 male participants, including 25 with asymptomatic hyperuricemia, 25 with gouty arthritis, and 25 age-matched male healthy controls, were enrolled in this study. Diffusion kurtosis imaging data were acquired to derive axial (Ka), radial (Kr), and mean kurtosis (MK), fractional anisotropy, axial (Da), radial (Dr), and mean diffusivity (MD) for comparisons among the three groups. They were also correlated with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). The MK values of the renal cortex and medulla and Kr value of the renal medulla in patients with asymptomatic hyperuricemia and gouty arthritis significantly increased compared with those in the controls (P < 0.05). Patients with gouty arthritis showed significant higher cortical and medullary Ka values compared with the other two groups (P < 0.05). The cortical Kr values of the asymptomatic hyperuricemia and gouty arthritis patients were significantly higher than that of the controls (P < 0.05). The medullary fractional anisotropy value showed a significant difference between the control and gouty arthritis groups (P < 0.05). No correlation was found between any diffusion kurtosis imaging parameters and eGFR value. Diffusion kurtosis imaging is feasible in the assessment of the early changes of renal cortex and medulla in patients with hyperuricemia.

Proteome changes in renal cortex and medulla induced by dietary supplementation with inulin-type fructans in growing pigs.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of dietary supplementation with inulin extract from chicory root and dried chicory root on the protein profile of the renal cortex and medulla of growing pigs. The experiment was carried out on renal cortex and medulla tissue collected from 24 50-day-old PICxPenarlan P76 crossbred piglets (males). Animals were divided into three dietary groups (n=8) and fed with a control diet, diet supplemented with 2% inulin extract from chicory root and a diet supplemented with 4% dried chicory root. Kidney samples were collected after 40days of feeding, and renal cortex and medulla proteins were separated by two-dimensional electrophoresis. Protein identification was performed using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. The diet supplemented with 2% chicory inulin induced significant expression changes of 20 and 26 protein spots in the renal cortex and medulla respectively. Supplementation with 4% dried chicory root triggered changes in the expression of 44 and 24 proteins in the renal cortex and medulla respectively. Both forms of chicory inulin-type fructans effectively affected the expression of proteins involved in energy metabolism, heat shock proteins and other chaperones, cytoskeletal and cytoskeleton-related proteins, as well as other proteins. Additionally, changes in transferrin abundance in both experimental groups suggested the significance of chicory fructan supplementation for iron absorption and bioavailability. In conclusion, 2% inulin extract from chicory root and 4% dried chicory root exerted a similar effect on changes in renal protein expression; however, more pronounced alterations were induced by dried chicory root. Nevertheless, further studies are needed for better understanding the mechanism underlying the effect of chicory inulin-type fructans and their fermentation end products on the kidneys of growing pigs.

The role of retinoids in acute renal damage associated with acetic acid induced ulcerative colitis in adult male rats : Histological and biochemical study

Background: Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the colon. However, it affects other extra-intestinalorgans, such as the kidney.Objective: This study aimed to demonstrate the histological changes of renal cortex associated with acetic acid (AA) inducedcolitis and to evaluate the role of retinoids in colitis and its mediated renal injury.Materials and Methods: 42 adult male rats were divided into: group I (control), group II (AA- colitis) received acetic acid(AA) rectal enema, group III received retinyle palmitae (RP- treated) and group IV treated with all-trans retinoic acid (ATRAtreated)after colitis induction. For biochemical analysis, colon and kidney tissue levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α),nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB), vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A), myeloperoxidase (MPO), malondialdehyde(MDA), total nitrite and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were aasessed. Also, sections of the renal cortex were taken forhistolopathological evaluation and immunohistochemical detection of BAX.Results: AA-induced Colitis induced acute injury in renal cortex of animals. Both RP and ATRA showed a significantameliorating effect on colitis and colitis-associated acute kidney injury, reduced weight loss, decreased colon and kidneyneutrophil infiltration, NF-κB, TNF-α and MPO levels, with decline in VEGF-A, MDA, total nitrite and elevated TAC. Bothgroups had less renal tissue damage and decrease tubules apoptosis.Conclusion: Both retinoids are effective mostly ATRA in amelioration of the inflammatory process in colitis and its histologicalrenal impaction. This response may be attributed to their anti-inflammatory mechanism by inhibiting NF-κB and reducingtissue alterations via their antioxidant and antiangiogenic properties.

Sexual Dimorphism in Relation to Structural Changes in Renal Cortex in Different Age Groups: Possible Role of Endogenous SCs

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an inevitable process which might be the major cause of death in senile age. In certain diseases male gender is a risk factor. The mitotic division of resident SCs might be stimulated by cellular injury and contribute to the restoration of damaged cells.Aim of study: The current study is designed to study the sexual dimorphism in relation to structural changes in the renal cortex in prepubertal, pubertal and postpubertal age groups of rat. In addition, possible role of endogenous stem cells (SCs).Materials and methods: Thirty albino rats were divided into three groups, Pre-pubertal, pubertal and post-pubertal each was subdivided into two subgroups male and female respectively. The body weight (BW), kidney weight (KW), cross sectional area (CA) and serum creatinine (sC) were determined. Kidney sections were subjected to histological, histochemical, immunohistochemical, morphometric and statistical studies.Results: BW and glomerular area values recorded age related changes. While KW, CA, sC, count of dark nuclei, area of collagen, thickness of tubular basement membrane, count of proliferation marker proved age and sex related changes.Conclusion: Progressive age related increase in BW, KW, CA, sC and glomerular area (GA) was found, that became reciprocal for the GA in postpubertal rats due to atrophy. Elevated sC, enhanced apoptosis, fibrosis and thickened tubular basement membrane (tBM) and reduced cellular proliferation were detected. Enhanced SCs migration in response to injury were more noticeable in male postpubertal rats.

Histological and immunohistochemical evaluation of the dose-dependent effect of gold nanoparticles on the renal cortex of adult female albino rat

Introduction: Applications of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) in modern life lead to the release of GNPs into the environment, thus representing a potential hazard to human health.Aim of the work: To evaluate the effect of GNPs on the renal cortex of adult female rats employing different histological and immunohistochemical techniques.Materials and Methods: Thirty adult female albino rats were divided into three equal groups; Group I (Control), in groups II and group III, GNPs were administered daily as 40μg/kg and 400μg/kg for 14 days, respectively. Specimens were processed for light and electron microscopy, in addition to immunohistochemical staining for tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α).Results: GNPs-treated animals showed many hypercellular glomeruli. Most proximal convoluted tubules (PCTs) were severely distorted, their cells showed vacuolated cytoplasm and pyknotic nuclei. Many distal convoluted tubules (DCTs) showed exfoliated cells and some karyolytic nuclei. Some tubules were totally distorted. Dilated congested blood vessels together with extensive mononuclear cellular aggregations were observed. Ultrastructural examination revealed podocytes with small heterochromatic nuclei and interrupted processes with distortion and effacement. Many GNPs resided in the podocytic terminal processes. Some cells of PCTs showed irregular nuclei, variably sized and shaped mitochondria with loss of their basal orientation. Focal areas of rarefied cytoplasm and apical vacuoles were observed. Cells of DCTs showed irregular nuclei and numerous abnormally shaped mitochondria. Irregularly thickened basal lamina and GNPs were clearly observed in their cytoplasm. The immunohistochemical study showed a highly significant increase in TNF-α immunoreaction.Conclusion: GNPs cause dose-dependent structural changes in renal cortex with various degrees of inflammation.

Assessment of unilateral ureter obstruction with multi-parametric MRI.

Quantitative multi-parametric MRI (mpMRI) methods may allow the assessment of renal injury and function in a sensitive and objective manner. This study aimed to evaluate an array of MRI methods that exploit endogenous contrasts including relaxation rates, pool size ratio (PSR) derived from quantitative magnetization transfer (qMT), chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST), nuclear Overhauser enhancement (NOE), and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) for their sensitivity and specificity in detecting abnormal features associated with kidney disease in a murine model of unilateral ureter obstruction (UUO). MRI scans were performed in anesthetized C57BL/6N mice 1, 3, or 6 days after UUO at 7T. Paraffin tissue sections were stained with Masson trichrome following MRI. Compared to contralateral kidneys, the cortices of UUO kidneys showed decreases of relaxation rates R1 and R2 , PSR, NOE, and ADC. No significant changes in CEST effects were observed for the cortical region of UUO kidneys. The MRI parametric changes in renal cortex are related to tubular cell death, tubular atrophy, tubular dilation, urine retention, and interstitial fibrosis in the cortex of UUO kidneys. Measurements of multiple MRI parameters provide comprehensive information about the molecular and cellular changes produced by UUO. Magn Reson Med 79:2216-2227, 2018. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.

Effect of phenylhydrazine-induced hemolytic anemia on morphological changes of renal cortex in adult mice

Effect of phenylhydrazine-induced hemolytic anemia on morphological changes of renal cortex in adult mice

Impact of nanoparticle albumin-bound paclitaxel on microscopic structure and immunohistochemical expression of transforming growth factor-β1 in the renal cortex of rat diabetic nephropathy

&lt;p class="abstract"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;Background:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt; Diabetic nephropathy is a serious complication of diabetes. A low dose of paclitaxel drug ameliorates fibrosis in different diseases. Nano-particle albumin–bound paclitaxel (nab-paclitaxel) is a novel formula of paclitaxel approved in many countries.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="abstract"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;Methods:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;This study aimed to investigate the effect of nab-paclitaxel on microscopic structure and immunohistochemical expression of transforming growth factor-β1 (as a fibrogenic mediator) in the renal cortex of rat diabetic nephropathy. Forty five adult rats were divided into; group I (control), group II (receiving nab-paclitaxel), group III (diabetic) and group IV (diabetic rats receiving nab-paclitaxel). After 4 weeks, kidneys were prepared for light microscopy and TGF- β1 immunohistochemical study.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="abstract"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;Results:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt; Renal cortex in group II had a microscopic structure similar to group I. TGF- β1 immune-reaction was negative in group I and II. Group III showed microscopic diabetic changes as hypertrophied renal corpuscles, expanded mesangial matrix, degenerated tubules, interstitial inflammatory cells infiltration, and glomerular and tubulo-interstitial fibrosis. A positive TGF- β1 immune-reaction was detected in renal corpuscles and tubules. In group IV, diabetic changes were relatively ameliorated with decreased TGF-β1immune-expression.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="abstract"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Nab-paclitaxel partially ameliorated microscopic structural changes in renal cortex of rats with diabetic nephropathy and decreased TGF-β1 immune-expression, suggesting a partial reno-protective effect of nab-paclitaxel in diabetic nephropathy.&lt;/p&gt;

Abstract 026: Renal Medullary (Pro)Renin Receptor Mediates Angiotensin II-Induced Hypertension via Enhancement of Local Renin Response and Renal Medullary α-ENaC Expression

(Pro)renin receptor (PRR) is predominantly expressed in the collecting duct and is stimulated by angiotensin II (AngII) via the COX-2/PGE2/EP4 pathway but the function of PRR is unknown. We examined the effect of intramedullary delivery of a novel PRR decoy peptide PRO20 on AngII hypertension via an interstitial catheter chronically placed in the rat medulla. Telemetry showed that 1-wk AngII infusion (100 ng/kg/min) elevated MAP from 108 ± 5.8 to 164.7 ± 6.2 mmHg and this value was lowered to 110.2 ± 4.8 mmHg (p&lt;0.05) by intramedullary PRO20 infusion (IMPRO) at 120μg/kg/d but was only modestly affected by intravenous PRO20 infusion (IVPRO) (day 7: 151.7 ± 4.4 mmHg). The indices of kidney injury including proteinuria (2.7-fold increase in urinary protein), glomerulosclerosis and interstitial fibrosis following AngII infusion were completely normalized by IMPRO so were the polyuria and downregulation of renal AQP2 protein expression. AngII infusion elevated urinary renin activity from 0.17 ± 0.013 to 9.3 ± 1.7 AngI ng/24h, which was reduced to 0.09 ± 0.04 AngI ng/24h by IMPRO. A similar pattern of changes in renin activity was observed in the inner medulla, contrasting to opposite changes in renal cortex and plasma. α-ENaC mRNA and protein were elevated 158% and 180%, respectively, in the inner medulla but not in the cortex or plasma, and the elevations were abolished by IMPRO. By chopstick electrodes, amiloride-sensitive sodium transport was increased from 13.06 ± 1.2 to 115.19 ± 7.5 Ieq μA/cm 2 by aldosterone, which was abolished by PRO20 (10.5 ± 3.75 Ieq μA/cm 2 ). Together, these results suggest that renal medullary PRR determines the hypertension likely via mediating the local renin response and the direct activation of ENaC during AngII infusion.

Preliminary study of the acoustic radiation force impulse imaging in diagnosis and treatment of IgA nephropathy

Objective To investigate the value of acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) on evaluating the renal tubular atrophy and interstitial fibrosis of IgA nephropathy(IgAN).Methods 117 patients diagnosed with IgAN,and 80 normal cases were examined with conventional ultrasonography and ARFI,recording the shear wave velocities(SWV),the hemodynamics and the renal biopsy results to quantify the elastic changes of renal cortex,with the aim of assessing AFRI's advantages on early diagnosing the impair of kidney.Results The SWV value of renal cortex,renal medulla of IgAN group were smaller than that of normal group (P ＜0.05),while the collective system SWV value had no difference(P ＞0.05).According to the ROC curve,the cut-off value of SWV in renal cortex was 2.7 cm/s.The accuracy of the diagnosis was 71 ％,which was better than RI (61.9％).The SWV value of the renal cortex decreased with the different stage of 1,2,3,4,but stage 5 was larger than stage 4.The degree of renal tubular atrophy and interstitial fibrosis(T) can be classified by the SWV of renal cortex,and the SWV of T2 was larger than T1 (P ＜0.05).Conclusions By quantifying the elastic change of kidney,ARFI technology is able to distinguish the degree of renal tubular atrophy and interstitial fibrosis,diagnose renal impairment early and judge the clinical stages.Furthermore the sensitivity,specificity,accuracy of it are superior to hemodynamic. Key words: Ultrasonopgraphy; Glomerulonephritis, IgA; Acoustic radiation force impulse

Kidney Damage in Rats Bearing an Adrenocorticotropin and Prolactin Secreting Tumor

The effect of chronic high plasma corticosteroids' concentration upon renal function was studied in rats bearing a transplantable pituitary mammotropic tumor which produces large quantities of ACTH and prolactin (MtTF4S). Kidney splanchnomegaly and degenerative changes of renal cortex, particularly in proximal tubules, as well as cytolysis and appearance of vacuoles were noticed in tumor bearing rats. (Na+ + K+)-ATPase activity in renal plasma membranes decreased 67% in rats with a tumor secreting ACTH and prolactin, and 64% in rats with a tumor secreting growth hormone and prolactin when compared with controls. After adrenalectomy of MtTF4S rats, kidney weight as well as plasma concentrations of urea, sodium, chloride and phosphate ions were normalized indicating the involvement of adrenal glands in the development of disturbances in renal function.

Drug Research Using Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats (SHR)

Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) have been regarded as a useful animal model for human essential hypertension. In 1974, stroke-prone SHR (SHRSP) rats were successfully separated from the substrains of SHR. At the prehypertensive phase, the ability of SHR and SHRSP to excrete sodium and water was reduced. Moreover, a reduction of renal perfusion pressure at the hypertensive phase resulted in a marked decrease in sodium and water excretion in both strains of SHR. These results support the hypothesis that kidneys of SHRs require a higher arterial pressure than kidneys of normal rats to excrete a given amount of sodium and water. In addition, reduction in renal perfusion pressure, which seems to be due to the hypertensive arteriolar changes in renal cortex, is likely to be related to the pathogenesis of stroke in SHRSP. From these findings, we speculated that the drugs improving renal hemodynamics in SHR and SHRSP may be useful for the treatment of hypertension and useful for prevention of stroke. In view of our speculation, we successfully developed a new calcium antagonist with a potent inhibitory action against the onset of stroke in SHRSP.SHRSP rats are also useful for evaluation of the therapeutic drugs for neurological signs in patients with stroke. In the present report, idebenone is introduced as an example of a drug for treating the neurological deficits. The drug showed beneficial effects on post-stroke symptoms, such as emotional changes and decreased spontaneous activity, observed in SHRSP.The results indicate usefulness of SHR and SHRSP for the development of new cardiovascular drugs.

Gentamicin nephrotoxicity I. Acute biochemical correlates in rats

Following acute exposure (1.5 hr) to 100 mg/kg gentamicin sulfate, renal cortical homogenates from treated rats showed a 45% reduction in the activity of the basolateral enzyme marker, Na +,K +-ATPase, while enzymes associated with the brush border membrane and other cellular organelles were not significantly altered. Tissue slice respiration, transport of p-aminohippuric acid (PAH), and N 1-methylnicotinamide (NMN) and ionic content (Na, K, Ca) were unaffected by treatment. Cortical slices from gentamicin-treated rats showed a decreased capacity to extrude Na and regain K with respect to controls after cooling (0°C) and subsequent rewarning (37°C). Although light microscopic analyses revealed no significant changes in renal cortex 1.5 hr following injections of 50 to 350 mg/kg gentamicin, electron microscopy detected the presence of increased numbers of cytosegresomes at all doses. No other histopathological changes were evident. These results indicate that gentamicin affects the basolateral membrane of the proximal tubule and that inhibition of Na +,K +-ATPase may be related to the pathogenesis.

Patho-histological study on intra-renal vascular changes in pyelonephritis

The vascular changes in renal cortex and medulla in 52 human kidneys of pyelonephritis were studied optical microscopically, electron microscopically, and microangiographically.In addition, the intrarenal vascular changes in pyelonephritis were discussed in connection with hypertension. Cases were sub-divided into 3 according to their histological findings of pyelonephritis and into 2 based on their clinical blood pressure.In acute or subacute pyelonephritis, there were little remarkable changes of renal artery in cortex and medulla and there was no finding of acute arteritis.In chronic pyelonephritis, there were arteriosclerotic changes corresponding to the histological changes of interstitium.In the severe cases of chronic pyelonephritis, the sclerotic changes in the cortex were stronger in arteria, and in arteriola than their ages, but particularly there was no acute severe changes such as fibrinoid necrosis.Such findings will be explained by the slow deterioration of the vascular system in the cortex based on the interstitial fibrosis of pyelonephritis.In the cases of hypertension, the vascular changes seemed to be stronger than those of normal blood pressure, but it was very difficult to point out the characteristic, morphological findings in the cases of hypertension. In pyelonephritis, there were very few cases of hypertension.It seemed to be depended upon the far less findings of arteriolosclerosis in pyelonephritis than in glomerulonephritis or malignant nephrosclerosis.According to the microangiographic findings of the severe cases of chronic pyelonephritis, the direct connections of afferent and efferent arterioles of glomerulus were revealed: the blood supply of the medulla, seemed better than expected.Patho-histologically, the arteriolae rectae became narrow in such cases, and electron microscopically the atrophy of tunica media and the abnormal changes of basement membrance became revealed.Such findings might be explained by the disturbance of blood supply in medulla in the severe cases off chronic pyelonephritis.

Electrolyte Changes in Renal Cortex, Inner Medulla and Papilla in Renal Artery Clamp Hypertension

ConclusionChronic hypertension was produced in rats by renal artery clamps and the renal tissues (cortex and a combined sampling of papilla and inner medulla) were examined for water, sodium, potassium content, and osmolarity.In hypertensive rats with a contralateral untouched kidney, the cortex on the side bearing the clamp showed evidence of volume depletion compared to the opposite intact side, i.e., significance tests showed a decreased water content, an unchanged sodium, and increased potassium content per kilo of tissue water; a decreased sodium and an unchanged potassium content when expressed per unit of dry weight. In the three hypertensive rats in which the contralateral kidney was excised after placement of the renal artery clamps, no significant difference was noted from the cortex of control uninephrectomized animals.Unlike the cortex, tissue from the inner medulla and papilla did not exhibit a difference between the clamped and the untouched kidney with respect to water or sodium content. Th...

Vascular and Circulatory Changes in Renal Cortex in the Anuric Crush-Syndrome

In 4 instances of fatal, so-called renal crush syndrome in man, study at necropsy disclosed glomerular ischemia or oligemia; enlargement of the juxta-glomerular apparatus with increased granularity of the cells, hyperplasia and hypertrophy of the afibrillar (granular and non-granular) cells of the media of the pre-glomerular arterioles. In 2 of the 4 cases, intimal granulomata and parietal thrombi were found in the interlobular veins. Since similar changes are found in ischemic (Goldblatt) kidneys, in which the author postulated an endocrino-logic role for the affected cells, consisting of the liberation of a vasopressor substance, it is suggested that similar liberation of a vasopressor substance occurs in the anuric crush syndrome, causing arteriolar spasm at the vascular pole of the glomerular tufts.