Changes In Obese Women Research Articles

Leptin, Ghrelin, Irisin, Asprosin and Subfatin Changes in Obese Women: Effect of Exercise and Different Nutrition Types.

Background and Objectives: In this study, the effects of a six-week training program and various diets on subfatin, asprosin, irisin, leptin, ghrelin and the lipid profile were investigated in overweight women. Materials and Methods: A total of 78 women voluntarily participated in the study. Groups: The study was divided into eight groups: Healthy Control, Obese Control, Obese + Vegetarian, Obese + Ketogenic, Obese + Intermittent Fasting, Obese + Exercise + Vegetarian, Obese + Exercise + Ketogenic and Obese + Exercise + Intermittent Fasting. While there was no intervention in the healthy and obese control groups, the other groups followed predetermined exercise and diet programs for 6 weeks. Blood samples were taken from the participants in the research group twice (before and after the interventions). An autoanalyzer was used to determine the lipid profile in the blood samples taken, and the ELISA method was used to analyze other parameters. Results: Overall, a significant difference was found in the values of weight, BMI, subfatin, ghrelin, leptin, cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL and LDL as a result of the exercise and diet interventions (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in asprosin and irisin values (p > 0.05). Conclusions: In conclusion, regular exercise and dietary interventions in obese women can regulate lipid profile, ghrelin, leptin and asprosin levels, and increasing irisin with exercise can activate lipid metabolism and support positive changes in lean mass.

EP01.27: Evaluation of fetal heart and placenta functional and morphological changes in obese women by ultrasound multimodality technique

EP01.27: Evaluation of fetal heart and placenta functional and morphological changes in obese women by ultrasound multimodality technique

Comparative Physiochemical and Anatomical Changes of Metabolic Pathways in Women Because of Obesity, A Clinical Study

Aims and objectives: To identify physiological, biochemical and anatomical changes in obese women of our community for health awareness were the aims and objectives of this study and it was conducted from October 2021 to March 2022 at different medical institutes of Pakistan comparatively. Materials and Methods: 300 total women of 30-40 years of age group were selected and divided them into two different groups. In Control group there was 100 normal women while in obese group, 200 women were sort out. BMI, skin fold thickness, random glucose levels, uric acid levels, systolic and diastolic blood pressure and Disc height index were measured comparative. Raw data of all variables were presented through bio-statistically model SPSS-2018. Mean standard deviation and significant (p&lt;0.05) changes were consider for the description of obtained results. Results: Different parameters such as BMI, skin fold thickness, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, disc height index, random glucose and uric acid levels of group-2 (34.12 ± 0.01, 33.2±0.01, 140.01± 0.04, 90.01± 0.01, 6.6 ± 0.04, 150.11± 0.04, 7.02± 0.01) showed a significant changes (p&lt;0.05) than group-1(20.07± 0.03, 28.6±0.04, 118.02± 0.01, 69.02± 0.02, 7.4 ± 0.02, 130.01± 0.02, 4.12± 0.03) randomly. Conclusion: In this study BMI, skin fold thickness, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, disc height index, random glucose and uric acid levels are biomarkers were showed a significant changes in obese women as compared with the normal women. It has seen that obesity caused severe metabolic changes in the biological system which is so harmful for human health. Keywords: Basic metabolic index, Skin fold thickness, Skin fold thickness.

Gestational Weight Changes in Obese Women: Where Do We Stand? [7A

INTRODUCTION: This study was undertaken to evaluate gestational weight changes among obese women in comparison to the 2009 IOM recommendations for a gestational weight gain (GWG) of 11 – 20 lbs. METHODS: Using the 2015 vital statistics (birth) data collected by the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) for singleton pregnancies, gestational weight changes were calculated and categorized as GWG of &lt; 11 lbs, 11- 20 lbs (reference group), 21 – 30 lbs, 30 – 40 lbs, &gt; 40lbs and gestational weight loss (GWL) of 0 – 10 lbs, and 11 – 20 lbs for women with class 1, 2 and 3 obesity. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate likelihood of gestational weight changes (GWG/GWL) across obesity classes accounting for age, race/ethnicity, education, marital status, insurance, WIC, prenatal care and smoking status. RESULTS: Of 859,996 obese women – 55.28%, 26.54% and 18.18% had class 1, 2 and 3 obesity respectively. Overall – 23.95% obese women achieved recommended GWG of 11 – 20 lbs, with 24.29% having GWG of 21 - 30 lbs and 30.27% having GWG of &gt;30 lbs. While 16.68% obese women had GWG &lt;11 lbs, only 4.79% experienced GWL. Obese women with excess GWG were more likely to be younger (OR = 1.61, 95% CI 1.56 – 1.68), unmarried (OR = 1.43, 95% CI 1.40 – 1.45), and smokers (OR = 1.19, 95% CI 1.16 – 1.22). CONCLUSION: Distinct gestational weight changes are seen across the maternal obesity spectrum with several key sociodemographic characteristics associated with excess and inadequate GWG.

Postprandial hormone response after endurance or resistance exercise in obese women

Physiological changes with endurance exercise (EE) and resistance training (RT) are likely influenced by the metabolic and hormonal response to each exercise bout, but may be blunted in obese individuals. To compare acute effects of EE, RT, and a control upon hormonal changes in obese women, sedentary, obese women (n=12) participated in a randomised crossover-design study on 3 occasions. EE consisted of treadmill walking (65% VO2max for 1 h). A total-body RT workout consisted of 3 sets of 10 repetitions, 90 s rest for 8 exercises at 90-100% of 10RM. Blood samples were taken 30 min before exercise (0 min), 30 min post-exercise (120 min), and again at 200, 280, and 520 min to assess changes in growth hormone (GH), cortisol, and insulin throughout the postprandial period. A 20 kcal/kg fat-free mass (FFM) meal was given after post-exercise blood sample. There was a main effect of condition for GH ΔAUC (change in area under the curve), with both RT and EE significantly different from the control (RT = 463.0±138.2; EE = 243.2±131.6; Control = -90.4±157.6 ng/ml * 400 min, P&lt;0.02, Control vs EE, effect size (ES) = 2.3; Control vs RT, ES=3.7; EE vs RT, ES=1.6). There were no condition effects for cortisol or insulin ΔAUC. There were no significant time-by-condition interactions for any variables. In obese women, circulating GH concentration is enhanced in the postprandial state following a single bout of either EE or RT, with the GH response being more robust than cortisol or insulin. As circulating GH has shown to be reduced in obesity, the present observations could be considered beneficial, particularly alongside the absence of enhanced cortisol level after exercise.

Resting-state brain connectivity changes in obese women after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery: A longitudinal study

Bariatric surgery is an effective method to rapidly induce weight loss in severely obese people, however its impact on brain functional connectivity after longer periods of follow-up is yet to be assessed. We investigated changes in connectivity in 16 severely obese women one month before, one month after and one year after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery (RYGB). 12 lean controls were also enrolled. Resting-state fMRI was acquired for all participants following an overnight fast and after a 260 kcal load. Connectivity between regions involved in food-related saliency attribution and reward-driven eating behavior was stronger in presurgery patients compared to controls, but progressively weakened after follow-up. At one year, changes in networks related to cognitive control over eating and bodily perception also occurred. Connectivity between regions involved in emotional control and social cognition had a temporary reduction early after treatment but had increased again after one year of follow-up. Furthermore, we could predict the BMI loss by presurgery connectivity in areas linked to emotional control and social interaction. RYGBP seems to reshape brain functional connectivity, early affecting cognitive control over eating, and these changes could be an important part of the therapeutic effect of bariatric surgery.

Choroidal thickness in obese women.

BackgroundExcessive weight is a well-known risk factor for microvascular diseases. Changes in thickness in a vascular tissue, such as the choroid, can be useful to evaluate the effect of obesity on the microvascular system. The aim of this study was to evaluate the choroidal thickness (CT) changes in obese women, using optical coherence tomography (OCT).MethodsThe prospective clinical study included examination of the right eyes of 72 patients. The right eyes of 68 patients were examined and served as the controls. A complete ophthalmological examination and OCT imaging were performed for each group studied. The CT in each eye was measured using OCT.ResultsThe obese group consisted of 72 female patients with a mean age of 37.27 ± 1.18 years. The control group included 68 female subjects with a mean age of 37.85 ± 7.98 years (p > 0.05). There was no statistical significant difference for the foveal retinal thickness measurements between the two groups (p > 0.5). Our study revealed significant choroidal tissue thickening subfoveally and at areas 500 μm temporal, 500 μm nasal, and 1500 μm nasal to the fovea in the obese group (all p < 0.05). There was a positive correlation between body mass index (BMI) and CT changes.ConclusionsCT may increase in obese women and a positive correlation was found between BMI and CT.The trial protocol was approved by the Local Ethical Committee of the Kırıkkale University, date of registration: April 27, 2015 (registration number: 10/11).

The epigenetic signature of subcutaneous fat cells is linked to altered expression of genes implicated in lipid metabolism in obese women.

BackgroundObesity is associated with changes in fat cell gene expression and metabolism. What drives these changes is not well understood. We aimed to explore fat cell epigenetics, i.e., DNA methylation, as one mediator of gene regulation, in obese women. The global DNA methylome for abdominal subcutaneous fat cells was compared between 15 obese case (BMI 41.4 ± 4.4 kg/m2, mean ± SD) and 14 never-obese control women (BMI 25.2 ± 2.5 kg/m2). Global array-based transcriptome analysis was analyzed for subcutaneous white adipose tissue (WAT) from 11 obese and 9 never-obese women. Limma was used for statistical analysis.ResultsWe identified 5529 differentially methylated DNA sites (DMS) for 2223 differentially expressed genes between obese cases and never-obese controls (false discovery rate <5 %). The 5529 DMS displayed a median difference in beta value of 0.09 (range 0.01 to 0.40) between groups. DMS were under-represented in CpG islands and in promoter regions, and over-represented in open sea-regions and gene bodies. The 2223 differentially expressed genes with DMS were over-represented in key fat cell pathways: 31 of 130 (25 %) genes linked to “adipogenesis” (adjusted P = 1.66 × 10−11), 31 of 163 (19 %) genes linked to “insulin signaling” (adjusted P = 1.91 × 10−9), and 18 of 67 (27 %) of genes linked to “lipolysis” (P = 6.1 × 10−5). In most cases, gene expression and DMS displayed reciprocal changes in obese women. Furthermore, among 99 candidate genes in genetic loci associated with body fat distribution in genome-wide association studies (GWAS); 22 genes displayed differential expression accompanied by DMS in obese versus never-obese women (P = 0.0002), supporting the notion that a significant proportion of gene loci linked to fat distribution are epigenetically regulated.ConclusionsSubcutaneous WAT from obese women is characterized by congruent changes in DNA methylation and expression of genes linked to generation, distribution, and metabolic function of fat cells. These alterations may contribute to obesity-associated metabolic disturbances such as insulin resistance in women.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13148-015-0126-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Impact of metformin on anti-Müllerian hormone in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial.

Conclusions on the effect of metformin on circulating anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) levels in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) are ambiguous. We performed a secondary analysis of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled cross-over trial. Fifty-six women with hyperandrogenemic PCOS were included. Each woman served as her own control receiving a daily dose of either 1700 mg metformin or placebo for 6 months. After a 3-month wash-out period they received the opposite treatment. The decrease in AMH from a median of 49.5 to 46.9 pmol/L after 6 months on metformin was overall not significant (p = 0.81), nor were changes in obese women (from 49.5 to 38.2 pmol/L; p = 0.53). Comparing individual metformin/placebo AMH values, a small absolute decrease of 9.3 pmol/L (p = 0.03) was observed in obese women after 6 months relative to baseline, suggesting a trend towards decreasing values after metformin treatment, mainly in obese women.

하체 경락 수기요법이 비만 여성들의 신체구성과 혈중지질 변화에 미치는 영향

본 연구는 하체 경락 수기요법이 비만 여성들의 신체구성과 혈중지질의 변화에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 시행되었다. 비만 여성 30명이 실험에 참여하였으며, 하체 경락수기요법군 15명과 반신욕 병행 하체 경락수기요법군 15명을 대상으로 5주간 주2회로 처치하였다. 신체조성의 변화에서 두 집단 모두 BMI, 체지방률, 복부지방률이 감소하였고, 혈중지질의 변화에서도 TC, LDL-C, TG는 감소하였다. HDL-C는 경락수기요법군 0.98%, 반신욕 병행 경락 수기요법군은 1.12%가 증가한 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 하체 경락 수기요법의 5주 처치는 중년 비만 여성들의 신체 구성과 혈중 지질이 감소하여 에스테틱 분야에서의 하체 비만관리 프로그램으로 권장할 수 있으리라 사료된다. This study was carried out to examine the impacts of lower body meridian hand therapy on changes in obese women's body composition and blood lipid. 30 obese women participated in the experiment carried out twice a week for 5 weeks on 15 subjects in lower body meridian hand therapy group and 15 lower-body bathing/lower body meridian hand therapy group. For changes in body composition, BMI, body fat and waist-hip ratio decreased in both groups, while for changes in blood lipid, TC, LDL-C and TG decreased while HDL-C increased by 0.98% in the former group while 1.12% in the latter group. Thus, the 5-week treatment of lower body meridian hand therapy was effective for improving body composition, decrease of blood lipid and of middle-aged obese women, so which can be recommended as lower body obesity management program in esthetics.

Soluble CD40 Ligand in Morbidly Obese Patients

In recent years, the CD40/CD40L system has been implicated in the pathophysiology of severe chronic inflammatory diseases. Recently, obesity has been described as a low chronic inflammatory disease, so this system could also be involved in the inflammatory process. To study soluble CD40 ligand (sCD40L) and other factors implicated in coagulation (plasminogen activator inhibitor 1, antithrombin III, and fibrinogen) and inflammation (C-reactive protein) in patients with morbid obesity and different body mass indexes (BMIs) (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared), before and after weight loss induced by bariatric surgery. Plasma samples were obtained before and after a bariatric surgery intervention. Several inflammatory markers were then studied (sCD40L, plasminogen activator inhibitor 1, antithrombin III, and C-reactive protein). The values obtained were compared with a control group of nonobese persons. Thirty-four morbidly obese patients undergoing gastric bypass surgery and 22 normal-weight controls matched for age and sex. A Roux-en-Y gastric bypass was performed in morbidly obese patients. Levels of sCD40L, plasminogen activator inhibitor 1, antithrombin III, fibrinogen, and C-reactive protein 12 months after bariatric surgery. Obese men showed a tendency for decreased plasma sCD40L levels 1 year after surgery (mean [SEM], 246.5 [70.4] pg/mL before vs 82.2 [23.2] pg/mL after surgery; P < .05), whereas there were not any significant changes in obese women (285.9 [67.5] pg/mL before vs 287.0 [56.9] pg/mL after surgery). Levels of the other markers studied decreased significantly with weight loss in both sexes. However, all other studied markers tend to have higher concentrations in patients with higher BMIs, except for sCD40L, which tended to have lower concentrations in patients with BMIs higher than 55. The decreases with weight loss were lower with higher BMIs for all measurements, except for antithrombin III. Increased BMI, but not sex, influences recovery to normal levels for the markers studied, possibly indicating a worse prognosis.

Evolution of nutritional, hematologic and biochemical changes in obese women during 8 weeks after Roux-en-Y gastric bypasss.

Obesity is a chronic disease of multifactorial origin and currently is a serious public health problem. The treatment of morbid obesity can be effectively done by bariatric surgery. The present study aimed to evaluate the influence of changes in food intake on body composition and some hematologic and biochemical variables in the period of eight weeks after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB). The study included 22 women submitted to RYGB. We evaluated anthropometric, nutritional, hematologic and biochemical variables before and 14, 28, 42 and 56 days after surgery. The patients showed a decrease in caloric intake and hence macro- and micronutrients, with significant loss of weight and decrease in body mass index (BMI). Decreases in body weight and BMI were associated with reduced blood levels of total cholesterol, VLDL-C, LDL-C, triglycerides and glucose with time after surgery. The decrease in caloric intake was also associated with decreased intake of protein, iron and calcium, with a decline in hemoglobin, hematocrit and red blood count, and RDW increased after surgery.

Bone Mineral Changes in Spine and Proximal Femur in Individual Obese Women after Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy: A Short-Term Study

BackgroundThe aim of the study was to establish longitudinal bone changes in obese women after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG).MethodsTwenty-nine women at baseline mean age of 40.41 ± 9.26 years and with mean body mass index (BMI) of 43.07 ± 4.99 kg/m2 were included in a 6-month study. Skeletal status at hip [femoral neck (FN) and total hip (TH)] and spine was assessed at baseline, as well as in 3 and 6 months after surgery. Body size was measured at baseline and follow-up (weight, height, BMI, and waist).ResultsBaseline body weight was 117.5 ± 18.4 kg. The mean body weight and BMI decreased by 17.9 % during the first 3 months after surgery to obtain 28.4 % after 6 months. At 6 months, BMD decreased significantly for spine by 1.24 %, FN 6.99 %, and TH 5.18 %. The changes after 3 months in individual subjects showed that, in the majority of subjects, FN and TH BMD decreased significantly (in 52 % and 69 % of subjects, respectively), and in 24 % loss of BMD was found at the spine. After 6 months, the corresponding, significant decreases in individual subjects were found in 72 %, 86 %, and 38 % of woman, respectively. Those with a significant loss of FN BMD tended to lose more weight (30 ± 9.47 versus 23.25 ± 6.08 kg, p = 0.061) than others; women with a significant decrease of FN BMD lost more weight than those with no such decrease (30.43 ± 8.07 versus 15 ± 1.91 kg).ConclusionLSG proved efficient for body weight reduction, however, with a parallel decline in bone mineral density.

Longitudinal evaluation of cancer-associated biomarkers before and after weight loss in RENEW study participants: Implications for cancer risk reduction

IntroductionObesity is a major risk factor for the development of endometrial cancer (EC). An improved understanding of biologic mechanisms associated with weight loss, including alteration in inflammation, hormonal balance, and cancer antigens expression may lead to the development of effective cancer prevention strategies. The goal of this study was to explore longitudinal biomarker changes in obese women who underwent weight loss intervention, testing the hypothesis biomarker levels can be altered through intentional weight loss. MethodsSerum samples from 89 participants with Class II and Class III obesity and 43 non morbidly obese comparisons were obtained in Re-Energize with Nutrition, Exercise and Weight Loss (RENEW) study as previously reported. Twenty-one bead-based xMAP immunoassays were utilized, including cancer-associated antigens, cytokines, chemokines, and hormones. One-way repeated measures ANOVA was used to examine the association between changes in biomarker expression levels over time (baseline, 6months and 12months). Linear mixed effects models were used to examine longitudinal relationships between biomarker expression levels. ResultsMean levels of VEGF, soluble E-selectin, GH, adiponectin, IL-6, IL-7, CA-125, and IGFBP-1 significantly differed between time periods. In adjusted mixed linear models, decreasing BMI was significantly associated with lower levels of soluble E-selectin and IL-6 and increases in GH, adiponectin, and IGFBP-1. ConclusionsThis is one of the first efforts to explore changes in cancer-associated biomarkers in a cohort of weight loss research participants at high risk for EC development. Our findings demonstrate that changes in the expression of markers can be achieved with weight loss intervention.

Abstract A16: Longitudinal evaluation of cancer-associated biomarkers before and after weight loss: Implications for cancer risk reduction

Abstract Introduction: Obesity is a major risk factor for the development of endometrial cancer (EC). An improved understanding of biologic mechanisms associated with weight loss may guide preventive strategies for EC development. The goal of this study was to explore longitudinal biomarker changes in obese women who lost weight by participating in the Re-Energize with Nutrition, Exercise and Weight Loss (RENEW) study. We hypothesized that intentional weight loss may reduce EC risk through modification of biomarkers related to inflammation, hormonal balance, and cancer antigens. Methods: Serum samples from 89 participants with Class II and Class III obesity (mean body mass index (BMI) = 43.84 ± 5.4 kg/m2, total body fat = 58.5 ± 10.4%) were obtained in the RENEW study. Samples were also obtained from a comparison group of 43 controls representing lean, overweight, and class I obese subjects, measured once at baseline. Twenty-one bead-based xMAP immunoassays were utilized in this study: cancer-associated antigens 125 and 15-3, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), interleukins (IL) 2, 6, 7, 8, 10, IL-receptor 1alpha, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-a), insulin-like growth factor binding proteins (IGFBP) 1 and 2, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), eotaxin, soluble E-selectin, thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), prolactin, growth hormone (GH), resistin, adiponectin, and insulin like growth factor 1 (IGF-1). Biomarker expression was analyzed at the Luminex Core Facility at the University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute. Linear regression was used to evaluate the association between baseline BMI and biomarker expression adjusted for age, race, and smoking status. A one-way repeated measures analysis of variance was used to examine the association between changes in biomarker expression levels over time (baseline, 6 months and 12 months). Linear mixed effects models were used to examine longitudinal relationships between biomarker expression levels, BMI, steps, and time period adjusting for age, race, and smoking status. Results: Participants in the RENEW study lost an average of 12.8 kg from baseline to the 12 month assessment, with the largest change occurring in the first 6 months of the intervention. Mean levels of VEGF, soluble E-selectin, GH, adiponectin, IL-6, IL-7, CA-125, and IGFBP-1 significantly differed between time periods. In adjusted mixed linear models, decreasing BMI was significantly associated with decreased in soluble E-selectin and IL-6 and increases in GH, adiponectin, and IGFBP-1. Conclusions: This is one of the first efforts to explore changes in cancer-associated biomarkers in a cohort of weight loss research participants at high risk for EC development. This work adds to the current literature in several fields including endometrial cancer biomarkers, physical activity, and weight loss, and has significant potential implications for EC prevention. Citation Information: Cancer Prev Res 2011;4(10 Suppl):A16.

Validity of Leg-to-Leg Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis to Estimate Body Fat in Obesity

Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is a safe and easy method of assessing body composition. Its accuracy to predict fat mass (FM) in obesity and the change in FM following weight loss is questioned. Our objective was to compare leg-to-leg BIA to dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in the assessment of FM in a large population, the changes in FM after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and to estimate between-method differences (bias) and limits of agreement. BIA (Tanita BC-420MA) and DXA (Hologic Discovery W) were used in 5,740 consecutive patients (mean BMI, 37.7 ± 8.2 kg/m(2)) examined in a clinical nutrition department and in 72 women undergoing RYGB (BMI, 47.2 ± 7.2 kg/m(2)). Analyses included correlations between methods and Bland Altman analysis. In the entire population, BIA significantly overestimated FM in comparison with DXA (1.1 ± 6.1 kg, 0.8 ± 5.6%). FM estimates by each method were significantly correlated in absolute value (kg; r(2) = 0.9 in the whole population), and in percentage (r(2) = 0.6). However, wide limits of agreement were observed. In surgery patients, BIA significantly overestimated FM both before and 12 months after bypass. BIA significantly overestimated changes in FM after RYGB at 3 months (2.9 ± 5.0 kg) and at 12 months (1.9 ± 3.9 kg) but not at 6 months (0.9 ± 5.0 kg; p = 0.08). Estimates of changes in FM by each method were significantly correlated (r (2) = 0.4, 0.6, and 0.9, respectively). According to the wide limits of agreement, BIA seems more interesting for epidemiological rather than individual use to evaluate body FM and FM changes in obese women undergoing RYGB.

Weight-loss diet alone or combined with resistance training induces different regional visceral fat changes in obese women

Quantification of abdominal fat and its regional distribution has become increasingly important in assessing the cardiovascular risk. To examine the effects of 16 weeks of a hypocaloric diet with a caloric restriction of 500 Kcal per day (WL) or the same dietary intervention plus resistance training (WL+RT) on regional variation of abdominal visceral (visceral adipose tissue (VAT)) and subcutaneous (subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT)) fat loss. Second, to identify the single-image that best represents total magnetic resonance imaging measurements of total VAT and SAT volume before and after WL or WL+RT intervention. A total of 34 obese (body mass index: 30-40 kg m(-2)) women, aged 40-60 years, were randomized to three groups: a control group (C; n = 9), a diet group (WL; n = 12) and a diet plus resistance training group (WL+RT; n = 13) with the same caloric restriction as group WL and a 16-week supervised whole-body RT of two sessions per week. WL+RT programs lead to significant changes in the location of highest mean VAT area from L3-L4 to L2-L3 discal level from pre- to post- intervention, whereas after WL the greatest relative VAT losses were located at L5-S1. Similar decreases in the SAT areas at all discal levels were observed after WL and WL+RT. Different weight loss regimes may lead to different distribution of VAT. Sites located significantly above (cranial to) L4-L5 (that is, ∼ 5-6 cm above L4-L5 or at L2-L3 discal level) provided superior prediction of total abdominal VAT volume, whereas more caudal slices provide better prediction of subcutaneous fat, not only before but also after either WL or WL+RT.

Accuracy of Multifrequency Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis and Bioimpedance Spectroscopy for Monitoring Fluid Distribution Changes in Women after Gastric Bypass Surgery

To be able to describe multifrequency bioelectrical impedance analysis and bioimpedance spectroscopy in terms of their clinical applicability and validity for measuring fluid status changes in obese women after gastric bypass surgery

Composição corporal e somatótipo de mulheres com sobrepeso e obesas pré e pós-treinamento em circuito ou caminhada

PROPÓSITOS: Comparar diferentes métodos de avaliação da composição corporal em mulheres com sobrepeso e obesas sedentárias submetidas a dois meses de treinamento em circuito (CIRC), ou caminhada (CAM) e associar o desempenho físico à 'muscularidade', calculada por esses métodos. MÉTODOS: Grupos: CIRC, n = 14, índice de massa corporal (IMC, kg/m²) = 32 ± 8 (média ± DP); idade = 34 ± 10 (anos); e CAM, n = 12, IMC = 30 ± 3; idade = 38 ± 11. Treinamento: 60min x 3d/semana no primeiro mês e 60min x 4d/semana no segundo. Avaliação da composição corporal: antropometria(1,2), bioimpedância(3) e somatotipia(4). Testes de uma repetição máxima (1-RM) para supino reto, leg press e remada baixa sentada. RESULTADOS: A massa, o IMC, a percentagem da gordura corporal pela antropometria e bioimpedância e a endomorfia foram reduzidas significativamente nos dois grupos. A mesomorfia diminuiu e a ectomorfia aumentou no CAM. As massas magra da bioimpedância e muscular não mudaram em ambos os grupos. A circunferência muscular do braço (CMB) aumentou significativamente no CIRC. O resultado da percentagem de gordura da bioimpedância e o da antropometria foram iguais e significativamente correlacionados. A endomorfia foi significativamente correlacionada com o percentual de gordura da antropometria e a mesomorfia com a da massa magra da antropometria. A ectomorfia não se correlacionou com a massa magra da antropometria. CONCLUSÃO: A somatotipia teve bom resultado para avaliar as modificações fenotípicas dessas mulheres. Todavia, a endomorfia apresentou melhor concordância e a ectomorfia, a pior, comparada com outros métodos. Os resultados do somatótipo sugerem que o CIRC obteve melhor resultado. A bioimpedância e a antropometria produzem resultados similares para avaliar a composição corporal.

Relationships between tamoxifen use, liver fat and body fat distribution in women with breast cancer

Tamoxifen is a nonsteroidal anti-estrogenic drug used for adjuvant treatment of breast cancer and recently as a chemopreventative agent for breast cancer and, on an investigational basis, for other cancers. To date there are case reports of hypertriglyceridemia and fatty liver disease in tamoxifen users. Fatty liver is associated with visceral obesity and other components of the metabolic syndrome. Here we evaluated steatosis and adipose tissue distribution by CT scan in a cross-sectional study of 32 women on tamoxifen and 39 control women. Tamoxifen users had more visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and more liver fat than controls. This is the first study to demonstrate that fatty liver and intra-abdominal fat accumulation are common in breast cancer patients receiving tamoxifen. Prospective studies of tamoxifen should monitor metabolic changes in obese women with or without breast cancer.