Innovation Change Research Articles

Technological innovation, militarization, and environmental change: evidence from BRICS economies.

In the complex international society, the economic development and defense construction of BRICS countries have attracted increasing attention. This article incorporates technological innovation, militarization, and environmental change into a unified analytical framework to assess the potential impact of technological progress and defense military expenditure on the environment in BRICS countries. Based on CSD tests, unit root tests, and cointegration tests, this study constructs a CS-ARDL model to examine the long-term and short-term relationships among various variables from 1990 to 2021. The results show that technological innovation, military expenditure, and economic growth can significantly increase ecological footprint in the long run, while in the short term, technological innovation and economic growth significantly increase ecological footprint, and the impact of military expenditure is not significant. It is suggested that BRICS countries should focus on supporting low-carbon technology policies and research and development investment, while also considering the use of cutting-edge technology to improve military intelligence capabilities in order to reduce the negative impact of technological innovation and military activities on the environment.

The Core Might Change Anyhow We Define It: The Instability of Key Actors in Longitudinal Social Network Data

Central actors or opinion leaders are in the right structural position to spread relevant information or convince others about adopting an innovation or behaviour change. Who is a central actor or opinion leader might be conceptualised in various ways. Widely accepted centrality measures do not take into account that those in central positions in the social network may change over time. A longitudinal comparison of the set and importance of opinion leaders is problematic with these measures and therefore needs a novel approach. In this study, we investigate ways to compare the stability of the set of central actors over time. Using longitudinal survey data from primary schools (where the members of the social networks do not change much over time) on advice-seeking and friendship networks, we find a relatively poor stability of who is in the central positions anyhow we define centrality. We propose the application of combined indices in order to achieve more efficient targeting results. Our results suggest that because opinion leaders may change over time, researchers should be careful about relying on simple centrality indices from cross-sectional data to gain and interpret information (for example, in the design of prevention programs, network-based interventions or infection control) and must rely on more diverse structural information instead.

Reigniting the U.S. Chip Industry: The CHIPS Act promises $11 billion for chipmaking research and development. It won't be enough without changes in innovation and participation.

Reigniting the U.S. Chip Industry: The CHIPS Act promises $11 billion for chipmaking research and development. It won't be enough without changes in innovation and participation.

Randomised trials conducted using cohorts: a scoping review

IntroductionCohort studies generate and collect longitudinal data for a variety of research purposes. Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) increasingly use cohort studies as data infrastructures to help identify and recruit trial...

Mini review: possible role of the multi-theory model of health behavior change in designing substance use prevention and treatment interventions.

Many behavior change theories have evolved over time. Originally, the first conceptions prioritized interventions based on information, such as raising awareness and transferring knowledge. Second-generation theories prioritize the development of skills and the promotion of awareness. The emergence of evidence-based techniques in the 1990s gave rise to third-generation theories such as the Theory of Planned Behavior and Social Cognitive Theory. Presently, fourth-generation trends amalgamate various components from multiple theories to implement accurate treatments, employing technology and emphasizing targeted behavior change. This paper aims to do a concise evaluation of the multi-theory model (MTM) of health behavior change interventions in the context of planning substance use prevention and treatment. The current area of intervention programs aimed at preventing and treating substance use may benefit from MTM, an innovative fourth-generation behavior change model. Tobacco, alcohol, and other drugs have all been the subjects of experimental, cross-sectional, and qualitative research. We have presented that additional research is required to compare MTM with knowledge-based therapies or interventions grounded in other theories. A gold standard would be the randomized controlled trials and behavioral change interventions particularly useful for this purpose. In addition, research evaluating the interventions' efficacy must be carefully planned and executed.

Can’t Fix This? Innovation, Social Change, and Solutionism in Design Thinking

Design thinking is commonly presented as a solution-oriented approach to innovation. It aims to solve so-called “wicked problems,” with various textbooks and toolkits promising to equip their readers with the skills needed to do so. By rendering design thinking as a magic bullet for problem-solving towards innovation and social change, some of its proponents fall back on a solutionist position. This is despite a growing body of research highlighting critical approaches to design thinking. Drawing on, and adding to, such literature, this article examines how innovation and social change are concretely conceptualised in design thinking guides. Using a cultural media studies approach, the article first contrasts design thinking literature with critical design research, emphasizing the notion of (technological) solutionism. It then zooms in on a purposively selected case: a design thinking textbook aimed at tertiary students. Based on an interpretative analysis of this example, it discusses what understandings of innovation and social change are encouraged in the envisioned design thinking. In linking the reviewed literature and observations from the case study, the analysis highlights two main arguments: First, complex interrelations between innovation and social change are causally simplified in outlining design thinking, thereby fostering techno-fix approaches and mindsets: Readers are encouraged to not merely select but in fact construct solvable “problems,” in turn avoiding confrontations with substantive issues that cannot be fixed through the envisioned design thinking. Second, innovation is conflated with corporate activities and normative questions of innovation, (in-)equality, privilege, and social change are neglected, in turn suggesting a misleading symbiosis between economic and societal interests.

Media-Tech Companies as Agents of Innovation: From Radical to Incremental Innovation in a Cluster

During recent decades new players, forms, and practices have been entering the journalism field, prompting a re-examination of journalism’s professional and organizational boundaries. Many scholars argue for expanding the scope of journalism studies beyond the newsrooms to encompass actors labelled as strangers, peripheral players, or interlopers. Those actors do not belong to traditional journalism but are becoming involved in the production of news, challenging journalism borders from the inside and out. Their influence has been growing and scholarship is increasingly mapping out these strangers and assessing their role in journalism innovation. In this article, we examine the role of one type of implicit interloper in journalism innovation: media-tech companies. We consider companies that provide video management and virtual reality services as implicit interlopers, due to their connection to journalism through the boundary object of news production and lack of claim over journalistic authority. We argue that media-tech companies have been under-researched based on a review of literature on innovation according to Holton and Belair-Gagnon’s (2018) typology of interlopers. Therefore, we examine what kind of innovation comes from the periphery of journalism, and the prerequisites for and the role of those innovations in the context of a specific cluster. We conducted a case study of Media City Bergen based on a thematic analysis of semi-structured elite interviews with executives of media-tech companies. Our findings show how media-tech companies bring innovation to production and distribution, content, and content consumption. Furthermore, they show how disruptiveness and the degree of innovations change with the maturation of the cluster.

이미지 자동 생성 인공지능의 원리와 현황

This study identifies the principles of image generation artificial intelligence, examines its performance and limitations, and examines the innovative changes that have occurred in image production methods. Specifically, we reveal the structure of the Generative Adversarial Network (GAN), trace its technical improvement process in detail, and classify the types of subsequent models developed later. The tasks performed by GAN’s successor models are diverse. GAN is steadily evolving, completing amazing tasks that were impossible with existing generative models, such as high-resolution image generation, image substitution such as drawings and photos, and face synthesis. The principles of GAN are, first, data learning through adversarial competition between generator and discriminator, second, calculation of accurate probability distribution through Maximum Likelihood Estimation, and third, calculation of fine features of images through deep convolution structure. The most important characteristic of GAN as a generative model is its ability to create realistic images similar to photographs. Humans have been producing images using hands and tools, but with the invention of photography, humans began producing images using camera devices. Now, generative artificial intelligence is becoming another means of image production as technology continues to improve rapidly.

인공지능의 쟁점과 규범적 대응

Digital, led by ChatGPT, is triggering innovative changes in all areas, including politics, economy, society, and culture. It is the so-called era of digital deepening. Digital innovation brings infinite possibilities and benefits to mankind, but artificial intelligence (AI) technology or research field for realizing human cognitive, reasoning, and judgment on a computer. In this paper, we will use a mixture of artificial intelligence and AI. It is also raising various issues that did not exist in the past, such as legal personality and tort liability, product copyright, and job change. Along with the development of artificial intelligence, what is being raised is the issue of ethics of artificial intelligence. For example, if a biased algorithm such as gender discrimination or racial discrimination is inserted by an artificial intelligence robot developer, artificial intelligence robots will also have this biased idea. In this respect, it is necessary to properly establish not only the technical research of artificial intelligence but also the ethical aspect. Accordingly, major institutions around the world are making efforts to develop artificial intelligence in the right direction for mankind by establishing 23 principles called 'Asiloma AI Principles' in 2017. These issues have complex and diverse interests and are difficult to resolve due to the lack of a clear normative system, so it is necessary to improve social acceptance through the establishment of a new normative system (order). This article examines the prerequisites for establishing a practical new digital order and normative system (Artificial Intelligence's legal personality and tort responsibility, artificial intelligence's fairness and ethics principles and equality principles, artificial intelligence and judgment, artificial intelligence and jobs, artificial intelligence and copyrights), and examines the constitution and administrative law to respond to artificial intelligence. It is always important to keep in mind that “artificial intelligence cannot take precedence over the constitution and basic rights” when it comes to normative responses. Regarding the relationship between the state and science and technology, the Constitution stipulates that “the state shall endeavor to develop the national economy through innovation of science and technology and the development of information and manpower (Article 127), and the rights of authors, inventors, and science and technicians are protected by law (Article 22).” It is constitutionally declared that the state should actively plan, form, and lead in a certain direction for the promotion of science and technology directly. In relation to these constitutional provisions, the establishment and implementation of science and technology policies can be seen as an important duty given to the Republic of Korea as a democratic welfare state. Apart from private autonomy, it is urged to prepare a basic artificial intelligence law to protect the safety and basic rights of the people affected by artificial intelligence.

Revolutionizing the latent heat storage: Boosting discharge performance with innovative undulated phase change material containers in a vertical shell-and-tube system

Abstract This paper examines the impact of various parameters, including frames, zigzag number, and enclosure shape, on the solidification process and thermal energy storage rate of a vertical phase change material (PCM) container. The study also assesses the effects of the flow rate of the heat transfer fluid as well as changing the materials of the PCM between RT35 and RT35HC. In addition, the study compares the framed versus unframed systems and, subsequently, the best case was tested with various zigzag pitch numbers before changing the zigzag-shaped structure to arc and reversed-arc. The findings are examined by contrasting the different scenarios’ liquid fractions, temperature distributions, solidification rates, and heat storage rates. The results show that the framed geometry is 66% faster to reach the target temperature compared with the unframed geometry and employing a zigzag enclosure in a PCM can significantly improve the solidification time and heat recovery rate. As the number of pitches in the zigzag enclosure increases, the improvement rate decreases but still improves the solidification time and heat recovery rate. The reversed-arc-shaped structure has the best performance compared with the other undulated surfaces. For the system with RT35HC, the discharge time is 55% higher compared with that of the system with RT35, while the discharge rate is 8.2% higher for the former during the first 3000 s of the discharging process.

Որքանո՞վ է ընդունելի արհեստական բանականության միջոցով ստեղծված նկարը Իսլամի կողմից / How acceptable is a picture created by artificial intelligence by Islam?

In my opinion, this work deals with a contemporary topic, which of course, has a very close connection with the study of Arabic studies, particularly from the perspective of Islam. It is well known in professional circles that Islam rejects the creation of a human image in any way through painting. This claim has its own logical explanation from the side of Islam, that is, it contradicts the idea of monotheism, because the human image can become an object of worship. Nowadays, the rapid growth of information technology is stimulating the emergence of a number of innovations, among them "artificial intelligence", which has challenged the world today. Of course, Islam is also an integral part of that world, which, with its rigid religious system, cannot intertwine with the innovative changes proposed by artificial intelligence. The purpose of this work is to understand to what extent an artificial intelligence image is acceptable by Islam, i.e. whether it is considered "halal" or "haram". By studying the opinions of some ulema, an attempt has been made in this work to highlight the current approaches to this issue from the perspective of Islam, and finally to understand whether what is created by postmodern intelligence is a human or a technical creation.

A long and winding road: The hard graft of scaling social change in complex systems

Advice abounds on how to implement large-scale social change, much of which emphasizes a simplistic linear process, led by a heroic central actor. Rigorous case studies have shown that social change is far more complex: it is a reciprocal, iterative, and adaptive process, with multiple stakeholders who work backstage in networked, committed teams. Despite this, the myth of the social entrepreneur as a transformative change maker capable of scaling innovations to a societal level, still holds sway over social innovation support programmes and business school curricula. Using illustrative examples of successful efforts of large-scale social change across three of the most pressing international social challenges: access to medicines, the integration of migrant populations, and reorganizing social care models, we illustrate how conceptualizing social change as driven by iconic individuals is often counter-productive in terms of achieving impact at a societal level. Based on these analyses, we present five insights which illustrate how the mythology of social entrepreneurship and simplistic scaling concepts are often contrary to the practices employed within successful efforts to bring about social impact. Three counteracting principles for those leading, evaluating and funding innovative change efforts within complex systems are discussed and contrasted with the pervasive mythology of social entrepreneurship and linear scaling processes.

Using data from mHealth apps to inform person-centred practice: A discussion paper

Background mHealth applications (apps) are tools that can enhance research by efficiently collecting and storing large amounts of data. However, data collection alone does not lead to change. Innovation and practice change occur through utilisation of evidence. The volume of data collected raises questions regarding utilisation of data by nurses and midwives, and how data from mHealth apps can be used to improve person-centred practice. There is limited empirical evidence and a lack of direction from global health authorities to guide nurses and midwives in this area. Aim To describe strategies for nurses and midwives that could enhance the effective use of data generated by mHealth apps to inform person-centred practice. The purpose of this paper is to stimulate reflection and generate actions for data utilisation when using mHealth apps in nursing research and practice. Methods This discussion paper has been informed by current evidence, the integrated-Promoting Action on Research Implementation in Health Services (i-PARIHS) framework, and research experience as part of doctoral study. Findings Before engaging in data collection using mHealth apps, nurses and midwives would benefit from considering the nature of the evidence collected, available technological infrastructure, and staff skill levels. When collecting data and interpreting results, use of a team approach supported by engaged leadership and external facilitation is invaluable. This provides support to operate apps, and more importantly use the data collected to inform person-centred practice. Conclusions This paper addresses the limited available evidence to guide nurses and midwives when using mHealth apps to collect and use data to inform practice change. It highlights the need for appropriate technology, external facilitative support, engaged leadership, and a team approach to collect meaningful evidence using mHealth apps. Clinicians, leaders, and researchers can apply the strategies provided to enhance the use of mHealth apps and ensure translation of evidence into practice.

Penerapan Balance Scorecard dalam Rangka Pengukuran Kinerja Perusahaan PT. Anugrah Iyan Pratama Makassar


 Anugrah Iyan Pratama is a company that operates in the field of trade in health devices. PT. Anugrah Iyan Pratama needs to have a proper performance measurement system framework. Nowadays, the phenomenon that often occurs in PT. Anugrah Iyan Pratama is the inappropriate delivery of goods and payments that are often not on time due to something from the internal company. This phenomenon has a negative impact on long-term agility and success, so it needs to be based on a balanced scorecard in both performance and existing perspectives, such as a financial perspective consisting of return on investment (ROI), profit margin, and growth rate revenue, customer perspectives, internal business process perspectives, and growth and learning perspectives. This research aimed to test hypotheses, solved problems, and achieve goals.Based on the results of the research and discussions that have been outlined, the measurement of the financial perspective of PT. Anugrah Iyan Pratama Makassar showed excellent performance. This could be seen from ROI, profit margin, and growth in revenue. The measurement from the customer perspective of PT. Anugrah Iyan Pratama Makassar showed good performance. This could be seen from the excellent customer growth rate. Measuring from an internal business perspective that included company innovation and after-sales service showed good company performance because the company has strived to deliver better change in innovation. The evaluation of the performance achieved by PT. Anugrah Iyan Pratama Makassar as a whole was said to be good or satisfactory.

TYPES OF INNOVATIONS IN THE SPHERE OF HIGHER EDUCATION

The work is devoted to the study of the main types of innovations in the sphere of higher education. The following types of innovations are considered: innovations of technological and organizational type; innovations of educational and pedagogical type; innovations of structural and pedagogical type; innovations of economic and market type. Also analyzed innovative information technologies, information and innovation management, as well as innovative marketing are widely used in the management of innovative activities in education. They are combined into a group of means and tools for managing innovative activities in education. They can occur in almost all types of innovations in the education system, which can lead to innovative changes to achieve new quantitative and qualitative education parameters. The analysis in the article of some types of innovations in the higher education system shows that they can lead to innovative changes. These are organizational-type innovations in the field of higher education; educational and pedagogical innovations in the higher education system; means and tools for managing innovative activities in education; innovations to solve problems of forced or emergency distance learning, etc. Also are important innovations in higher education related to the protection of life on Earth (environmental, resource-saving and alternative fuels, food security, health care, population control, etc.), as well as new types of innovations in higher education and science caused by global changes, extraordinary and force majeure circumstances. The authors argue that the prospect of building a knowledge society with an innovation-oriented type of economy in any country requires a profound reform of the national economy humanitarian sphere, innovative development of higher education system, science and scientific-technology activity. This should be done on the basis of reasonable combination of the best foreign experience with national traditions. The results of the research can be useful both for specialists in the field of higher education and science, as well as for students, postgraduates, and researchers in the field of innovative activity and innovative development.

Investment Attractiveness of Agriculture in Ukraine: Factors and Prospects for the Future

The article considers the current state and prospects of the development of innovation processes in the agro-industrial complex in the context of globalisation and integration into the world economic space. The relevance is determined by the fact that agriculture in Ukraine needs innovative and investment changes that will become one of the priority factors in the post-war recovery of the industry. The purpose of the article is to analyse the current situation in the agricultural sector of Ukraine, possible problems, and ways to increase investment activity. The most favourable and effective mechanisms for incorporating innovative activities into the agricultural sector of the economy are identified. The priority steps to transform the policy of agricultural production in the innovation sphere are formulated and substantiated. The main trends and possibilities of modern support for the development of innovation processes at all stages of product creation and sales are identified. The methodology includes primary research data and analysis of statistical data for 2017–2023. The basis for the further development of the agro-industrial complex and strengthening its competitiveness in the global food market should be a targeted state policy aimed at introducing innovative development models in the agricultural sector. Reforming the agricultural sector of Ukraine should be aimed at the organisational, technical and technological restructuring of agricultural production, creating the basis for dynamic, integrated, and development of enterprises, the industry, and the country. The article concludes that ensuring favourable conditions for the sustainable development of innovation in the agricultural sector should become a priority for the development of Ukraine's agro-industrial complex in the context of the country's integration into the global economic space. The main tool for achieving this goal is the development and implementation of optimal and effective mechanisms for restructuring economic and management processes in the agricultural sector of the national economy.

Planning progress: Incorporating innovation and structural change into models of economic planning

This paper addresses the challenge of incorporating innovation and structural change in models of economic planning. Previous approaches to economic planning have mostly considered the static problem of the allocation of goods and services, leaving a secondary role (if at all) for the dynamic problem of innovation and change. However, Morozov (2021) argues that the key challenge for any alternative economic system, including planning, is to incorporate a model for progress that can rival the perceived innovative and dynamic nature of capitalism. Finding previous approaches to change in planned economies to be insufficient as central elements of planning technological progress, this paper introduces two new and complementary approaches to planning innovation: Democratic accelerated missions and screening and scaling technologies. Democratic accelerated missions act on the demand side of innovation, translating democratically formulated needs for new capabilities into research and development projects to fulfill these needs. Screening and scaling technologies act on the supply side, selecting promising new technologies based on democratically decided priorities and developing them towards finished products. Both approaches draw extensively on quantitative and qualitative evidence from different strands of literature on innovation to build an empirically grounded model, with a particular focus on (1) democratic decision-making in planning innovation, and (2) incorporating insights from technology prediction and the economics of innovation to steer technological progress. The proposed model demonstrates the feasibility of planning and directing technological progress, and is a first step towards designing institutional and algorithmic structures to this end.

HelloFresh: Transitioning to a plastic-free future?

Abstract The packaging practices of HelloFresh have come under scrutiny in recent years as a result of the company’s remarkable expansion success. Customers have cancelled their meal-kit subscriptions due to the excessive use of plastic packaging for ingredients. In response to these events, HelloFresh began to seek alternatives to replace plastic packaging for its ingredients, but ultimately found that the currently available packaging technology makes it impossible to eliminate plastic completely. HelloFresh is therefore looking for ways to communicate with customers about its sustainability message and their actions to be cost-effective, retain food-safety, and foster sustainability with regard to packaging while making innovative changes in its packaging processes. In the current stage of the sustainability transition for packaging materials in which no ready-at-hand solutions are available, it is crucial for HelloFresh to strike a balance between converting its packaging practices to be more sustainable and communicating this message effectively to its customers.

Дослідження стану та перспектив організаційних трансформацій як основи розвитку підприємств.

The modern business world is constantly changing, which necessitates adaptation and transformation for businesses of all sizes. Organizational transformations cover a wide range of changes in the internal structure of an enterprise, its strategy, technology, and culture. Successful transformations are the key to increasing efficiency, competitiveness, and sustainable development. The lack of investment in transformations, the outflow of qualified personnel due to the war or changes in professional requirements, and problems with logistics and supply, i.e., changes in global supply chains due to martial law, which affect the stability of enterprises, make the issue under study relevant. The article is devoted to studying the state of organizational transformations at enterprises and assessing their prospects for further development. It is proved that organizational transformations are a prerequisite for the successful development of enterprises in the modern world. Implementing changes increases the efficiency of business processes, improves corporate culture, and ensures competitiveness in the global market. Companies that actively implement innovative changes can adapt to external changes faster and achieve success. The prospects for such transformations open new business opportunities due to the development of technology and digitalization. It is established that an in-depth analysis of the status and prospects of organizational transformations is essential not only for understanding the current state of enterprises but also for determining their capabilities in the face of constant change. The main reasons for organizational transformations appropriate for developing enterprises under martial law in Ukraine are considered. The directions for the analysis of organizational transformations of enterprises are substantiated. The types of expected results of organizational transformations are determined. Attention is focused on the current conditions for the implementation of organizational transformations, in particular during the relocation of business due to military operations. Keywords: competitiveness, investments, organizational transformations, enterprise development, sustainable development.

Políticas de fomento e indicadores de productividad de las pymes colombianas mediante análisis envolvente de datos e índices de Malmquist

Purpose: This study aimed to characterize the performance of Colombian Micro, Small, and Medium-sized Enterprises (MSMEs) in recent years, along with the legal framework and central public policies governing and promoting this business segment. In addition, it sought to design, validate, and implement a dynamic system of productivity indicators to help these companies improve their efficiency and competitiveness in the short, medium, and long terms. MSMEs represent approximately 99% of the business sector in Colombia, accounting for nearly 80% of national employment. Design/Methodology: In the initial descriptive–analytical phase, using secondary sources, an analysis was conducted on the performance and current situation of Colombian MSMEs, as well as the main legal provisions regulating and contributing to their development. The subsequent phase (of an applied nature) involved estimating and validating a dynamic system of productivity indicators using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and Malmquist indexes for 2 samples of SMEs. Findings: After conducting the DEA, a significant decrease was observed in the productivity of the MSMEs, particularly in terms of technical efficiency in both the Constant Returns to Scale (CRS) and Variable Returns to Scale (VRS) models. This means that, evaluated both under the CRS and VRS modes, these enterprises use more inputs than necessary for the amount of goods produced. In addition, the Malmquist indexes showed that, during the period under analysis, technical efficiency related to changes in innovation exhibited a positive behavior, attributed to the incorporation of technological changes for improving their productivity. Conclusions: Despite the development of public initiatives and institutional support in recent decades, Colombian SMEs still face adverse conditions that affect their competitiveness and limit their potential in the national economy. The proposed system of indicators, which is based on DEA techniques and Malmquist indexes, holds promise in helping these businesses to improve their productivity. Originality: This study makes a significant contribution to the fields of economics and business management in the region by providing a critical and updated evaluation of the efficiency of MSMEs in Colombia. Additionally, it examines their performance and current situation and summarizes the main legal provisions regulating and contributing to their development in the country.