Changes In Muscular Endurance Research Articles

Effects of 8 weeks of resistance training in combination with a high protein diet on body composition, muscular performance, and markers of liver and kidney function in untrained older ex-military men.

The effects of a high protein diet in combination with chronic resistance training (RT) on skeletal muscle adaptation responses in untrained older ex-military men is unknown. Therefore, we compared the effects of 8 weeks of RT in combination with either a high (1.6 g/kg/d) or low protein diet (0.8 g/kg/d) on body composition [skeletal muscle mass (SMM) and body fat percentage (BFP)], muscular strength, power, and endurance (upper and lower body), markers of liver [alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT)] and kidney (creatinine and urea) function, and lipid profile low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and cholesterol levels in a cohort of healthy, untrained older ex-military males. Forty healthy untrained older ex-military males (age: 61 ± 2 yr, body mass index: 23.2 ± 1.3 kg.m-2) performed 8 weeks (three sessions·w-1) of RT with either 1.6 g/kg/d (RHP; n = 20) or 0.8 g/kg/d of protein (RLP; n = 20). Body composition (assessed by Inbody 720), muscular strength (1-RM for chest and leg press), power (Wingate test), endurance (75% 1-RM for chest and leg press), and markers of liver and kidney function (biochemical kits) were assessed pre and post-intervention. SMM and muscular strength (upper and lower body) increased post-intervention in both groups and were significantly greater in RHP compared to RLP, while muscular power increased to the same extent in both groups (p < 0.05) with no between-group differences (p > 0.05). In contrast, there were no post-intervention changes in muscular endurance, HDL, and BFP remained in either group (p > 0.05). ALT and creatinine significantly increased in RHP compared to RLP while GGT, AST, and urea only increased in the RLP group (p < 0.05). LDL and cholesterol significantly decreased in both groups (p < 0.05). A daily intake of 1.6 g/kg/d protein was superior to 0.8 g/kg/d (current recommended daily intake) for promoting greater improvements in SMM and muscle strength and thus may be a more suitable level of intake for promoting such adaptive responses. Notwithstanding observed between-group differences in ALT and creatinine and the fact that levels remained within normal ranges, it is feasible to conclude that this daily protein intake is efficacious and well tolerated by healthy, untrained older ex-military males.

플라이오메트릭 복합운동이 대학 야구선수의 기초체력과 전문체력 및 야구운동기능에 미치는 영향

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of 12 weeks of plyometric compound exercise on the basic physical strength, professional fitness, and baseball motor function of college baseball players. For this purpose, after 12 weeks of plyometric compound exercise for college baseball players (experimental group 11, control group 11), the basic physical strength factors were examined the changes in muscular endurance, muscle power, agility, balance, and muscle strength, and professional fitness was Anaerobic power was examined, and the effect of baseball motor function on pitching speed and batting speed was examined, and the following conclusions were obtained. First, there were significant differences in muscle power and agility in basic physical strength. Second, there was a significant difference in absolute average power and relative average power in professional physical strength. Third, there was a significant difference in hitting ability in baseball exercise function. In conclusion, it was confirmed that the plyometric compound exercise is an exercise program that provides positive changes to the physical strength and baseball function of college baseball players.

Practicing the Test Produces Strength Equivalent to Higher Volume Training.

To determine if muscle growth is important for increasing muscle strength or if changes in strength can be entirely explained from practicing the strength test. Thirty-eight untrained individuals performed knee extension and chest press exercise for 8 wk. Individuals were randomly assigned to either a high-volume training group (HYPER) or a group just performing the one repetition maximum (1RM) strength test (TEST). The HYPER group performed four sets to volitional failure (~8RM-12RM), whereas the TEST group performed up to five attempts to lift as much weight as possible one time each visit. Data are presented as mean (90% confidence interval). The change in muscle size was greater in the HYPER group for both the upper and lower bodies at most but not all sites. The change in 1RM strength for both the upper body (difference of -1.1 [-4.8, 2.4] kg) and lower body (difference of 1.0 [-0.7, 2.8] kg for dominant leg) was not different between groups (similar for nondominant). Changes in isometric and isokinetic torque were not different between groups. The HYPER group observed a greater change in muscular endurance (difference of 2 [1,4] repetitions) only in the dominant leg. There were no differences in the change between groups in upper body endurance. There were between-group differences for exercise volume (mean [95% confidence interval]) of the dominant (difference of 11,049.3 [9254.6-12,844.0] kg) leg (similar for nondominant) and chest press with the HYPER group completing significantly more total volume (difference of 13259.9 [9632.0-16,887.8] kg). These findings suggest that neither exercise volume nor the change in muscle size from training contributed to greater strength gains compared with just practicing the test.

In a single-blind, matched group design: branched-chain amino acid supplementation and resistance training maintains lean body mass during a caloric restricted diet.

BackgroundAthletes and active adults many times have the goal of improving/maintaining fitness while losing weight and this is best achieved by caloric restriction in combination with exercise. However, this poses a risk for lean tissue loss, which can limit performance. Thus, the purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of a branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) supplement, in conjunction with heavy resistance training and a carbohydrate caloric-restricted “cut diet” on body composition and muscle fitness.MethodsSeventeen resistance-trained males (21–28 years of age) were randomized to a BCAA group (n = 9) or a carbohydrate (CHO) group (n = 8) who both received their respective supplement during the 8 weeks of a prescribed body building style resistance training protocol. Subjects were prescribed a hypocaloric diet (based upon pre-intervention analysis) that was to be followed during the study.ResultsThe BCAA group lost fat mass (−0.05 ± 0.08 kg;p < .05) and maintained lean mass, while the CHO group lost lean mass (−0.90 ± 0.06 kg; p < .05) and body mass (−2.3 ± 0.7 kg; p < .05). Both groups increased 1RM squat, but the increase in the BCAA group (15.1 ± 2.2 kg; p < .05)was greater (P < 0.05) than the CHO group. The BCAA group increased 1RM bench press (7.1 ± 1.6 kg; P < 0.05), while the CHO group decreased strength (−3.7 ± 2.3 kg; P < 0.05). The only change in muscular endurance was an increase in repetitions to fatigue (5.3 ± 0.2; p < .05) in the CHO group.ConclusionThese results show that BCAA supplementation in trained individuals performing resistance training while on a hypocaloric diet can maintain lean mass and preserve skeletal muscle performance while losing fat mass.

Effects of Yoga in a Behavioral Weight Loss Program on Body Composition and Fitness

Yoga is currently a popular form of exercise; however, little is known as to its impact within the context of a weight loss intervention. PURPOSE: To compare a behavioral weight loss program with a prescription of aerobic exercise only (AR) or yoga plus aerobic exercise (YOGA) on changes in muscular endurance, flexibility, body composition, and cardiorespiratory fitness at 6 and 12 months. METHODS: Thirty-seven women (age=46.8±6.0 years; BMI=30.6±2.9 kg/m2) were randomized to AR (n=19) or YOGA (n=18). Both groups received a reduced calorie diet. AR was prescribed aerobic exercise that progressed to 40 min/day, 5 days/wk. YOGA was prescribed the same dose of aerobic exercise plus yoga for 3 days/wk. Participants attended weekly intervention meetings for 6 months and then received monthly telephone contact for 6 months. Muscular endurance (1 minute sit-up test), flexibility (sit and reach test), body composition (bioelectrical impedance), weight, and cardiorespiratory fitness (graded exercise test) were measured at baseline, 6, and 12 months. RESULTS: Chi-square analysis of retention rates revealed 94.7% YOGA vs. 72.2% AR (p=.063) at month 6 and 94.7% YOGA vs. 61.1% AR (p=.013) at month 12. Analyses were conducted with baseline values carried forward for missing data and results are presented below.Table: No title available.CONCLUSIONS: YOGA vs. AR resulted in a significant improvement in weight loss, percent body fat, and fitness at 6 and 12 months. There was an improvement in muscular endurance and flexibility for both groups at 6 and 12 months; however, this difference was not significant between the groups at either time point. Retention was significantly better for YOGA vs. AR. Thus, the addition of yoga to a behavioral weight loss program appears to be a promising option that warrants further investigation.

Improving muscular endurance with the MVe Fitness Chair in breast cancer survivors: A feasibility and efficacy study

The American College of Sports Medicine Roundtable on Exercise Guidelines for Cancer Survivors highlighted a need to expand our exercise programming knowledge, specifically citing Pilates as a possibly safe and effective mode for use in breast cancer survivors. The purpose of this study was to assess the feasibility and efficacy of using the MVe Fitness Chair to program and deliver Pilates exercises to breast cancer survivors. The study compared the MVe Fitness Chair (MFC) to traditional weight lifting (TWL). Twenty-six female breast cancer survivors were randomized the MFC (n = 8), TWL (n = 8), or a control group (CO) (n = 10). The MFC and TWL groups completed 8 weeks of training, while the CO was asked to not exercise between pre and post test. All possible attempts were made to match the MFC and TWL training protocols, specifically through sequence of exercise, volume of training, and intensity of training as measured through rating of perceived exertion. Muscular endurance was assessed pre-test and post-test for comparisons within and between groups. Statistically significant improvements in muscular endurance were observed in the MFC (p < 0.00) and TWL groups (p < 0.00) from pretest to posttest, while the CO had virtually no change (p < 0.96), making the MFC and TWL significantly different from the CO (p < 0.00 and p < 0.00 respectively). The between the MFC and TWL groups was not statistically significant (p < 0.71) indicating that Pilates and weight training may be equally effective at improving muscular endurance. Both interventions also provided clinically significant gains (a previous study identified greater than 48% improvement as clinically significant) in muscular endurance, with the MFC improving 57% and the TWL improving 71%. One explanation for the difference is that the protocol used to assess muscular endurance and the exercises used for the TWL intervention were similar, thus the specificity of training may have allowed for better assessment performance in the TWL group when compared with the MFC group. The results suggest that for an 8 week training program, the MFC appears to promote similar changes in muscular endurance when compared to TWL and could be promoted as a valuable alternative to traditional weight lifting. The findings also expand the possible modes of exercise for cancer survivors, enabling exercise programming to be designed around patient preference.

No Change In Muscular Endurance, Flexibility, Anaerobic Power, And Recovery After Ingesting Oxygen Enhanced Water

No Change In Muscular Endurance, Flexibility, Anaerobic Power, And Recovery After Ingesting Oxygen Enhanced Water

Temporal Changes in the Physical Fitness of US Army Recruits

This article defines physical fitness and then reviews the literature on temporal trends in the physical fitness of new US Army recruits. Nineteen papers were found that met the review criteria and had published recruit fitness data from 1975 to 2003. The limited data on recruit muscle strength suggested an increase from 1978 to 1998 (20-year period). Data on push-ups and sit-ups suggested no change in muscular endurance between 1984 and 2003 (19-year period). Limited data suggested that maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) [mL/kg/min] of male recruits did not change from 1975 to 1998 (23-year period), while there was some indication of a small increase in female recruit VO2max in the same period. On the other hand, slower times on 1-mile (1.6km) and 2-mile (3.2km) runs indicate declines in aerobic performance from 1987 to 2003 (16-year period). The apparent discrepancy between the VO2max and endurance running data may indicate that recruits are not as proficient at applying their aerobic capability to performance tasks, such as timed runs, possibly because of factors such as increased bodyweight, reduced experience with running, lower motivation and/or environmental factors. Recruit height, weight and body mass index have progressively increased between 1978 and 2003 (25-year period). Both the body fat and fat-free mass of male recruits increased from 1978 to 1998 (20-year period); however, body composition data on female recruits did not show a consistent trend. In this same time period, the literature contained little data on youth physical activity but there was some suggestion that caloric consumption increased. This article indicates that temporal trends in recruit fitness differ depending on the fitness component measured. The very limited comparable data on civilian populations showed trends similar to the recruit data.

Age-related alterations in muscular endurance.

Aging often results in a decline of most physiological systems of the body. However, the maintenance of some appropriate level of neuromuscular function into old age is critical if we expect the elderly to be able to maintain normal daily activity and functional independence. It is well established that muscular strength declines in old age, but an equally important parameter of neuromuscular function muscular endurance, has received only minimal attention in the literature. Important information regarding age-associated changes in muscular endurance can be obtained from both animal and human research models, each having their own set of limitations and advantages. One problem in trying to interpret past research dealing in this area is the fact that muscular endurance can be expressed in a variety of ways and can be measured by a variety of techniques. It seems that conflicting reports arise from substantial differences in research design, statistical analyses or the ability to control extraneous influences such as physical activity levels and dietary intakes. This review will examine both human and animal literature in an attempt to elucidate methodological concerns in the assessment of muscular endurance and the controversial evidence regarding changes in muscle morphology and muscle metabolism that may be responsible for age-related changes in muscular endurance. Issues that address the possible selective loss of fibre type and the declines in both total fibre number as well as fibre size will be presented, since muscle quantity and quality have obvious links to endurance capacity. In conjunction with the alterations reported in skeletal muscle tissue, muscle blood flow and the relationship between fibre and capillary numbers and their possible influences on substrate availability will also be discussed in relation to muscle endurance capabilities. Finally, the adaptive ability of aged skeletal muscle to improve muscular endurance by different training regimens and through different physiological mechanisms will be investigated.

AGING AND MUSCULAR ENDURANCE: A 12 YEAR LONGITUDINAL STUDY OF MIDDLE-AGED AND ELDERLY WOMEN 1440

Changes in upper and lower body muscular endurance (ME) was evaluated 12 yrs after participating in a 12-wk resistance training program. Twenty-nine women who completed the original training program (n = 68) volunteered to complete all the original ME tests. ME was assessed on 8 different Nautilus weight machines utilizing a maximum repetition test at the preset resistance determined in the original study. Changes in ME among the original pretests and posttests were compared to the current tests using a one-way ANOVA with repeated measures. When appropriate, a Tukey's post hoc test was completed using the.05 level of confidence. All current ME values were significantly (p<.001) greater than the original pretest values but significantly (p<.01) lower than original posttest for 5 of the 8 exercises. In addition, a two-way ANOVA with repeated measures was used to compare all variables for subgroups based on age and activity levels. Although there was no significant(p>.05) interaction according to age or continued resistance training, the group who had been not participated in any resistance exercise since the original study tended to have greater declines in ME than the group who had been involved in resistance exercise within the last 5 years. It would appear that participation in a resistance training program can result in longterm retention of ME even after the training stimulus had been removed.