Changes In Histamine Concentration Research Articles

Highly sensitive biosensors for real-time monitoring of histamine at acupoint PC6 in rats based on graphene-modified acupuncture needles.

Acupoints are the local initial response sites of acupuncture therapeutic effects. As a biomarker, histamine is released into the acupoint region and plays its role concurrently as acupuncture needles are inserted into acupoints. Hence, real-time monitoring of histamine at acupoints is important to elucidate the effectiveness of the acupoint-activation process in acupuncture. Therefore, we developed highly sensitive acupuncture/Au particles/graphene biosensors by electrodeposition, brushing, and annealing methods based on bare acupuncture needles. We achieved a histamine detection limit of approximately 4.352 (±3.419) × 10-12 mol L-1 and good sensitivity of approximately 6.296 (±3.873) μA μM-1, with satisfactory specificity, repeatability, and stability in vitro, rendering them more competitive and suitable for real-time monitoring in vivo without causing additional damage. Subsequently, we conducted real-time histamine monitoring at non-acupoint and acupoint PC6 in rats, respectively. Our results showed minimal changes at the non-acupoint, whereas a trend of initial increase followed by a decrease was observed at acupoint PC6. The change in histamine concentration at acupoint PC6 reflected its involvement in the acupoint-activation procedure. Moreover, its peak position at ∼18 min could provide guidance for optimizing needle retaining time for maximum therapeutic effect. This work presents the first real-time in vivo monitoring of histamine at acupoints with high sensitivity and underscores the specificity of histamine release between non-acupoint and acupoint PC6, demonstrating great potential for elucidating the acupoint-activation mechanisms in acupuncture. Additionally, this work expands the application of nanomaterials in the integration of medicine and engineering, which is an important aspect of the future development of materials science.

Effects of morphine on histamine release from two cell lines of canine mast cell tumor and on plasma histamine concentrations in dogs with cutaneous mast cell tumor.

To determine the effects of morphine on histamine release from 2 canine mast cell tumor (MCT) cell lines and on plasma histamine concentrations in dogs with cutaneous MCTs. 10 dogs with cutaneous MCT and 10 dogs with soft tissue sarcoma (STS). The study consisted of 2 phases. First, 2 canine MCT cell lines were exposed to 3 pharmacologically relevant morphine concentrations, and histamine concentrations were determined by an ELISA. Second, dogs with MCT or STS received 0.5 mg of morphine/kg, IM, before surgery for tumor excision. Clinical signs, respiratory rate, heart rate, arterial blood pressure, rectal temperature, and plasma histamine concentrations were recorded before and 5, 15, 30, and 60 minutes after morphine administration but prior to surgery. Data were compared by use of a 2-way ANOVA with the Sidak multiple comparisons test. In the first phase, canine MCT cell lines did not release histamine when exposed to pharmacologically relevant morphine concentrations. In the second phase, no differences were noted for heart rate, arterial blood pressure, and rectal temperature between MCT and STS groups. Plasma histamine concentrations did not significantly differ over time within groups and between groups. No significant changes in histamine concentrations were noted for both in vitro and in vivo study phases, and no hemodynamic changes were noted for the in vivo study phase. These preliminary results suggested that morphine may be used safely in some dogs with MCT.

Histamine may contribute to vortioxetine's procognitive effects; possibly through an orexigenic mechanism

Vortioxetine is a novel multimodal antidepressant that acts as a serotonin (5-HT)3, 5-HT7, and 5-HT1D receptor antagonist; 5-HT1B receptor partial agonist; 5-HT1A receptor agonist; and 5-HT transporter inhibitor in vitro. In preclinical and clinical studies vortioxetine demonstrates positive effects on cognitive dysfunction. Vortioxetine's effect on cognitive function likely involves the modulation of several neurotransmitter systems. Acute and chronic administration of vortioxetine resulted in changes in histamine concentrations in microdialysates collected from the rat prefrontal cortex and ventral hippocampus. Based on these results and a literature review of the current understanding of the interaction between the histaminergic and serotonergic systems and the role of histamine on cognitive function, we hypothesize that vortioxetine through an activation of the orexinergic system stimulates the tuberomammilary nucleus and enhances histaminergic neurotransmission, which contributes to vortioxetine's positive effects on cognitive function.

P.2.e.005 Expression profiling of the lateral habenula in the chronic mild stress rat model of depression

Vortioxetine is a novel multimodal antidepressant that acts as a serotonin (5-HT)3, 5-HT7, and 5-HT1D receptor antagonist; 5-HT1B receptor partial agonist; 5-HT1A receptor agonist; and 5-HT transporter inhibitor in vitro. In preclinical and clinical studies vortioxetine demonstrates positive effects on cognitive dysfunction. Vortioxetine's effect on cognitive function likely involves the modulation of several neurotransmitter systems. Acute and chronic administration of vortioxetine resulted in changes in histamine concentrations in microdialysates collected from the rat prefrontal cortex and ventral hippocampus. Based on these results and a literature review of the current understanding of the interaction between the histaminergic and serotonergic systems and the role of histamine on cognitive function, we hypothesize that vortioxetine through an activation of the orexinergic system stimulates the tuberomammilary nucleus and enhances histaminergic neurotransmission, which contributes to vortioxetine's positive effects on cognitive function.

Cytokines in Placental Physiology and Disease

Cytokines in Placental Physiology and Disease

The Effect of Desloratadine on Eosinophil/Basophil Progenitors and Other Inflammatory Markers in Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis: A Placebo-Controlled Randomized Study

Background: Eosinophil/basophil (Eo/B) progenitors fluctuate in the peripheral circulation during seasonal allergen exposure in atopic subjects. Several drugs have been shown to modulate Eo/B progenitor levels in the peripheral blood but, to date, the possible effect of antihistamines on Eo/B progenitors has not been explored. Our objective was to evaluate whether the antihistamine desloratadine (DL) can modulate peripheral blood Eo/B progenitors or other markers of allergic inflammation. Methods: We performed a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study on the effects of DL on peripheral blood Eo/B progenitors in subjects with symptomatic, seasonal allergic rhinitis during a ragweed pollen season. Forty-five subjects were randomized to treatment for 4 weeks with DL 20 mg daily or placebo. Results: The expected fall in the number of Eo/B progenitors from baseline to 2 weeks of treatment was seen in the placebo group [median drop of 1.0 colony-forming unit (CFU)/10⁶ cells], and was greater than in the DL group (median drop of 0.0 CFU/10⁶ cells) (p = 0.013). The change in histamine concentration per colony from baseline to 2 weeks of treatment was lower in the DL group (median decrease of 6.1 pg/colony) compared to placebo (median increase of 1.8 pg/colony) (p = 0.01). An increase in the nasal lavage eotaxin concentration from baseline to 4 weeks of treatment was statistically significant in the placebo group but not in the DL group. Eo/B CFU were not affected by varyingin vitro concentrations of DL. Conclusion: These results suggest that DL can modulate aspects of allergic inflammation in vivo through mechanisms other than simple blockade of H₁ histamine receptors.

Changes of histamine concentration in chicken oviduct during the egg-laying cycle.

This study was undertaken to determine histamine concentration in chicken oviductal parts (infundibulum, magnum, isthmus and shell gland) in relation to the egg location within the oviduct and ovulation. The experiment was performed on Hisex Brown laying hens with regular sequences of at least four eggs. Ovulation occurred within 5-15 min of oviposition of the previous egg in the series. Histamine was determined spectrofluorometrically in the following stages of the egg-laying cycle: during c2 oviposition; 0.5 h, 6.5 h, 12.5 h and 18.5 h after c2 oviposition; and during c3 oviposition. Irrespective of the egg formation stage histamine concentration in the examined oviductal parts was arranged in the following order: infundibulum > magnum > isthmus > shell gland. During the egg-laying cycle histamine concentration significantly changed. During oviposition, i.e. just before ovulation of the next egg in the series, histamine concentration significantly increased in the infundibulum while 6.5 h after oviposition, i.e. about 1.5 h of the egg stay in the shell gland, there was a significant increase in histamine concentration both in the infundibulum and the shell gland. In the magnum histamine concentration was elevated when the ovum entered the segment, i.e. 0.5 h after oviposition. There were no changes in histamine concentration in the isthmus. It is suggested that histamine participates in the local events taking place in the hen oviduct during the egg formation cycle.

Prospective Evaluation of Red Man Syndrome in Patients Receiving Vancomycin

The incidence of red man syndrome (RMS) and its relationship to histamine were investigated in patients receiving vancomycin or an aminoglycoside (control). During the 60-min infusions, patients were observed for signs or symptoms consistent with RMS, including pruritus, erythema, angioedema, and cardiovascular depression. Four blood samples were obtained at 30-min intervals for determination of histamine concentrations. One (3.4%) of 29 vancomycin- and none of 8 aminoglycoside-treated patients had documented RMS. The mean maximum changes in blood pressure and heart rate were not significant and were similar between groups. Increases in histamine concentrations to > 1 ng/mL occurred only in 25% (2/8) of the aminoglycoside patients. Vancomycin induced minimal changes in histamine concentrations despite the occurrence of RMS. From these observations, it appears that RMS is not closely associated with histamine release, and elevated histamine concentrations do not predict RMS. Further investigation is needed to elucidate other mediators of RMS.

Serum histamine and the elicitation of murine contact sensitivity

We report that challenge of previously contact-sensitized mice results in a significant increase in the concentration of serum histamine. In an attempt to determine whether this phenomenon might form the basis of an alternative method for the evaluation of elicitation reactions in experimental contact sensitivity, we have compared challenge-induced increases in ear thickness with elevations in serum histamine. Challenge of sensitized mice revealed that both ear thickness changes and increases in the serum level of histamine were dependent upon the concentration of oxazolone used for sensitization. The kinetics of changes in serum histamine concentration were found to be biphasic, with a small increase measurable 2 h following challenge and the maximal response at 24 or 48 h. In contrast, increases in ear thickness were monophasic, although maximum responses were also observed at 24 h. It is concluded that, although they do not exactly parallel increases in ear thickness, changes in histamine concentration may provide a useful serological correlate of the challenge reaction in contact sensitivity.

Brain Histamine in Rats with Hepatic Encephalopathy

Chronic liver failure induced by portocaval anastomosis (PCA) in Wistar rats resulted in a dramatic increase in histamine concentration in hypothalamus and a smaller, but clearly pronounced, elevation in the rest of brain. Between 10 and 120 days following surgery, shunted rats exhibited a histamine level 2.4- to 13-fold higher in hypothalamus and 1.5- to 2.5-fold higher in the rest of brain as compared to their control, sham-operated pairs. There were no significant changes in histamine concentration in the other examined tissues. The increase in brain histamine could not be attributed to the inhibition of its degradation, because activity of histamine N-methyltransferase remained unchanged for at least 40 days. Although the activity of histidine decarboxylase also remained unchanged when measured at a saturating concentration of L-histidine, the increase in histamine content in brain seems to be due to its enhanced synthesis brought about by increased availability of L-histidine in the tissue, as indicated by two to four times higher concentrations of this amino acid in PCA rats.

Changes in plasma histamine during orthotopic liver transplantation in the pig

Hypotension and cardiac arrhythmia are commonly seen during liver transplantation both in man and in experimental animals. The cardiovascular changes may be explained by release of vasoactive substances, e.g. histamine, into the systemic circulation. Abdominal operations are followed by an increased histamine concentration in portal blood. If the liver clears excess histamine from the splanchnic system, an increased histamine concentration should not be found in the systemic circulation. We measured plasma histamine in peripheral arterial blood, blood from the right atrium and portal blood in different phase of liver transplantation in ten pigs. Histamine concentration increased in the portal vein in the anhepatic phase (basal 15.85 pmol/ml to 34.67 pmol/ml, median, p less than 0.05) but no changes were found in arterial or right atrium samples. Venous and later arterial revascularisation were not followed by any changes in histamine concentration in arteria and right atrium samples. We conclude that the transplanted liver can eliminate splanchnic histamine and that histamine is unlikely to be involved in the cardiovascular changes which are seen after revascularisation of the liver.

Variations in histamine concentration in nasal secretion in patients with allergic rhinitis.

The histamine concentration and content in nasal secretion and the volume of nasal secretion in nasal washing samples were measured under different conditions in 28 patients with allergic rhinitis sensitive to birch pollen. The mean histamine concentration was significantly lower after intranasal birch pollen challenge (2.08 micrograms/ml) than in prechallenge samples (6.96 micrograms/ml), and was also significantly lower in untreated patients during the birch pollen season (2.30 micrograms/ml) than off-season (7.18 micrograms/ml). The same relationship was found between the histamine content of the secretion samples obtained on these occasions. The mean secretion volume was greater after than before challenge, but not significantly higher during the season than off-season. A partial reversion of the changes in histamine concentration and content that occurred during the season was observed during intranasal corticosteroid therapy. The concentration and content of histamine in nasal secretion from symptomatic patients after intranasal histamine challenge did not differ significantly from those in asymptomatic subjects before challenge. It was concluded that although the histamine level in nasal secretion can be used as a marker of changes in the severity of allergic rhinitis, it is not ideal for this purpose.

モルモット皮膚アルサス反応局所におけるヒスタミン代謝および浸潤細胞の時間的変動

The cutaneous concentration of histamine and the specific activities of its degrading enzymes, histamine-N-methyltransferase (HMT) and diamine oxidase (DAO), were examined in the Arthus reaction sites induced in guinea pig skin, and kind of cells infiltrated in the lesional sites was also investigated. Histamine concentration revealed a prominent linear decrease at the early stage to about 15% of the control level, and recovered linearly to 85% 6 hours after the initiation without significant infiltration of mast cells and basophils, and no remarkable change was observed thereafter up to 48 hours. The activity of HMT, a major enzyme in the degradation of histamine having almost 15 times greater activity than that of DAO, sustained the control level till 1 hour, followed by a prominent linear decrease to 35% at 6 hours and to 10% at 48 hours. Another histamine degrading enzyme (DAO) activity increased to about 150% till 1 hour, and decreased linearily like the time course of HMT activity. These changes in enzyme activities seemed to well explain the quantitative change in histamine concentration in the reaction sites. The effect of released histamine in the lesional sites was also discussed.

Histamine H2 receptor activity and histamine metabolism in human U-937 monocyte-like cells and human peripheral monocytes.

Functional and specific histamine H2 receptors were characterized in human peripheral monocytes and in U-937 cells, before and after retinoic acid--induced differentiation into monocyte/macrophage-like cells. The relative potencies of histamine and the H1, H2 receptor agonists and antagonists studied are remarkably similar in U-937 cells and U-937 monocytes. There is no change in histamine concentration and activity of the enzymes forming and degrading histamine during monocytic-like differentiation. The results raise the possibility that histamine H2 receptors might be involved in pathophysiological regulations (proliferation/differentiation and biological function) of normal and leukemic monocytes.

Changes in histamine concentration of ruminal contents and plasma in cattle fed on a formula feed and rolled barley.

Changes in histamine concentration of ruminal contents and plasma in cattle fed on a formula feed and rolled barley.

Age dependent changes in histamine content of venom of queen and worker honey bees

We have compared the variation in histamine content of the venom of worker honey bees maintained in the field with those in an indoor flight room. We find that the temporal changes in venom histamine content are parallel under the different conditions. We have measured the histamine content of different regions of the venom system of virgin queen bees and found temporal changes in histamine concentration which parallel those seen in workers. While the absolute amounts of histamine in the queen venom system exceed those measured in workers, we estimate that the histamine concentration in queen and worker venom is similar. The LD 50 of histamine, injected into the haemocoele of worker bees in saline, is found to be 3.2 μg/worker.

Histamine content of tracheal and lung tissue as a function of age in rats

The authors have examined histamine content and growth of lung and rachea] tissues in 10 to 310-day-old male and female Sprague-Dawley rats. Mean total histamine con ent of ung tissue was 1.6 μg/g wet weight at 16 days of age and 15.7 μg/g at 310 days of age. While lung growth was nearly complete at 50 days, histamine concentrations tripwd from 50 to 310 days. T-acneal hisiamine concentrations decreased with age (23 μg/g at 31 days and 8.2 μg/g at 3 mdays). Changes in histamine concentrations occurred similarly in both sexes and were observed whetner determined asgvet weight or g/protein. Lung weight/body weight ratios decreased wich increasing age, especiallyi inhe first 50 days of life. The percentage of total histamine released (93) frorm chopped lun; tissu; by ompound 48/80 (20 μ g/ml) was independent of age and sex, as waathe metabolism of added nistamine (2 μ by lung tissue (27% per 100 mg per 30 min). The close relatiwiship be ween age and total histamine content of lung tissue suggests that age may be an importaint variable in physiological resp nscfe involving histamine release from tissue stores.

Changes in histamine concentration in blood and organs of rats with experimental pneumococcal infection

Changes in histamine concentration in blood and organs of rats with experimental pneumococcal infection

Mast cell, eosinophil and histamine levels in Nippostrongylus brasiliensis infected rats

The changes induced in the small intestine of the rat by infection with Nippostrongylus brasiliensis have been studied, both in single and multiple infections. The effect of diet on the host's response to infection by N. brasiliensis was studied by maintaining rats on normal diet (R.C.86) and on low protein diet (L.P.D.) under otherwise similar conditions of temperature and environment. Rats maintained on normal diet eliminated their worm burden after 12 days. Rats maintained on low protein diet did not eliminate their worm burden until after 23 days. Rats similarly maintained on each of these two diets received at intervals three consecutive infections of N. brasiliensis followed by a challenge infection in order to discover whether the different diets altered the host's ability to develop immunity. Rats maintained on normal diet developed a strong immunity following repeated infections. Rats maintained on low protein diet developed a very weak immunity following repeated infections. The small intestines from rats maintained on normal and low protein diets, both infected and uninfected, were examined histologically for changes in the numbers of mast cells and eosinophils present. Rats on the normal diet showed similar mast cell changes to those on the low protein diet, although the changes were more violent in the latter ones. By contrast, the eosinophil response in normal rats was more pronounced than that in the low protein diet rats. The histamine content of the small intestine was estimated in rats receiving the two different diets. Rats on the normal diet showed less pronounced changes in histamine concentrations than did those on the low protein diet. The theory that eosinophils act as antagonists to histamine is supported. Evidence is produced which suggests that mast cells play a part in cellular reactions to parasitic infection.

Changes in concentration of histamine in canine gastric mucosa during secretion.

A study was undertaken to determine whether the concentration of histamine in the gastric mucosa changes with feeding, with histamine or vagal stimulation, or after the administration of cortisone. The concentration of histamine in the gastric mucosa was determined in dogs in the fasting state, after ingestion of a meal, after a meal followed by the injection of histamine, during insulin-induced hypoglycemia, and after administration of cortisone. Comparison of the different groups with the fasting series disclosed that no significant change in the mucosal concentration of histamine occurred after the meal, after the meal plus injections of histamine, or after administration of cortisone. Insulin-induced hypoglycemia caused a rise in the concentration of histamine in the mucosa of the body and antrum of the stomach.