To solve the problem of water injection in low–porosity and low–permeability coal seams, a new idea of liquid CO2 cyclic cold soaking to improve the water absorption and wetting efficiency of coal is proposed. The evolution of the pore structure and mechanical properties of coal were studied using low–field nuclear magnetic resonance and uniaxial compression tests. The wettability and water absorption of coal before and after the experiment were determined using contact angle and water absorption tests. The results show that as the number of cycles increases, the effective porosity of coal increases significantly, the mechanical strength is weakened, and the compressive strength and elastic modulus decrease. The wettability and water absorption of coal samples were significantly improved by liquid CO2 treatment, and the changes in porosity, mechanical strength, and water absorption wettability of coal samples in the saturated group were more obvious compared to dry coal. This paper lays a theoretical and experimental foundation for the development of a new technology for coal seam water injection dust prevention.