Changes In Knee Joint Research Articles

Osteoarthritis-like changes and decreased mechanical function of articular cartilage in the joints of mice with the chondrodysplasia gene (cho).

To investigate whether heterozygosity for a loss-of-function mutation in the gene encoding the alpha1 chain of type XI collagen (Col11a1) in mice (chondrodysplasia, cho) causes osteoarthritis (OA), and to understand the biochemical and biomechanical effects of this mutation on articular cartilage in knee and temporomandibular (TM) joints. Articular cartilage from the knee and TM joints of mice heterozygous for cho (cho/+) and their wild-type littermates (+/+) was examined. The morphologic properties of cartilage were evaluated, and collagen fibrils were examined by transmission electron microscopy. Immunohistochemical staining was performed to examine the protein expression levels of matrix metalloproteinase 3 (MMP-3) and MMP-13 in knee joints. In 6-month-old animals, fixed-charge density was determined using a semiquantitative histochemical method, and tensile stiffness was determined using an osmotic loading technique. The diameter of collagen fibrils in articular cartilage of knee joints from heterozygous cho/+ mice was increased relative to that in control cartilage, and histologic analysis showed OA-like degenerative changes in knee and TM joints, starting at age 3 months. The changes became more severe with aging. At 3 months, protein expression for MMP-3 was increased in knee joints from cho/+ mice. At 6 months, protein expression for MMP-13 was higher in knee joints from cho/+ mice than in joints from their wild-type littermates, and negative fixed-charge density was significantly decreased. Moreover, tensile stiffness in articular cartilage of knee joints from cho/+ mice was moderately reduced and was inversely correlated with the increase in articular cartilage degeneration. Heterozygosity for a loss-of-function mutation in Col11a1 results in the development of OA in the knee and TM joints of cho/+ mice. Morphologic and biochemical evidence of OA appears to precede significant mechanical changes, suggesting that the cho mutation leads to OA through a mechanism that does not initially involve mechanical factors.

레슬링 선수들의 단기간 체중감량이 슬관절의 등속성 운동능력에 미치는 영향

본 연구는 고교 레슬링선수들의 단기간 체중감량에 따른 등속성 운동능력 중 다리의 peak torque, peak torque %BW, total work, total work %BW, endurance ratio에 대한 변화를 알아보기 위하여 자기 체중에서 체중감량이 없는 집단 7명, 5%이상 감량집단 7명을 대상으로 체중감량 전ㆍ후를 측정하여 얻은 결론은 다음과 같다. 1. Peak Torque의 변화. 굴근의 경우 5%이상 감량 집단의 <TEX>$60^{\circ}C$</TEX>sec, <TEX>$90^{\circ}C$</TEX>/sec에서 유의하게 감소하였다. 그리고 신근의 경우 5%이상 감량 집단의 <TEX>$60^{\circ}C$</TEX>/sec, <TEX>$90^{\circ}C$</TEX>/sec, <TEX>$250^{\circ}C$</TEX>/sec에서 모두 유의하게 감소하였다. 2. Peak Torque %BW의 변화. 굴근의 경우 5%이상 감량 집단의 60<TEX>$^{\circ}$</TEX>/sec, 90<TEX>$^{\circ}$</TEX>/sec, <TEX>$150^{\circ}C$</TEX>/sec에서 모두 유의하게 감소하였다. 그리고 신근의 경우 5%이상 감량 집단의 <TEX>$90^{\circ}C$</TEX>/sec와 <TEX>$250^{\circ}C$</TEX>/sec에서 유의하게 감소하였다. 3. Total Work의 변화. 굴근의 경우 5%이상 감량 집단의 <TEX>$60^{\circ}C$</TEX>/sec,<TEX>$90^{\circ}C$</TEX>/sec에서 유의하게 감소하였다. 그리고 신근의 경우 5%이상 감량집단의 <TEX>$50^{\circ}C$</TEX>/sec, <TEX>$90^{\circ}C$</TEX>/sec. <TEX>$250^{\circ}C$</TEX>/sec에서 모두 유의하게 감소하였다. 4. Total work %BW의 변화. 굴근의 경우 5%이상 감량 집단의 <TEX>$60^{\circ}C$</TEX>/sec, <TEX>$90^{\circ}C$</TEX>/sec, <TEX>$250^{\circ}C$</TEX>/sec에서 유의하게 감소하였다. 그리고 신근의 경우 5%이상 감량 집단의 <TEX>$50^{\circ}C$</TEX>/sec, <TEX>$90^{\circ}C$</TEX>/sec, <TEX>$250^{\circ}C$</TEX>/sec에서 모두 유의하게 감소하였다. 5. Endurance Ratio의 변화. 굴근과 신근의 경우 두 집단 모두 유의한 차이가 없었다. 단기간의 무리한 체중감량은 근력, 근지구력의 저하로 경기력을 저하시킬 뿐만 아니라 건강을 해칠 우려가 있기 때문에 단기간의 무리한 감량이 되지 않도록 과학적이고 체계적인 체중관리가 이루어져야 할 것으로 사료된다. The purpose of this study is to investigate isokinetic strength changes of knee joint in accordance with short-term weight loss of wrestlers. For this purpose, 14 male wrestlers of a K technical high school in B city participated in our research. The wrestlers were divided into two groups; one group of the wrestlers didn't lose any weight, and the other lost over 5% of their weights. The isokinetic strength was also observed before and after weight loss. The isokinetic strenght test were processed at test speed of the<TEX>$60^{\circ}C$</TEX>/sec, <TEX>$90^{\circ}C$</TEX>/sec, and <TEX>$250^{\circ}C$</TEX>/sec with the CYBEX NORM system(Cybex 770＋TMS, USA). Peak torque, peak torque %BW, total work, total work %BW, and endurance ratio were measured. Results showed that the isokinetic strength after the short-term weight loss of wrestlers decreased meaningfully Although endurance ratio didn't show any meaningful difference in our research, but more accurate research may find out the relationship between short-term weight loss and the endurance ratio of isokinetic strength.

A rig for acquisition of standardized trabecular bone radiographs.

To assess osteoarthritic changes in knee joints a radiography rig for acquisition of standardized radiographs of trabecular bone has been developed. The rig contains a steel frame on castors, a turntable, a cassette holder frame, calibration Plexiglas sheets, body supports and points. It is used to lock the patient in a standardized position. A film cassette holder frame was also developed to reduce scattering of X-rays, and consequently the amount of noise in the radiographs. Calibration Plexiglas sheets were mounted on ball bearing slides to obtain radiographs without a calibration pattern (suitable for the analysis of trabecular bone texture) and radiographs containing a calibration pattern (suitable for the measurement of leg alignment).

A rig for acquisition of standardized trabecular bone radiographs

To assess osteoarthritic changes in knee joints a radiography rig for acquisition of standardized radiographs of trabecular bone has been developed. The rig contains a steel frame on castors, a turntable, a cassette holder frame, calibration Plexiglas sheets, body supports and points. It is used to lock the patient in a standardized position. A film cassette holder frame was also developed to reduce scattering of X-rays, and consequently the amount of noise in the radiographs. Calibration Plexiglas sheets were mounted on ball bearing slides to obtain radiographs without a calibration pattern (suitable for the analysis of trabecular bone texture) and radiographs containing a calibration pattern (suitable for the measurement of leg alignment).

Osteoarthritis-like changes in the murine knee joint resulting from intra-articular transforming growth factor-β injections

Objective To examine the impact of prolonged TGF-β exposure on cartilage and ligamentous joint structures in vivo, to investigate involvement of TGF-β in osteoarthritis pathology.Methods TGF-β was injected into murine knee joints once or repeatedly, whereafter articular cartilage proteoglycan (PG) synthesis and content, and histological changes in knee joints were studied over a 2-month period.Results A single injection of TGF-β stimulated patellar cartilage PG synthesis for 3 weeks and PG content for 2 weeks. Triple TGF-β injections prolonged the increase in PG content to 3 weeks. Patellar cartilage showed no histological abnormalities at 1 and 2 months after the last injection. In contrast, 2 months after triple TGF-β injections the superficial layer of tibial cartilage still had an increased proteoglycan content, while severe PG depletion was found in deeper layers of the posterior part of the lateral tibia in particular. Eventually, lesions occurred at the level of the tide-mark, exactly the site where cartilage is torn off in experimental and spontaneous osteoarthritis in mice. Additionally, multiple TGF-β injections induced formation of chondroid structures along the margins of articular cartilage. These chondroid structures were transformed into osteophytes via endochondral ossification. Formation of chondroid tissue was also observed in collateral ligaments.Conclusion Multiple intra-articular injections of TGF-β induce changes in articular cartilage and surrounding tissues that have strong resemblance to features of experimental and spontaneous osteoarthritis in mice, suggesting a role for TGF-β in the OA process.

Indicators of Stress in Prehistoric Jomon Skeletal Remains in Japan.

Seven indicators of stress (cribra orbitalia, osteoarthritis of apophyseal joints in the cervical vertebrae, spondylosis deformans in the lumbar vertebrae, spondylolysis in the fourth or fifth lumbar vertebrae, osteoarthritis of elbow and knee joints, and inflammatory changes of bone) were examined in human skeletal remains from eight prehistoric Jomon sites in Japan. Among these indicators, spondylosis deformans in the lumbar vertebrae showed the highest frequency of occurrence, and rose with increase of age. On the other hand, osteoarthritis of apophyseal joints in the cervical vertebrae showed the lowest frequency of occurrence, which means that the Jomon people might have a lifestyle or behavior which overloaded the lumbar more than in the cervical vertebrae. There were no significant differences of frequency of occurrence of each indicator among the major Jomon sites examined in this study. However, two skeletal series from the shell mounds in the Atsumi Peninsula in Aichi Prefecture showed relatively higher frequencies of occurrence of osteoarthritic changes in both elbow and knee joints.

Effects of anti-arthritic drugs on IL-1 induced inflammation in rats

Intra-articular injection of IL-1 in rats results in profound changes in the synovial joints including edema, synovitis, cartilage degeneration and fibroblast proliferation. We have tested the efficacy of several anti-arthritic drugs in this model to characterize the mechanism of IL-1 induced inflammatory lesions. The response to IL-1 was evaluated by measurement of soft-tissue swelling and by histological scoring. Dexamethasone, and several NSAIDS were effective in reducing the soft tissue swelling but only some were effective in improving the histological lesions. The slow-acting antirheumatic D-penicillamine and immunosuppressive agents such as cyclosporine A were ineffective. These observations provide further evidence that in vivo, at least some aspects of IL-1 induced changes in rat knee joints are likely to be prostaglandin mediated.

A X-ray and Clinical Study Upon Knee Joint Changes Following Surgical Removal of Discoid Meniscus

A X-ray and Clinical Study Upon Knee Joint Changes Following Surgical Removal of Discoid Meniscus

Arthritis induced by interleukin-1 is dependent on the site and frequency of intraarticular injection

Intraarticular injection of recombinant human interleukin-1 (IL-1) in rats resulted in varying degrees of inflammatory changes depending on the site and frequency of injections. (i) Much lower amounts of IL-1 were required to elicit an inflammatory response in the ankle joints (15–3000 ng) than the knee joints (90–150 μg). (ii) The inflammatory response was much greater if IL-1 was administered in multiple doses as compared to a single dose injection. One day after a single injection of IL-1 (90–150 μg), knee joints exhibited a mild increase in volume as a consequence of edema, but at the end of 1 week, no discernible change in volume was observed. However, when the same total amount of IL-1 was injected in three doses, there was a dramatic increase in joint volume at the end of 1 week that persisted for at least 3 weeks. The increase was dose dependent. (iii) The inflammatory response was dependent on the age/weight of the rats: the older the animals the greater the response. (iv) Under conditions where IL-1 induced inflammatory changes in knee joints, recombinant tumor necrosis factor failed to induce any significant response. (v) Histological examination of the knee joints revealed distinct differences in the pathological response to the two different protocols of IL-1 administration in the knee joints. The animals injected with a single dose of IL-1 showed a mild and transient inflammation that was resolved by 2 weeks postinjection, but exhibited degenerative changes associated with focal loss of chondrocytes and proteoglycan of the knee joint cartilage, which became progressively severe. The knee joints of animals given three injections of IL-1 showed evidence of marked acute synovitis, fibroplasia, loss of proteoglycan and chondrocytes, resorption of subchondral bone, and transition of hematopoeitic marrow cells into cells of mesenchymal morphology. (vi) Examination of proteoglycan synthesis by cartilage of IL-1-injected rats revealed that within 1 day after injection, a dramatic reduction in synthesis occurred which persisted for at least 2 weeks. These studies suggest that intraarticular injection of IL-1 provides auseful rodent model for the investigation of pathological changes occurring within a localized joint as a result of acute and chronic inflammatory stimuli. Relevant aspects of the pathology of joint erosion can be demonstrated depending on the frequency of IL-1 injection.

Long-term results of the treatment of children with factor VIII inhibitors with prothrombin-complex concentrates.

Twelve boys with haemophilia and factor VIII inhibitors have received initial treatment for each episode of bleeding with prothrombin-complex concentrate. The follow-up period for these boys has ranged from two months to 14 years, and a total of 732 bleeding episodes were reviewed. Each boy underwent a full clinical and radiological assessment of knee-joint function, and this was compared with knee-joint function in 29 patients with severe haemophilia but without factor VIII antibodies. A change of treatment from prothrombin-complex concentrate to some other form of therapy was considered to be required in only 4% of the bleeding episodes. Of 10 severe bleeding episodes, five episodes clearly were controlled with prothrombin-complex concentrate, but five episodes necessitated alternative treatment. Four of the 12 families considered prothrombin-complex concentrate as relatively ineffective. All boys who were older than 10 years of age showed grade-1 or grade-2 impairment of knee-joint mobility, as well as radiological evidence of moderate-to-severe knee-joint changes. In the group of haemophiliac patients who were older than 10 years of age and did not have factor VIII antibodies, only 10 of the 58 knee-joints that were examined showed grade-1 or grade-2 functional impairment. Although prothrombin-complex concentrates were effective in the control of the majority of minor bleeding episodes, they were effective in only 50% of severe episodes of bleeding and did not prevent the early development of haemophilic arthropathy.

Papain-induced changes in the guinea pig knee joint with special reference to cartilage healing.

The repair of articular cartilage following papain injection into the knee joint of the guinea pig was studied by light and electron microscopy, as well as by autoradiography using tritiated thymidine. Papain injection rapidly produced complete degradation of cartilage proteoglycan. Although a number of chondrocytes were also destroyed, the remaining chondrocytes showed mitotic cell division with resultant formation of cell clusters. Such chondrocytic regeneration, however, did not contribute significantly to the repair of cartilage tissue. On the other hand, mesenchymal cells proliferated from the transition zone and extended over the surface of the damaged cartilage. At the peripheral portion of the articular surface, they migrated and differentiated into chondrocytes with the formation of abundant intercellular matrix to produce hyaline cartilage. From these findings, it was apparent that mesenchymal cells in the transition zone were actively engaged in the repair of articular cartilage.

Clinical Significance of Knee Joint Changes After Meniscectomy

The incidence of Fairbank's radiologic knee joint changes after unilateral meniscectomy was investigated in 180 patients. All patients who had a fracture, cartilage disorders, and/or ligamentous instability at the time of operation or suffered from identical lesions during the follow-up period were excluded. The degree of Fairbank's changes, squaring and sclerosis of the tibial and femoral chondylar articular surfaces, was compared with the postoperative results. The assessment of the results was based on the patient's history. An unsatisfactory postoperative result appeared to coincide more often with Fairbank's changes, but no relation could be demonstrated between the degree of Fairbank's changes and the postoperative result. Fairbank's changes were observed in 77 (42.8%) of the patients. No relation could be demonstrated between the length of the follow-up period and the degree of Fairbank's changes.

Analysis of human motion in rehabilitation by micro-computer.

Analysis of human motion is extremely important in order to obtain fundamental data for training in the field of rehabilitation. At Nagoya University we are analysing human motion by use of a micro­ computer to elucidate functional characteristics of the locomotion system. After the introduction of micro-computers. it has become possible to accumulate and integrate more data and process them more quickly and conveniently. Data obtained from the weight balance analyzer. large force plate and three­ dimensional goniometer devised by the authors are subjected to on-line processing through an AI D convertor. I. The weight-balance analY/er for the evaluation of dynamic balance ability can be used both in standing and sitting positions. A computer block-break game is integrated into the program so that training can be performed enjoyably. 2. A large serial force plate is used to detect the floor reaction force of individual legs. Three force components in the directions of X. Y and Z are transformed to resultant force. velocity. acceleration and paths of center of pressure through mathematic processing. 3. The three­ dimensinal goniometer describes angular changes of the hip or knee joint in the three planes during walking. In addition to flexion-cxtension. adduction-abduction and internal-external rotation can be grasped easily by this device.

Pathological Knee Joint Changes in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Surgical Treatment

Pathological Knee Joint Changes in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Surgical Treatment

Radiologic changes in knee joints before and after synovectomy

Radiologic changes in knee joints before and after synovectomy

Osteoarthrosis alkaptonurica Report of a Case

Alkaptonuria is very rare disease characterised by the presence of homogentisic acid in the urine, associated with an inborn error of metabolism of certain amino acids, namely tyrosine and phenylalanine. The disease is inherited.We experienced a 48 years old woman who complained of low back pack pain and, feeling of numbness and pain of the lateral aspect of right leg, and who was supposed to be an alkaptouria from her clinical histories.First clinical manifestations were ochronosis both in the auricles and sclerae, slight kyphosis and stiffness of the thoracolumbar spine.Radiological examination showed degenerative changes of thracolumbar spine and right knee joint, and demonstrated narrowing of the intervertebral spaces and diffuse calicification of intervertebral discs.Except for anemia, CRP positive and decrease of potassium in the serum, there is no clinical significance in the blood examination. On standing, the urine turned brown and finally black in color.Treatments, such as traction, hydrotherapy, medication, were done without appreciable therapeutic effects.

Follow Up Assessment of Rheumatoid Arthritis

Thirty-five patients with classical rheumatoid arthritis have been followed for more than five years. The average duration of disease of the series was 13.5 years and the average age was 50.0 years.The series was collected between 1960 and 1964.In 1966 and 1971, the follow up assessments were carried out on laboratory finding, disease activity, functional capacity and X-ray findings.On the whole their level of disease activity tended to subside. However, there was a gradual but progressive worsening in the functional capacity. With regard to X-ray findings, the development of the radiological changes varied with the joints involved.Intercarpal joints and radio-carpal joints were most frequently involved and the X-ray changes of those jojnts progressed rapidly.In spite of beeing frequently affected, the X-ray changes of knee joints and ankle joints were less advanced in comparison with intercarpal joints and radio-carpal joints.

Natural history of radiological changes of knee joint in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis.

Acta PaediatricaVolume 56, Issue 6 p. 671-675 Natural History of Radiological Changes of Knee Joint in Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis GEORG ROSBERG, Corresponding Author GEORG ROSBERG Rheumatism Foundation Hospital (Head: Veikko Laine), Heinola, Finland*Alppitie 5 B 56 Tuira FinlandSearch for more papers by this authorVEIKKO LAINE, VEIKKO LAINE Rheumatism Foundation Hospital (Head: Veikko Laine), Heinola, FinlandSearch for more papers by this author GEORG ROSBERG, Corresponding Author GEORG ROSBERG Rheumatism Foundation Hospital (Head: Veikko Laine), Heinola, Finland*Alppitie 5 B 56 Tuira FinlandSearch for more papers by this authorVEIKKO LAINE, VEIKKO LAINE Rheumatism Foundation Hospital (Head: Veikko Laine), Heinola, FinlandSearch for more papers by this author First published: November 1967 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1651-2227.1967.tb15994.xCitations: 3AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume56, Issue6November 1967Pages 671-675 RelatedInformation

Changes in the Knee-joint at Various Ages

Changes in the Knee-joint at Various Ages

Changes in the Knee Joint at Various Ages

Changes in the Knee Joint at Various Ages