Changes In Different Parts Research Articles

Sınır Engellerinin Hukukiliği Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme: Geri Göndermeme İlkesi ve Ülke Dışı Etkisi

It is a common practice for states to build walls and similar structures on their borders primarily for security but also for a variety of reasons. The fact that the principle of non-refoulement as part of customary international law and regulated by the 1951 Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees is deemed valid not only for those who gain the status of refugee but also for everyone who seeks asylum and that it is interpreted in a way to cover all kinds of deportation acts such as expulsion, return, transfer or rejection on the border for those who have a well-founded fear of being persecuted is a requirement of the developments in both international law and humanitarian law. Various border walls and fences completed by Balkan states with the purpose of preventing mass population movement arising from reasons such as civil wars, failed states, drought and climate change in different parts of the world and relevant activities bring into question of whether the principle of non-refoulement has an extra territorial effect or not. The border policies of states are the result of their sovereignty; however, current precautions taken within the framework of the protection of borders can result in the state’s violation of the obligations arising from international law.

Pattern of Snake Bite Cases at Tertiary Health Care Centre and First Aid Treatment

Introduction and Objectives: Snake bite is one ofthe public health problem often neglected, especially intropical and developing countries of the world. Demographic and clinical parameters changes in differentparts of the world. In India it is more prevalent in Kerala, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Tamilnadu, etc. This studywas conducted in a tertiary health care centre in Maharashtra to demonstrate the epidemiology, managementand severity of snake bite as an acute medical emergency situation to create awareness regarding the first aidtreatment and to formulate policies for ASV availability.Materials and Method: Tertiary health care based retrospective study was conducted from June 2017 toJuly 2018 and data was collected, analyzed and presented as percentage.Results: In this present retrospective study a total of 131 cases of snake bites were observed in a tertiaryhealth care centre and the mortality rate was found to be 1.53%. More than 50% bites were of VasculotxicSnake leading to severe systemic complications in 15% of the victims and death of 2 patients, ASV wasrequired in 68% cases of snake bites.Conclusion: To lower the incidences of Snake bites, awareness and preventive measures such as avoidingtall grassy areas, keeping storage areas clear of rodents, removing rubbish, raise beds above floor level andavoiding areas known to harbor dangerous snakes. Use of gumboots and long pants for working outdoors isadvised. First aid treatment and assurance to patients are the most important primary management of Snakebites.

Validation of association

Recognizing, quantifying and visualizing associations between two variables is increasingly important. This paper investigates how a new function-valued measure of dependence, the quantile dependence function, can be used to construct tests for independence and to provide an easily interpretable diagnostic plot of existing departures from the null model. The dependence function is designed to detect general dependence structure between variables in quantiles of the joint distribution. It gives an insight into how the dependence structure changes in different parts of the joint distribution. We define new estimators of the dependence function, discuss some of their properties, and apply them to construct new tests of independence. Numerical evidence is given to the tests benefits against three recognized independence tests introduced in the previous years. In real-data analysis, we offer the use of our tests and the graphical presentation of the underlying dependence structure.

Management challenges and adaptations with climate change in Iran forests

Nowadays, climate change is one of the global issues. Given the occurrence of climate change in different parts of the world in recent years, a major concern of environmental and forestry activists and policy makers has been to explore the direct and indirect deteriorative impacts of this phenomenon on different facets of forest ecosystem and local communities. The present study run an opinion poll among 315 activists, students, teachers, and experts of environment in Iran during 2019 to find out the extent to which they believed that severe climate change was happening in different forests and how they assessed the performance of environmental resources and forest management practices. The analysis of data exhibited that over 90% of the participants acknowledged the occurrence of severe climatic changes in recent years and almost none of them assessed the present forest management style to be appropriate. On the other hand, the participants suggested that the Zagros and northern forests of Iran have most severely been affected due to climate change by about 53% and 31.7%, respectively. Thus, to reduce destructive impacts of climate and global warming on human and local community, it is recommended to prioritize climate change adaptive management strategies in these regions.

LINGUISTIC INTERFERENCE IN GERMAN-UKRAINIAN LANGUAGE IN BUKOVINA AT THE BEGINNING OF THE 20TH CENTURY

The article is devoted to the language interference study in German-Ukrainian discourse in the early twentieth century, which is based on a comprehensive language analysis of changes in German in the Franz Porubski work "Rund um den Rathausturm und den Pruth", published in 1906. Almost 150 years of German coexistence with other languages, such as Ukrainian, Romanian, Polish, Yiddish and Russian, made its adjustments in the reproduction and language use at that time. The locals knew at least two or three languages, and since German was the state language, it penetrated mostly through the bureaucracy, conscription, press and literature. The beginning of the last century is also characterized by the fact that in Chernivtsi city started developing literary activity. Many authors were multilingual, so the interference phenomena penetrated into their works. The speaker's attempt was to make his own statements based on the native language rules and structure and to establish inappropriate connections between the two languages led to interference. Researchers consider it at the grammatical, lexical and phonological levels. The interlinguistic interference intensity depends on subjective and objective factors that do not affect it. Changes in the Bukovinian Germans speech were due to their long stay in a foreign environment and limited use of their own language. Changes took place at almost all language levels, which influenced the Bukovinian German development. Interference at the lexical level was especially noticeable. German was diluted with local realities, everyday words and interjections. A large part of the borrowed interjections were Ukrainian or Bukovinian equivalents, they were so widespread that they almost replaced the standard German ones. There was also a literal tracing of foreign phrases or morphological changes of different parts of both languages in one expression or sentence.

Study on The Characteristics of Temporal and Spatial Changes of Regional Water Resources

In order to accurately reflect the basic characteristics of the water quality of the different reaches of the Weihe River (Shaanxi section), this paper selects ammonia nitrogen, CODcr, total phosphorus, and total nitrogen, which are more serious and concerned about exceeding the standard in the surface water of the Yellow River basin based on a large number of survey data, draw the curve of four water pollution indicators along the Weihe River (Shaanxi section) in different water periods, and grasp spatially the environmental changes of different parts of the Weihe River (Shaanxi section), different upstream and downstream parts. And the contrast of quality changes, so that the river water quality evaluation is typical and representative, provide a basis for the comprehensive management of the Weihe River basin, and promote the sustainable development of the Guanzhong region.

Water safety assessment and spatio-temporal changes in Dongting Lake, China on the basis of water regime during 1980–2014

Abstract The drastic changes in water regime are of great importance for maintaining water security in lakes with violent seasonal fluctuations. Based on hydrological data of Dongting Lake, the second largest freshwater lake in China, during 1980–2014, a set of water safety assessment methods suitable for seasonal lakes was constructed. Results demonstrated the following. (1) The year 2003 was a major time point for changes in water regime in Dongting Lake between 1980 and 2014. (2) The water regime changes in different parts of Dongting Lake exhibited certain similarities in periodicity and overall change trends. Among them, South Dongting Lake presented the best water security status, followed by East Dongting Lake and West Dongting Lake. (3) Compared with 1980–2002, the complexity of the water safety level change in East Dongting Lake increased in 2003–2014, as manifested in the tendency of the distribution of water safety levels to change sharply. (4) The influence of dry years on the water safety of Dongting Lake was greater than that of rainy years. The multi-time, multi-scale and multi-target lake water safety assessment method based on water regimes provides new ideas and methods for global research on seasonal lake water safety.

Cardiovascular organ damage in type 2 diabetes mellitus: the role of lipids and inflammation

BackgroundThe relationship between dyslipidemia, inflammation and CV organ damage in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is complex. Insulin resistance and inflammatory cytokines interleukins (ILs) increase plasma triglycerides (TG). ILs also up-regulate expression of matrix-metalloproteinases (MMPs) that, together with TG, decrease high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) levels. High TG, low HDL, increased ILs and MMPs trigger structural and functional changes in different parts of cardiovascular (CV) system. To understand better the role of lipids and inflammation in CV organ damage, the present study investigated the inter-relationships between lipids, ILs and MMPs, as well as the associations of lipids, ILs and MMPs with various CV measures, both in diabetic and non-diabetic population (nonT2DM).MethodsIn T2DM patients (N = 191) and nonT2DM subjects (N = 94) were assessed carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) and inter-adventitial diameter (IADiam), carotid wave speed (ccaWS), carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV), left ventricular (LV) mass, LV systolic (s′) and early diastolic (e′) longitudinal velocities of mitral annulus, together with glycemic control, lipid profile, IL-6, IL-18 and MMP-12.ResultsT2DM patients, as compared to nonT2DM subjects, had significantly higher plasma levels of IL-6, IL-18, MMP-12 and lower HDL (P < 0.05–0.0001). They had also higher cIMT, IADiam, ccaWS, cfPWV and LV mass, and lower e′ velocity (P < 0.005–0.0001). Both in T2DM patients and nonT2DM subjects, MMP-12 increased with IL-6 (r = 0.43 and 0.39; P < 0.0001) and IL-18 (r = 0.32 and 0.42; P < 0.0001), and HDL decreased with MMP-12 (r = − 0.29 and − 0.42; P < 0.0001). In both populations, MMP-12 was directly associated with IADiam, ccaWS, cfPWV and LV mass (r = 0.42, 0.32, 0.26 and 0.29; P < 0.0001 in T2DM patients, and r = 0.39, 0.28, 0.32 and 0.27; P < 0.01–0.0001 in nonT2DM subjects). In multivariate analysis, MMP-12 remained independently related to IADiam, ccaWS, cfPWV and LV mass in T2DM patients, and to IADiam only in nonT2DM subjects.ConclusionsThis cross-sectional study demonstrated a direct association between ILs and MMP-12, as well as an inverse association between MMP-12 and HDL, both in T2DM patients and in nonT2DM subjects. In T2DM patients, who had higher levels of ILs and MMP-12, the latter was independently related to several structural and functional markers of preclinical CV organ damage.

Prediction of a complex system with few data: Evaluation of the effect of model structure and amount of data with dynamic bayesian network models

A major challenge in environmental modeling is to identify structural changes in the ecosystem across time, i.e., changes in the underlying process that generates the data. In this paper, we analyze the Baltic Sea food web in order to 1) examine potential unobserved processes that could affect the ecosystem and 2) make predictions on some variables of interest. To do so, dynamic Bayesian networks with different setups of hidden variables (HVs) were built and validated applying two techniques: rolling-origin and rolling-window. Moreover, two statistical inference approaches were compared at regime shift detection: fully Bayesian and Maximum Likelihood Estimation. Our results confirm that, from the predictive accuracy point of view, more data help to improve the predictions whereas the different setups of HVs did not make a critical difference in the predictions. Finally, the different HVs picked up patterns in the data, which revealed changes in different parts of the ecosystem.

CHANGES IN THE STRUCTURE IN EU COUNTRIES

The divergent developments in productivity and employment over the past two decades, as well as the crisis and subsequent recovery of the global economy have led to significant changes in different parts of the economic structure in all EU countries. The aim of our study was to examine changes in the basic segments of the economic structure of European countries. The development of segments is assessed through the indicator of gross added value (in current prices) and employment in the period 1995 to 2017. We compared the situation of the two main groups of European countries - the original and new EU countries. We note that there are significant differences between these groups, especially in the 1990s. Subsequently, there have been changes in the structure of new countries that have narrowed the gap between countries. The structural gap between countries has slowly diminished in average. However, the crisis has significantly delayed the process of convergence and the economic recovery period has not recovered to the pre-crisis situation. On the contrary, after the end of crisis the structural gap has thus re-expanded in a number of cases. In this article we target on the comparison of Estonia and Germany. Estonia represents precisely the group of countries whose structural gap has widened after the end of the crisis. On the other hand, the German economy is seen as a stable backbone of European politics and economics. We considered Germany the most economically strong representative of the old EU countries. From this point of view, our research was based on the assumption that Estonia wants to bring its economy closer to Germany’s economy. We monitored whether the Estonian economy was getting closer or moved away from the German economy. Our results confirmed that Germany’s economy is stable and more or less unchanged for more than 20 years. However, the assumption that Estonia’s economy is moving closer to Germany’s economy has not been confirmed. The opposite is probably true.

Severe trichinellosis with neurological involvement - neurotrichinellosis: A case report

Trichinellosis is the most common and most important parasitic zoonosis in Serbia. Complications of this disease are frequent, and a fatal outcome is possible. A particularly significant complication is the involvement of the central nervous system ? neurotrichinellosis. This case report presents a previously healthy, 51-year-old female from Belgrade, Serbia, a teacher by profession. The disease started with symptoms of gastroenteritis in April, after which symptoms and signs characteristic of trichinellosis occurred (myalgia, fever, bilateral eyelid edema, conjunctivitis). About two weeks before the onset of the first symptoms, the patient consumed pork sausages that had been purchased at a green market. Seven days after the disease started, she was hospitalized at the Clinic for Infectious and Tropical Diseases in Belgrade and the diagnosis of trichinellosis was established. Two days after admission, neurological symptoms appeared ? confusion, apathy, right side weakness of the mimic and limb muscles. The medical imaging techniques (CT scan, MRI) showed multiple hypodense changes in different parts of the brain, which corresponded to vasculitis due to parasitic infection. She was treated with approved antiparasitic and corticosteroid therapy. Despite adequate treatment, neurological sequelae were maintained in the follow-up period, and control imaging techniques revealed residual changes in the brain. This case emphasizes the importance of the strict application of all foreseen preventive measures in the control of trichinellosis, and primarily, mandatory trichinoscopic examination of all meat intended for human consumption.

Apresentação do Dossiê

Um mundo do trabalho em constante transformação desafia as Ciências Sociais e impõe novas pautas de investigação. Crises do sistema de produção capitalista nas últimas décadas, resultaram em renovados mecanismos de controle do trabalho e de organização das empresas, que passaram a se articular globalmente e em rede. A incorporação das tecnologias da informação nos processos de trabalho alterou formas clássicas de emprego assalariado, e implantou um padrão de relações baseado na flexibilidade dos processos e dos mercados de trabalho; e, em um contexto marcado por ideologias e práticas neoliberais, os Estados nacionais se aproximaram ainda mais do universo dos negócios e promoveram um verdadeiro desmonte da regulação protetora de quem trabalha. O objetivo deste dossiê é reunir um conjunto diverso de estudos sobre o mundo do trabalho e suas mudanças em diferentes partes do mundo, alertando para a necessidade de assumir novas perspectivas, de revisitar conceitos e de discutir as alterações que se colocam para os que vivem do trabalho.

Research Progress in MRI of the Visual Pathway in Diabetic Retinopathy.

With an increasing incidence, diabetic retinopathy is one of the most important complications of diabetes mellitus (DM) and is also known as one of the major reasons of adult acquired blindness. It is widely accepted that the visual impairment of diabetic patients results from retinal microvascular changes. However, recent clinical experimental and neuroimaging studies suggest that the visual impairment of diabetic patients is also related to the pathophysiological changes of different parts of the visual pathway in diabetic retinopathy. Therefore, the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques have been widely used for evaluating the microstructural changes, white matter integrity, metabolite changes, and the whole or partial functional and anatomic changes in the diabetic retinopathy patients' brains in order to fully understand the mechanism of vision loss of the diabetic retinopathy patients. This review focuses on the research progress in application of MRI of the visual pathway in diabetic retinopathy.

Clinical Variability in Two Macedonian Families with Arterial Tortuosity Syndrome.

Arterial tortuosity syndrome (ATS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in the solute carrier family 2 member 10 (SLC2A10) gene encoding a glucose/ascorbic acid transporter. The clinical features of ATS are mild-to-severe tortuosity of the large and medium arteries throughout the body, accompanied by dysmorphisms and joint laxity. Vascular changes in different parts of the body lead to stenosis and/or aneurysms requiring difficult surgical procedures. Here we present two new patients with ATS from two unrelated families. Patient 1 presented at 10 years of age with headache and typical physical appearance, delicate skeleton, large visible pulsation of the carotid arteries in the neck, and joint laxity. On computed tomography (CT) angiography she had severe tortuosity of the aortal branches and cerebral arteries, but no significant tortuosity of the pulmonary arteries. Two cousins of the girl carried the same homozygous c.254T>C, p.(Leu85Pro) mutation in SLC2A10, however, they additionally had a severe involvement of the pulmonary vessels. Patient 2 was a 9-year-old girl diagnosed with severe tortuosity and stenosis of the pulmonary arteries and progressive myocardiopathy. Her physical appearance was very similar to Patient 1, except that she also had growth retardation. After long-term follow-up by cardiologists, she underwent cardiac surgery abroad, with an unfavorable outcome. Homozygosity for the c.685C>T, p.(Arg229*) mutation in the SLC2A10 gene was detected. Consanguinity was disclosed within both families. Our findings confirm the intrafamilial phenotype variability of ATS. A novel finding is the severe tortuosity of cerebral arteries causing migraine that has not been described before in a child with ATS.

Evaluation of MRI Apparent Diffusion Coefficient (ADC) Mapping As a Predictive Biological Marker in Potentially Personalized and Genetically Targeted Approach in the Radiation Therapy Treatment of Carcinoma Prostate

Non-invasive MRI ADC value mapping has a potential to identify less responsive volume and permits itself for repeated scanning due to lack of radiation exposure. Since it reflects the extent of apoptosis in the tumor tissue, recognisable early in the course of radiotherapy, it has the potential to become predictive model of response and consequently, help modulate dose of radiotherapy. Since ADC is also a marker of apoptosis, it also serves as a genomic marker which can be evaluated dynamically within areas of the entire tumor. In the present study, MRI ADC is evaluated before start of radiotherapy, after 1st, 5th, 10th, and 15th fractions of radiation and changes were analysed. ADC was measured by “segmentation technique” to understand ADC changes in different parts of prostate carcinoma Vis a Vis the entire tumor. ADC was measured in 0.23 cm2 area in 12 segments of the prostate at the upper, mid and lower levels (totally 36 segments for each MRI).This technique was expected to increase the “sensitivity” of estimation, which otherwise would be averaged out when entire tumor value is considered. Normal tissue changes in 12 segments and entire tumor ADC values at each level were also measured. Data was analysed using Friedman’s Rank Test for multiple comparisons. This is an analysis of 4 patients who underwent radical radiotherapy for prostate carcinoma. There was no significant change in ADC values in 48hrs of starting treatment (p=0.14). However, there was a significant change over time in prostate tumor segment ADC values (p=0.03) during first 15 fractions of IMRT/IGRT. This change was maximum at 10th fraction (p=0.01). The results suggest trend in ADC values during radiotherapy could help in developing a predictive 3D apoptotic model for radiation response. The results from this methodology indicate that there are volumes and sub-volumes of “more sensitive” differential response in carcinoma prostate, which may help in selecting the appropriate patients and/or sub-volumes for dose modification in future.

Tuning thermal transport in graphene via combinations of molecular antiresonances

We propose a method to engineer the phonon thermal transport properties of low dimensional systems. The method relies on introducing a predetermined combination of molecular adsorbates, which give rise to antiresonances at frequencies specific to the molecular species. Despite their dissimilar transmission spectra, thermal resistances due to individual molecules remain almost the same for all species. On the other hand, thermal resistance due to combinations of different species are not additive and show large differences depending on the species. Using a toy model, the physics underlying the violation of resistance summation rule is investigated. It is demonstrated that equivalent resistance of two scatterers having the same resistances can be close to the sum of the constituents or ∼ 70% of it depending on the relative positions of the antiresonances. The relative positions of the antiresonances determine the net change in transmission, therefore the equivalent resistance. Since the entire spectrum is involved in phonon spectrum changes in different parts of the spectrum become important. Performing extensive first-principles based computations, we show that these distinctive attributes of phonon transport can be useful to tailor the thermal transport through low dimensional materials, especially for thermoelectric and thermal management applications.

Comparing climate change indices between a northern (arid) and a southern (humid) basin in Mexico during the last decades

Abstract. It is a matter of current study to determine potential climate changes in different parts of the world, especially in regions like a basin which has the potential to affect socioeconomic and environmental issues in a defined area. This study provides a comparison between several climate change indices trends of two very different basins in Mexico, one located in the northern arid region (the Conchos River basin) and the other in the southern humid area (the Usumacinta River basin). First, quality control, homogenization, and completion of the missing data were applied before calculating the climate change indices and their respective trends for the combined period 1961–1994. A clear warming signal was found for the two basins in addition to an increment in the DTR, in agreement with other studies in Mexico. Also, the Conchos River basin was found to be more humid and the Usumacinta River basin drier, in accordance to a supposed seesaw behavior indicated in previous analysis.

Grey Model Optimized by Particle Swarm Optimization for Data Analysis and Application of Multi-Sensors.

Data on the effective operation of new pumping station is scarce, and the unit structure is complex, as the temperature changes of different parts of the unit are coupled with multiple factors. The multivariable grey system prediction model can effectively predict the multiple parameter change of a nonlinear system model by using a small amount of data, but the value of its q parameters greatly influences the prediction accuracy of the model. Therefore, the particle swarm optimization algorithm is used to optimize the q parameters and the multi-sensor temperature data of a pumping station unit is processed. Then, the change trends of the temperature data are analyzed and predicted. Comparing the results with the unoptimized multi-variable grey model and the BP neural network prediction method trained under insufficient data conditions, it is proved that the relative error of the multi-variable grey model after optimizing the q parameters is smaller.

Application of Object Oriented Image Classification and Markov Chain Modeling for Land Use and Land Cover Change Analysis

Object oriented image classification (OOIC) and neural network aided Markov Chain (MC) modeling tools were used to map and predict land use and land cover (LULC) changes. A case study in the Kiskatinaw River Watershed (KRW) of Canada was presented. With an overall classification accuracy of 90.45%, the multi-temporal Landsat satellite images of KRW were analyzed for 11 selected LULC types. It was found that KRW experienced a significant wetland depletion along with a change in forest cover types from 1984 to 2010. The vulnerability of LULC change in different parts of KRW was predicted through MC modeling based on the obtained transition probability, and the results indicated slight LULC changes from 2010 with a wetland depletion of 67.89 km2. In summary, the proposed methods generated valuable results for informed LULC management and hold the potential to be applied to other watersheds.

Distributed Ledger Technology and the Future of Payment Services

Technological evolution triggers changes in market demands, inviting the incumbents of the financial infrastructure to innovate and enhance time and cost efficiency. In a world of internet-based services without sovereign barriers and global peer-to-peer networks, the current account-based infrastructure seems outdated and overcomplicated. Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT) introduces a different logic for validation, settlement and record-keeping and provides a promising prospect of modernization of payment services. Major players of payment, clearing and settlement services and central banks are investing in DLT envisaging high-tech, resilient and time-efficient payment systems. This paper provides an analysis of the potential of distributed ledger technology to reconfigure payment services by introducing changes in different parts of the value chain. Its objective is to connect this potential with current legal and technological developments and conceptualize the future of payment services. Part A provides an overview of current payment, clearing and settlement systems in the context of both domestic and cross-border transactions and stresses the multiple levels of intermediation, as well as the externalities for end-users. Part B seeks to explain why Distributed Ledger Technology bears promises for a more efficient payment services infrastructure and how payments are executed, settled and recorded. Part C explores different scenarios under which Distributed Ledger Technology could be used to enhance payment services. These range from complete disintermediation and a “payments democracy” to the scenario that payment and settlement systems remain intact and DLT is used solely to enhance internal record-keeping or financial telecommunications. This part seeks to connect the hypotheses for the adoption of DLT in payment services with recent developments and investments in innovation and technology. Part D focuses on one of the aforementioned scenarios. Academics and regulators are investigating the plausibility of a regulated distributed ledger, where banks will serve as nodes and will continue providing services to their clients. This part discusses the advantages of this idea, as well as the regulatory and scalability requirements to make it feasible. Part E presents efficiencies and implications of a regulated distributed ledger providing payment services from a payment economics perspective. Governance issues and legal implications (data protection, enforceability of private law rights, systemic risks) are not part of this analysis.